1
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Vermersch F, Wang VT, Abdellaoui M, Jazzar R, Bertrand G. Ambiphilicity of ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3707-3710. [PMID: 38455021 PMCID: PMC10915854 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04543a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes, such as imidazole-2-ylidenes and imidazolin-2-ylidenes, the popular class of singlet carbenes introduced by Arduengo in 1991 have not been shown to be ambiphilic owing to the two σ-withdrawing, π-donating amino groups flanking the carbene centre. However, our experimental data suggest that ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbenes (RE-NHCs), especially the seven and eight membered rings, are significantly ambiphilic. Our results also show that the steric environment in RE-NHCs can become a determining factor for controlling the E-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vermersch
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093-0358 USA
| | - Victor T Wang
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093-0358 USA
| | - Mehdi Abdellaoui
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093-0358 USA
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2
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Hussein AA, Ariffin A. Remote Steric and Electronic Effects of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands on Alkene Reactivity and Regioselectivity toward Hydrocupration Reactions: The Role of Expanded-Ring N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13009-13021. [PMID: 37649423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The remote groups in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have a significant influence on metal-catalyzed reactions. We examine how remote bulkiness, electronic groups, and expanded-ring NHCs (ER-NHCs) influence alkene reactivity and regioselectivity toward hydrocupration using density functional theory calculations. The impact of remote steric bulkiness on the Cu-H insertion rate is analyzed, revealing a strong correlation between the steric substituent constant and rate ratio, where a bulky group increases the rate due to reduced steric effects in the transition state (TS). The steric properties of the examined catalysts (with a remote group R2 = CPh3, CHPh2, CH2Ph, CH3, and H) and their corresponding TSs are found to be modulated greatly by the remote steric substitution group and the ring size of the NHC ligand. Enhanced bulkiness enhances the nucleophilic Cu-H moiety. The remote electronic groups have a smaller impact on insertion barrier compared to that of steric hindrance. Furthermore, ER-NHC exploration indicates that NHCs with over five-membered rings have a significantly negative influence on the reaction rate. Finally, with a highly bulky group (R2 = CPh3), anti-Markovnikov insertion preference is attributed to high interaction energy and improved steric properties. Overall, our findings here provide valuable insights for the development of a more effective catalyst in metal-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region 46001, Iraq
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qassim, Babylon 51013, Iraq
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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3
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Epton RG, Unsworth WP, Lynam JM. DFT Studies of Au(I) Catalysed Reactions: Anion Effects and Reaction Selectivity. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Epton
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
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4
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Giovanardi G, Balestri D, Secchi A, Cera G. Diametric calix[6]arene gold(I) catalysts for intramolecular cyclopropanations of 1,6-dienynes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6464-6472. [PMID: 35894952 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01074g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a solid-state structural investigation of diametric calix[6]arene-based phosphine gold(I) cavitands which are characterised by two specific, different 1,2,3-alternate conformations in solution and in the solid state. The effect of the specific orientation of phosphines, with respect to macrocycles, was studied in intramolecular cyclopropanation of 1,6-dienynes. The general applicability of these catalysts was disclosed, delivering a family of polycycles with high yields and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giovanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Davide Balestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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5
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Muratov K, Gagosz F. Confinement‐Induced Selectivities in Gold(I) Catalysis—The Benefit of Using Bulky Tri‐(
ortho
‐biaryl)phosphine Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203452. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Muratov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ottawa Canada
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6
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Confinement‐Induced Selectivities in Gold(I) Catalysis—The Benefit of Using Bulky Tri‐(
ortho
‐biaryl)phosphine Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Nguyen T, Daiann Sosa Carrizo E, Cattey H, Fleurat‐Lessard P, Roger J, Hierso J. Tetranuclear Dicationic Aurophilic Gold(I) Catalysts in Enyne Cycloisomerization: Cooperativity for a Dramatic Shift in Selectivity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200769. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan‐Anh Nguyen
