1
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Xie Y, Zhang R, Chen Z, Rong M, He H, Ni S, He X, Xiao W, Xuan J. Photocatalytic Boryl Radicals Triggered Sequential B─N/C─N Bond Formation to Assemble Boron-Handled Pyrazoles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306728. [PMID: 38018506 PMCID: PMC10797447 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Vinyldiazo compounds are one of the most important synthons in the construction of a cyclic ring. Most photochemical transformations of vinyldiazo compounds are mainly focusing on utilization of their C═C bond site, while reactions taking place at terminal nitrogen atom are largely unexplored. Herein, a photocatalytic cascade radical cyclization of LBRs with vinyldiazo reagents through sequential B─N/C─N bond formation is described. The reaction starts with the addition of LBRs (Lewis base-boryl radicals) at diazo site, followed by intramolecular radical cyclization to access a wide range of important boron-handled pyrazoles in good to excellent yields. Control experiments, together with detailed mechanism studies well explain the observed reactivity. Further studies demonstrate the utility of this approach for applications in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Le Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Rong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong515063P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong515063P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Kui He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei430079P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei430079P. R. China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
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2
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Jiang Q, Yang T, Li Q, Liang GM, Liu Y, He CY, Chu WD, Liu QZ. Synthesis of Cyclopenta[ b]indoles via Sc(III)-Catalyzed Annulation of Vinyl Diazoacetates with Indole-Derived Unsaturated Imines. Org Lett 2023; 25:3184-3189. [PMID: 37125696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A Lewis acid Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed annulation reaction of vinyl diazoacetates with in situ formed α,β-unsaturated imines for the preparation of indole-fused tricyclic rings has been reported. This strategy involves a sequential addition/rebound addition process of vinyl diazoacetates and an in situ dedinitrogenation. This annulation protocol features low-cost catalysts, mild reaction conditions, and facilely prepared substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Qi Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Guang-Ming Liang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Cheng-Yu He
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Wen-Dao Chu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Quan-Zhong Liu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1, Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
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3
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Yang T, Jiang Q, Wang CM, Li SL, He CY, Chu WD, Liu QZ. Cyclization of Vinyl Diazo Compounds with Benzofuran-Derived Azadienes Enabled by NaBAr F4. Org Lett 2023; 25:2243-2247. [PMID: 36971358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented cycloaddition of vinyl diazo compounds with benzofuran-derived azadienes catalyzed by rarely independently used NaBArF4 has been established. Benzofuran-fused hydropyridines were constructed with excellent yields and high diastereoselectivity via a Na+-catalyzed inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder reaction. Notably, this transformation also features good compatibility with a one-pot protocol to deliver the spiro[benzofuran-cyclopentene] skeleton, as well as perfect atom economy and simple reaction conditions.
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4
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Jana S, Elvers BJ, Pätsch S, Sarkar P, Krummenacher I, Nayak MK, Maiti A, Chrysochos N, Pati SK, Schulzke C, Braunschweig H, Yildiz CB, Jana A. Air and Moisture Stable para- and ortho-Quinodimethane Derivatives Derived from bis- N-Heterocyclic Olefins. Org Lett 2023; 25:1799-1804. [PMID: 36662600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the development of a new methodology for the synthesis of various quinodimethane derivatives under two-electron oxidation of bis-N-heterocyclic olefins linked by different π-conjugated aromatic spacers. In case of para- and ortho-phenylene bridge, we obtained air and moisture stable diimidazolium para- and ortho-quinodimethane derivatives. Analogues of the para-phenylene spacer such as tetrafluoro-p-phenylene and p-anthracene also led to the corresponding air and moisture stable quinodimethane derivatives. This emphasizes the influence of imidazolium substituents which facilitate the air and moisture stability of the quinodimethane derivatives. Differences were observed for the electron transfer processes: two one-electron vs one two-electron redox transitions between bis-N-heterocyclic olefins and diimidazolium-quinodimethanes depending on the employed π-conjugated aromatic spacer. The formation of the π-conjugated radical-cations, transient redox intermediates between bis-N-heterocyclic olefins and diimidazolium-quinodimethanes, was addressed by an EPR investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Benedict J Elvers
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pätsch
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pallavi Sarkar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cem B Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, University of Aksaray, Aksaray 68100, Turkey
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, India
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5
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Ji AY, Thirupathi A, Hwang JY, Kim Y, Han G, Ahn KH, Kang K, Kang EJ. Iron Catalysis of C(sp 3)-H Azidation Using a Heteroarene Radical Cation Strategy. Org Lett 2023; 25:1541-1546. [PMID: 36856660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The FeIII(phen)3 catalysis of the benzylic C(sp3)-H azidation of indoles has been investigated. The Fe(III) complex can selectively oxidize indoles to form arene radical cations, which are transformed into benzylic C(sp3) radical intermediates. This strategy exhibits a difference in reactivity between N-heteroarenes and benzene, which is difficult to achieve via direct hydrogen abstraction approaches. Various biorelevant azide precursors were constructed, highlighting the utility of this mild first-row transition-metal catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Young Ji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Annaram Thirupathi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Joon Young Hwang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Gyuri Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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6
