1
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Ölçücü G, Krauss U, Jaeger KE, Pietruszka J. Carrier‐Free Enzyme Immobilizates for Flow Chemistry. CHEM-ING-TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ölçücü
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Biorganic Chemistry Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
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2
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Luo G. Recycling of Cofactors in Crude Enzyme Hydrogels as Co-immobilized Heterogeneous Biocatalysts for Continuous-Flow Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201654. [PMID: 36269055 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flow biocatalysis involving oxidoreductase is limited by the difficulty in recycling expensive cofactors. In this study, an enzyme-rich hydrogel monolithic microreactor was developed via in situ microfluidic assembly of inexpensive crude enzymes. This porous gel biocatalyst exhibited good tethering functions to nicotinamide cofactors; thus, they were retained by the hydrogel to controllably form a novel heterogeneous biocatalyst with self-sufficient cofactors. The flow asymmetric production of a chiral alcohol in this cofactor-entrapped gel microreactor achieved >99 % enantioselectivity and a high space-time yield of 46.3 g L-1 h-1 at 94.8 % conversion. Moreover, the turnover number of cofactors reached as high as 4800 after continuous operation of 160 reactor volumes, realizing significantly higher utilization of the cofactors compared with many reported strategies. Furthermore, this engineered heterogeneous biocatalyst exhibited improved performance in terms of product tolerance and storage stability, paving the way for a green, cost-effective, and sustainable continuous-flow production of enantiopure alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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3
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Meyer LE, Hobisch M, Kara S. Process intensification in continuous flow biocatalysis by up and downstream processing strategies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102835. [PMID: 36332339 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the holistic continuous enzymatic production and put special emphasis on process intensification by up- and downstream processing in continuous flow biocatalysis. After a brief introduction, we provide an overview of current examples of enzyme immobilization as an upstream process for flow biocatalysis. Thereafter, we provide an overview of unit operations as downstream processing strategies, namely continuous (i) liquid-liquid extraction, (ii) adsorptive downstream processing, and (iii) crystallization and precipitation. Eventually, we present our perspectives on future trends in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Erik Meyer
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Hobisch
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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4
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Sharma VK, Hutchison JM, Allgeier AM. Redox Biocatalysis: Quantitative Comparisons of Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration Methods. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200888. [PMID: 36129761 PMCID: PMC10029092 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic processes, particularly those capable of performing redox reactions, have recently been of growing research interest. Substrate specificity, optimal activity at mild temperatures, high selectivity, and yield are among the desirable characteristics of these oxidoreductase catalyzed reactions. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) or NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases have been extensively studied for their potential applications like biosynthesis of chiral organic compounds, construction of biosensors, and pollutant degradation. One of the main challenges associated with making these processes commercially viable is the regeneration of the expensive cofactors required by the enzymes. Numerous efforts have pursued enzymatic regeneration of NAD(P)H by coupling a substrate reduction with a complementary enzyme catalyzed oxidation of a co-substrate. While offering excellent selectivity and high total turnover numbers, such processes involve complicated downstream product separation of a primary product from the coproducts and impurities. Alternative methods comprising chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical regeneration have been developed with the goal of enhanced efficiency and operational simplicity compared to enzymatic regeneration. Despite the goal, however, the literature rarely offers a meaningful comparison of the total turnover numbers for various regeneration methodologies. This comprehensive Review systematically discusses various methods of NAD(P)H cofactor regeneration and quantitatively compares performance across the numerous methods. Further, fundamental barriers to enhanced cofactor regeneration in the various methods are identified, and future opportunities are highlighted for improving the efficiency and sustainability of commercially viable oxidoreductase processes for practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Sharma
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Justin M Hutchison
- Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Alan M Allgeier
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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5
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Simić S, Jakštaitė M, Huck WTS, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Strategies for Transferring Photobiocatalysis to Continuous Flow Exemplified by Photodecarboxylation of Fatty Acids. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14040-14049. [PMID: 36439034 PMCID: PMC9680640 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The challenges of light-dependent biocatalytic transformations of lipophilic substrates in aqueous media are manifold. For instance, photolability of the catalyst as well as insufficient light penetration into the reaction vessel may be further exacerbated by a heterogeneously dispersed substrate. Light penetration may be addressed by performing the reaction in continuous flow, which allows two modes of applying the catalyst: (i) heterogeneously, immobilized on a carrier, which requires light-permeable supports, or (ii) homogeneously, dissolved in the reaction mixture. Taking the light-dependent photodecarboxylation of palmitic acid catalyzed by fatty-acid photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis (CvFAP) as a showcase, strategies for the transfer of a photoenzyme-catalyzed reaction into continuous flow were identified. A range of different supports were evaluated for the immobilization of CvFAP, whereby Eupergit C250 L was the carrier of choice. As the photostability of the catalyst was a limiting factor, a homogeneous system was preferred instead of employing the heterogenized enzyme. This implied that photolabile enzymes may preferably be applied in solution if repair mechanisms cannot be provided. Furthermore, when comparing different wavelengths and light intensities, extinction coefficients may be considered to ensure comparable absorption at each wavelength. Employing homogeneous conditions in the CvFAP-catalyzed photodecarboxylation of palmitic acid afforded a space-time yield unsurpassed by any reported batch process (5.7 g·L-1·h-1, 26.9 mmol·L-1·h-1) for this reaction, demonstrating the advantage of continuous flow in attaining higher productivity of photobiocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simić