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302- Université Bourgogne-Franche- Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - E. Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302- Université Bourgogne-Franche- Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Hélène Cattey
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302- Université Bourgogne-Franche- Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Paul Fleurat‐Lessard
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302- Université Bourgogne-Franche- Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Julien Roger
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302- Université Bourgogne-Franche- Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Jean‐Cyrille Hierso
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302- Université Bourgogne-Franche- Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
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8
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Ma Y, Ali HS, Hussein AA. A mechanistic study on the gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amide: revealing the impact of expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to understand the mechanistic pathway of the gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amide, and to reveal the impact of expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Ma
- BSJ Institute, Haidian, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Rd, Kings Buildings, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aqeel A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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9
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Zhan L, Zhu M, Liu L, Wang J, Xie C, Zhang J. Synthesis of MAuAg (M = Ni, Pd, or Pt) and NiAuCu Heterotrimetallic Complexes Ligated by a Tritopic Carbanionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16035-16041. [PMID: 34648263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimetallic complexes (NiAuAg, PdAuAg, PtAuAg, and NiAuCu) containing a tritopic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) have been synthesized for the first time through the deprotonation and metalation of heterodimetallic complexes and were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The carbene character of the donor groups in the tritopic NHC complexes was established on the basis of structural and NMR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Congyun Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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10
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Vethacke V, Claus V, Dietl MC, Ehjeij D, Meister A, Huber JF, Paschai Darian LK, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Access to Unsymmetrically Substituted Diaryl Gold N‐Acyclic Carbene (NAC) and N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes via the Isonitrile Route. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vethacke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Vanessa Claus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Ehjeij
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Arne Meister
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jonas F. Huber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Leon K. Paschai Darian
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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11
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Kariuki BM, Platts JA, Newman PD. A hybrid bipy-NHC ligand for the construction of group 11 mixed-metal bimetallic complexes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34170-34173. [PMID: 35497314 PMCID: PMC9042343 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06581e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An asymmetric bipy/NHC ligand L has been used to construct Au/Au, Au/Ag and Au/Cu bimetallic complexes through prior coordination of the NHC to Au(i) and subsequent introduction of the second group 11 metal ion at the bipy donor of the hybrid ligand. The complex [Au(κC-L)2]BF4,1, has been used as the precursor for the formation of [AuAg(κ-C Au,κ2-N,N'Ag-1)2](BF4)2, 2a, [AuCu(κ-C Au,κ2-N,N'Cu-1)2](BF4)2, 2b and [AuAu'(κ-CAu/Au',κ1-NAu/Au'-1)2](BF4)2, 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson M Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT Wales UK
| | - James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT Wales UK
| | - Paul D Newman
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT Wales UK
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12
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Navarro M, Miranda-Pizarro J, Moreno JJ, Navarro-Gilabert C, Fernández I, Campos J. A dicoordinate gold(I)-ethylene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9280-9283. [PMID: 34519292 PMCID: PMC8438763 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of the exceptionally bulky tris-2-(4,4′-di-tert-butylbiphenylyl)phosphine ligand allows the isolation and complete characterization of the first dicoordinate gold(i)–ethylene adduct, filling a missing fundamental piece on the organometallic chemistry of gold. Besides, the bonding situation of this species has been investigated by means of state-of-the-art Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations indicating that π-backdonation plays a minor role compared with tricoordinate analogues. The use of the exceptionally bulky tris-2-(4,4′-di-tert-butylbiphenylyl)phosphine ligand allows the isolation and complete characterization of the first dicoordinate gold(i)–ethylene adduct, filling a missing fundamental piece on the organometallic chemistry of gold.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Juan Miranda-Pizarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Juan J Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Carlos Navarro-Gilabert
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