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Rybicka-Jasińska K, Szeptuch Z, Kubiszewski H, Kowaluk A. Electrochemical Cycloaddition Reactions of Alkene Radical Cations: A Route toward Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:1142-1146. [PMID: 36786497 PMCID: PMC9972478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a mild and efficient electrochemical method for cycloaddition reactions of alkene radical cations. Anodic oxidation of olefins produces electrophilic alkene radical cations, which further react with either diazo compounds in a [2 + 1] cycloaddition toward cyclopropane synthesis, or styrene derivatives in a [2 + 2] cycloaddition producing cyclobutanes. Both processes are green, metal- and catalyst-free, and scalable and tolerate a broad range of electron-rich olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuzanna Szeptuch
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland,Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Kubiszewski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowaluk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Luo MJ, Xiao Q, Li JH. Electro-/photocatalytic alkene-derived radical cation chemistry: recent advances in synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7206-7237. [PMID: 35880555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkene-derived radical cations are versatile reactive intermediates and have been widely applied in the construction of complex functionalized molecules and cyclic systems for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the synthetic application of these alkene-derived radical cations represents a powerful and green tool that can be used to achieve the functionalization of alkenes partially because the necessity of stoichiometric external chemical oxidants and/or hazardous reaction conditions is eliminated. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of the electro-/photochemical alkene-derived radical cations, emphasizing the key single-electron oxidation steps of the alkenes, the scope and limitations of the substrates, and the related reaction mechanisms. Using electrocatalysis and/or photocatalysis, single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of the CC bonds in the alkenes occurs, generating the alkene-derived radical cations, which sequentially enables the functionalization of translocated radical cations to occur in two ways: the first involves direct reaction with a nucleophile/radical or two molecules of nucleophiles to realize hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization and cyclization; and the second involves the transformation of the alkene-derived radical cations into carbon-centered radicals using a base followed by radical coupling or oxidative nucleophilic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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8
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Jang YJ, An H, Choi S, Hong J, Lee SH, Ahn KH, You Y, Kang EJ. Green-Light-Driven Fe(III)(btz) 3 Photocatalysis in the Radical Cationic [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:4479-4484. [PMID: 35687841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Green-light-driven FeIII(btz)3 photocatalysis for the radical cationic [4+2] cycloaddition of terminal styrenes and nucleophilic dienes has been investigated. The Fe-MIC (mesoionic carbene) complex forms a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transition state with relatively high excited-state reduction potentials that can selectively oxidize terminal styrene derivatives. Unique multisubstituted cyclohexenes and structurally complex biorelevant cyclohexenes were constructed, highlighting the usefulness of this mild and practical first-row transition metal complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jeong Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hyeju An
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Seunghee Choi
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jayeon Hong
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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9
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Li W, Zhou L. Vinyldiazo Compounds as 3-Carbon Radical Acceptors: Synthesis of 4-Fluoroacridines via Visible-Light-Promoted Cascade Radical Cyclization. Org Lett 2021; 23:4279-4283. [PMID: 34029108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vinyldiazo reagents were developed as the radical acceptors in a visible-light-promoted sequential radical cyclization reaction, providing a mechanistically distinct pathway to achieve (3 + 3) cyclization. Using N-aryl chlorodifluoromethyl alkynyl ketoimines as the radical precursors, the reaction allows the introduction of a fluorine atom to the acridine skeleton during the construction of both the pyridine and benzene motifs from acyclic building blocks. The resulting 4-fluoroacridines exhibited pronounced fluorescent properties in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Park DY, Hwang JY, Kang EJ. Fe(
III
)‐catalyzed Oxidative Povarov Reaction with Molecular Oxygen Oxidant. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Du Yong Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Joon Young Hwang
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
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Abstract
AbstractThe use of iron catalysis to enable reactions with diazo compounds has emerged as a valuable tool to forge carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds. While diazo compounds are often encountered with toxic and expensive metal catalysts, such as Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir, and Cu, a resurgence of Fe catalysis has been observed. This short review will showcase and highlight the recent advances in iron-mediated reactions of diazo compounds.1 Introduction2 Insertion Reactions2.1 Insertion into B–H Bonds2.2 Insertion into Si–H Bonds2.3 Insertion into N–H Bonds2.4 Insertion into S–H bonds3 Ylide Formation and Subsequent Reactions3.1 Doyle–Kirmse Rearrangement3.2 [1,2]-Stevens and Sommelet–Hauser Rearrangements3.3 Olefination Reactions3.4 Cycloaddition Reactions3.5 gem-Difluoroalkenylation4 Three-Component Reactions5 Miscellaneous6 Conclusion
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