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Miglė Jakštaitė
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field
of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed
Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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6
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Cofactor and Process Engineering for Nicotinamide Recycling and Retention in Intensified Biocatalysis. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently considerable interest in the intensification of biocatalytic processes to reduce the cost of goods for biocatalytically produced chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and advanced pharmaceutical intermediates. Continuous-flow biocatalysis shows considerable promise as a method for process intensification; however, the reliance of some reactions on the use of diffusible cofactors (such as the nicotinamide cofactors) has proven to be a technical barrier for key enzyme classes. This minireview covers attempts to overcome this limitation, including the cofactor recapture and recycling retention of chemically modified cofactors. For the latter, we also consider the state of science for cofactor modification, a field reinvigorated by the current interest in continuous-flow biocatalysis.
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7
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Ölçücü G, Baumer B, Küsters K, Möllenhoff K, Oldiges M, Pietruszka J, Jaeger KE, Krauss U. Catalytically Active Inclusion Bodies─Benchmarking and Application in Flow Chemistry. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1881-1896. [PMID: 35500299 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In industries, enzymes are often immobilized to obtain stable preparations that can be utilized in batch and flow processes. In contrast to traditional immobilization methods that rely on carrier binding, various immobilization strategies have been recently presented that enable the simultaneous production and in vivo immobilization of enzymes. Catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs) are a promising example for such in vivo enzyme immobilizates. CatIB formation is commonly induced by fusion of aggregation-inducing tags, and numerous tags, ranging from small synthetic peptides to protein domains or whole proteins, have been successfully used. However, since these systems have been characterized by different groups employing different methods, a direct comparison remains difficult, which prompted us to benchmark different CatIB-formation-inducing tags and fusion strategies. Our study highlights that important CatIB properties like yield, activity, and stability are strongly influenced by tag selection and fusion strategy. Optimization enabled us to obtain alcohol dehydrogenase CatIBs with superior activity and stability, which were subsequently applied for the first time in a flow synthesis approach. Our study highlights the potential of CatIB-based immobilizates, while at the same time demonstrating the robust use of CatIBs in flow chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ölçücü
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Baumer
- Institute of Biorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kira Küsters
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Möllenhoff
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Biorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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8
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Hindges J, Döbber J, Hayes MR, Classen T, Pohl M, Pietruszka J. Covalently Immobilized 2‐Deoxyribose‐5‐phosphate Aldolase (DERA) for Biocatalysis in Flow: Utilization of the 3‐Hydroxyaldehyde Intermediate in Reaction Cascades. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hindges
- Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Institute for bioorganic chemistry GERMANY
| | - Johannes Döbber
- Forschungszentrum Julich Institut fur Bio und Geowissenschaften Biotechnologie GERMANY
| | - Marc Richard Hayes
- Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Institute for bioorganic chemistry GERMANY
| | - Thomas Classen
- Forschungszentrum Julich Institut fur Bio und Geowissenschaften Biotechnologie GERMANY
| | - Martina Pohl
- Forschungszentrum Julich Institut fur Bio und Geowissenschaften Biotechnologie GERMANY
| | - Joerg Pietruszka
- Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Im Forschungszentrum JülichGeb. 15.8 52426 Jülich GERMANY
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9
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Basso A, Brown MS, Cruz-Izquierdo A, Martinez CA, Serban S. Optimization of Metal Affinity Ketoreductase Immobilization for Application in Batch and Flow Processes. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Basso
- Unit D, Purolite Ltd., Llantrisant Business Park, Llantrisant CF72 8LF, U.K
| | - Maria S. Brown
- Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Carlos A. Martinez
- Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simona Serban
- Unit D, Purolite Ltd., Llantrisant Business Park, Llantrisant CF72 8LF, U.K
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10