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13
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Guillet SG, Pisanò G, Chakrabortty S, Müller BH, Vries JG, Kamer PCJ, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. A Simple Synthetic Route to [Rh(acac)(CO)(NHC)] Complexes: Ligand Property Diagnostic Tools and Precatalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien G. Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, Campus Sterre, Building S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Gianmarco Pisanò
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, Campus Sterre, Building S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Soumyadeep Chakrabortty
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock) Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Bernd H. Müller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock) Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Johannes G. Vries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock) Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock) Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, Campus Sterre, Building S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven. P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, Campus Sterre, Building S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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14
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Collado A, Nelson DJ, Nolan SP. Optimizing Catalyst and Reaction Conditions in Gold(I) Catalysis-Ligand Development. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8559-8612. [PMID: 34259505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review considers phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of gold(I) that are used as (pre)catalysts for a range of reactions in organic synthesis. These are divided according to the structure of the ligand, with the narrative focusing on studies that offer a quantitative comparison between the ligands and readily available or widely used existing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Collado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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15
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Synthesis and coordination chemistry of silver(I), gold(I) and gold(III) complexes with picoline-functionalized benzimidazolin-2-ylidene ligands. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The reactions of N-alkyl-N′-picolyl-benzimidazolium bromides or N,N′-dipicolyl-benzimidazolium bromide with silver oxide yielded the silver dicarbene complexes of the type [Ag(NHC)2][AgBr2] 1–4 (NHC = picoline-functionalized benzimidazolin-2-ylidene). The silver complexes 1–4 have been used in carbene transfer reactions to yield the gold(I) complexes of the type [AuCl(NHC)] 5–8 in good yields. A halide exchange at the metal center of complexes 5–8 with lithium bromide yielded the gold bromide complexes 9–12. Finally, the oxidation of the gold(I) centers in complexes 9–12 with elemental bromine gave the gold(III) complexes of the type [AuBr3(NHC)] 13–16. Molecular structures of selected Au(I) and Au(III) complexes have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies.
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16
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Cera G, Giovanardi G, Secchi A, Arduini A. Merging Molecular Recognition and Gold(I) Catalysis with Triphoscalix[6]arene Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:10261-10266. [PMID: 34002908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of novel triphosphine calix[6]arene ligands. These supramolecular wheels, with recognition features governed by the hydrogen-bonding domain, were employed to synthesize multitasking trinuclear gold(I) complexes as a new platform for the synthesis of interwoven (pseudo)rotaxane species. In parallel, the multivalent, metal-bonded upper rim displayed catalytic features promoting highly selective gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions of 1,6-enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giovanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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17
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Cervantes‐Reyes A, Saxl T, Stein PM, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Asiri AM, Hashmi ASK. Expanded Ring NHC Silver Carboxylate Complexes as Efficient and Reusable Catalysts for the Carboxylative Cyclization of Unsubstituted Propargylic Derivatives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2367-2374. [PMID: 33687152 PMCID: PMC8252382 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stabilized by a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene [BP DPr, 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-diazonine-2-ylidene] ligand, new silver carboxylate complexes of the form BP DPrAgO2 C-R (R=Me, Ph) have been synthesized and fully characterized in solution and in the solid state and implemented as sole catalysts (base-, additive-, and, in some cases, solvent-free) in the challenging fixation of carbon dioxide to unsubstituted propargylic derivatives for the synthesis of oxazolidinones and α-methylene cyclic carbonates. Derived from X-ray diffraction studies, the molecular geometry and the concept of buried volume were employed to describe the structural and steric features of these silver complexes. Their stability and efficiency as catalysts have been demonstrated by the synthesis of 29 carboxylation products (72-98 % yield) at low catalyst loadings (0.01-1.5 mol%). Characteristics are high turnover numbers (up to 9400), catalyst recyclability (up to 96 % yield after the 7th cycle with no decomposition of the silver complex), and the possibility to scale-up the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Saxl