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Tsubogo T. New Aspects of Immobilized Biocatalysis in Continuous-flow Syntheses. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Simić S, Zukić E, Schmermund L, Faber K, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Shortening Synthetic Routes to Small Molecule Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Employing Biocatalytic Methods. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1052-1126. [PMID: 34846124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis, using enzymes for organic synthesis, has emerged as powerful tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The first industrial biocatalytic processes launched in the first half of the last century exploited whole-cell microorganisms where the specific enzyme at work was not known. In the meantime, novel molecular biology methods, such as efficient gene sequencing and synthesis, triggered breakthroughs in directed evolution for the rapid development of process-stable enzymes with broad substrate scope and good selectivities tailored for specific substrates. To date, enzymes are employed to enable shorter, more efficient, and more sustainable alternative routes toward (established) small molecule APIs, and are additionally used to perform standard reactions in API synthesis more efficiently. Herein, large-scale synthetic routes containing biocatalytic key steps toward >130 APIs of approved drugs and drug candidates are compared with the corresponding chemical protocols (if available) regarding the steps, reaction conditions, and scale. The review is structured according to the functional group formed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erna Zukić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph K Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth─University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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12
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Coloma J, Guiavarc'h Y, Hagedoorn PL, Hanefeld U. Immobilisation and flow chemistry: tools for implementing biocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11416-11428. [PMID: 34636371 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The merger of enzyme immobilisation and flow chemistry has attracted the attention of the scientific community during recent years. Immobilisation enhances enzyme stability and enables recycling, flow chemistry allows process intensification. Their combination is desirable for the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly biocatalytic processes. In this feature article, we aim to point out important metrics for successful enzyme immobilisation and for reporting flow biocatalytic processes. Relevant examples of immobilised enzymes used in flow systems in organic, biphasic and aqueous systems are discussed. Finally, we describe recent developments to address the cofactor recycling hurdle.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Coloma
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands. .,Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Avenida Circunvalación s/n, P. O. Box 13-05-2732, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Yann Guiavarc'h
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory Reactions and Process Engineering, University of Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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13
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Towards a Novel Computer-Aided Optimization of Microreactors: Techno-Economic Evaluation of an Immobilized Enzyme System. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilized multi-enzyme cascades are increasingly used in microfluidic devices. In particular, their application in continuous flow reactors shows great potential, utilizing the benefits of reusability and control of the reaction conditions. However, capitalizing on this potential is challenging and requires detailed knowledge of the investigated system. Here, we show the application of computational methods for optimization with multi-level reactor design (MLRD) methodology based on the underlying physical and chemical processes. We optimize a stereoselective reduction of a diketone catalyzed by ketoreductase (Gre2) and Nicotinamidadenindinukleotidphosphat (NADPH) cofactor regeneration with glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). Both enzymes are separately immobilized on magnetic beads forming a packed bed within the microreactor. We derive optimal reactor feed concentrations and enzyme ratios for enhanced performance and a basic economic model in order to maximize the techno-economic performance (TEP) for the first reduction of 5-nitrononane-2,8-dione.
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14
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Toward sustainable, cell-free biomanufacturing. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:136-144. [PMID: 33453438 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology is an attractive approach to address the need for low-cost fuels and products from sustainable resources. Unfortunately, cells impose inherent limitations on the effective synthesis and release of target products. One key constraint is that cellular survival objectives often work against the production objectives of biochemical engineers. Additionally, industrial strains release CO2 and struggle to utilize sustainable, potentially profitable feedstocks. Cell-free biotechnology, which uses biological machinery harvested from cells, can address these challenges with advantages including: (i) shorter development times, (ii) higher volumetric production rates, and (iii) tolerance to otherwise toxic molecules. In this review, we highlight recent advances in cell-free technologies toward the production of non-protein products beyond lab-scale demonstrations and describe guiding principles for designing cell-free systems. Specifically, we discuss carbon and energy sources, reaction homeostasis, and scale-up. Expanding the scope of cell-free biomanufacturing practice could enable innovative approaches for the industrial production of green chemicals.
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15
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Finnigan W, Citoler J, Cosgrove SC, Turner NJ. Rapid Model-Based Optimization of a Two-Enzyme System for Continuous Reductive Amination in Flow. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Finnigan
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Citoler
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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16
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De Santis P, Meyer LE, Kara S. The rise of continuous flow biocatalysis – fundamentals, very recent developments and future perspectives. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Very recent developments in the field of biocatalysis in continuously operated systems. Special attention on the future perspectives in this key emerging technological area ranging from process analytical technologies to digitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera De Santis
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Lars-Erik Meyer
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
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