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Philipp M. Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
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18
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Ruch AA, Ellison MC, Nguyen JK, Kong F, Handa S, Nesterov VN, Slaughter LM. Highly Sterically Encumbered Gold Acyclic Diaminocarbene Complexes: Overriding Electronic Control in Regiodivergent Gold Catalysis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. Ruch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - Matthew C. Ellison
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - John K. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - Fanji Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078,United States
| | - Vladimir N. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - LeGrande M. Slaughter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
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19
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Strausser SL, Jenkins DM. Synthesis of d10 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with a Perimidine Scaffold. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Strausser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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20
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Fernández GA, Schiel MA, Silbestri GF. On the catalytic activation of water-soluble NHC-Au(I) complexes by sonication and microwave irradiation: A comparative assessment. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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DeLomba WC, Stone EA, Alley KA, Iannarone V, Tarsis E, Ovaska S, Ovaska TV. Utilization of the Thorpe-Ingold Effect in the Synthesis of Cyclooctanoid Ring Systems via Anionic 6- exo- dig Cyclization/Claisen Rearrangement Sequence. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9464-9474. [PMID: 32687712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile approach for the synthesis of gem-disubstituted cyclooctanoids, a motif found in several biologically active compounds. Appropriately substituted 1-alkenyl-5-pentyn-1-ols bearing gem-dialkyl substituents at either the C2, C3, or C4 position serve as useful precursors to a number of cyclooct-4-enone derivatives via a tandem, microwave-assisted oxyanionic 6-exo-dig cyclization/Claisen rearrangement reaction. gem-Dialkyl activation is necessary for these reactions to occur, as unactivated 1-alkenyl-5-pentyn-1-ols fail to undergo 6-exo-dig cyclization under the conditions employed. Further application of the methodology to the corresponding gem-dialkoxy system was also explored to facilitate access to more complex carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston C DeLomba
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Kimberly A Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Victoria Iannarone
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Emily Tarsis
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Sami Ovaska
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Timo V Ovaska
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
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22
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Bouzouita D, Asensio JM, Pfeifer V, Palazzolo A, Lecante P, Pieters G, Feuillastre S, Tricard S, Chaudret B. Chemoselective H/D exchange catalyzed by nickel nanoparticles stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15736-15742. [PMID: 32677658 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04384b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With this work, we report the synthesis and full characterization of nickel nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, namely 1,3-bis(cyclohexyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene (ICy) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes). Although the resulting NPs have the same size, they display different magnetic properties and different reactivities, which result from ligand effects. In the context of H/D exchange on pharmaceutically relevant heterocycles, Ni@NHC shows a high chemoselectivity, avoiding the formation of undesired reduced side-products and enabling a variety of H/D exchange on nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds. Using 2-phenylpyridine as a model substrate, it was observed that deuteration occurred preferably at the α position of the nitrogen atom, which is the most accessible position for the C-H activation. In addition, Ni@IMes NPs are also able to fully deuterate the ortho positions of the phenyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Bouzouita
- LPCNO; Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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23
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Abstract
A library of 14 heterobis(carbene) complexes of the general formula [Au(iPr2-bimy)(ADC)]BF4 (7-20) containing the N-heterocyclic carbene reporter iPr2-bimy and various protic acyclic diaminocarbenes (ADCs) have been prepared to estimate their stereoelectronic properties by 13C NMR spectroscopy and percentage buried volume (%Vbur) determinations. Their preparation was achieved by nucleophilic attack of five secondary amines on six mixed NHC/isocyanide complexes of the type [Au(iPr2-bimy)(CN-R)]BF4 (1-6). Analyses of the iPr2-bimy carbene signals reveal that protic ADCs are stronger donors than classical and expanded-ring NHCs. On the other hand, they are weaker donating compared to NHCs with reduced-heteroatom stabilization. Moreover, stereoelectronic fine-tuning of these ligands is possible by a diverse range of substituents originating from the employed isocyanides and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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