1
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Beleh OM, Alomari S, Weix DJ. Synthesis of Stereodefined Enones from the Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Activated Acrylic Acids with Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2024; 26:7217-7221. [PMID: 39162620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
We report a one-pot synthesis of (E)-trisubstituted enones from acrylic acids through the in situ generation of a 2-pyridyl ester and subsequent cross-electrophile coupling with a nickel catalyst under reducing conditions. The scope of trisubstituted enones is broad and compatible with functionality that can be challenging in established olefination techniques. We highlight conditions necessary to suppress undesired side reactions from the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl and improve cross-electrophile coupling approaches to prepare enones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Beleh
- University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sileen Alomari
- University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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2
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Botlik BB, Finkelstein P, Paschke ASK, Reisenbauer JC, Morandi B. Versatile dehydrogenation of carbonyls enabled by an iodine(III) reagent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9254-9257. [PMID: 39118590 PMCID: PMC11310745 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02609h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
We report the utilisation of an iodine(III) reagent to access α,β-unsaturated carbonyls from the corresponding silyl enol ethers of ketones and aldehydes, and from enol phosphates of lactones and lactams. The transformation is rapid, scalable, and can be carried out in one pot, directly dehydrogenating saturated carbonyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence B Botlik
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Finkelstein
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ann-Sophie K Paschke
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Julia C Reisenbauer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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3
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Zhu C, Chen ZL, Li H, Lu L, Kang X, Xuan J, Zhu M. Rational Design of Highly Phosphorescent Nanoclusters for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23212-23220. [PMID: 39084600 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing the molecular structure-photophysical property correlations of metal nanoclusters to accomplish function-oriented photocatalysis could be challenging. Here, the selective heteroatom alloying has been exploited to a Au15 nanocluster, making up a structure-correlated nanocluster series, including homogold Au15, bimetallic AgxAu15-x and CuxAu15-x, trimetallic AgxCuyAu15-x-y, and tetrametallic Pt1AgxCuyAu15-x-y. Their structure-dependent photophysical properties were investigated due to the atomically precise structures of these nanoclusters. Cu-alloyed CuxAu15-x showed intense phosphorescence and the highest singlet oxygen production efficiency. Moreover, the generation of 1O2 species from excited nanoclusters enabled CuxAu15-x as a suitable catalyst for efficient photocatalytic oxidation of silyl enol ethers to produce α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The generality and applicability of the CuxAu15-x catalysts toward different photocatalytic oxidations were assessed. Overall, this study presents an intriguing Au15-based cluster series enabling an atomic-level understanding of structure-photophysical property correlations, which hopefully provides guidance for the fabrication of cluster-based catalysts with customized photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ze-Le Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Luyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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4
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Xu Y, Zhang R, Zhou B, Dong G. Iridium-Catalyzed Oxidant-Free Transfer Dehydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22899-22905. [PMID: 39113204 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Direct dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids to their unsaturated counterparts represents a valuable transformation for complex molecule synthesis, which, however, has been challenging to achieve. In addition, the current carbonyl desaturation methods are almost all based on oxidative conditions. Here we report an Ir-catalyzed redox-neutral transfer dehydrogenation approach to directly convert carboxylic acids to either α,β- or β,γ-unsaturated counterparts. These reactions avoid using oxidants or strong bases, thus, tolerating various functional groups. The combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest that this transfer hydrogenation reaction involves directed C-H oxidative addition, β-H elimination, and dihydride transfer to an alkene acceptor with C(sp3)-H reductive elimination as the turnover-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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5
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Mak JYW, Rivero RJD, Hoang HN, Lim XY, Deng J, McWilliam HEG, Villadangos JA, McCluskey J, Corbett AJ, Fairlie DP. Potent Immunomodulators Developed from an Unstable Bacterial Metabolite of Vitamin B2 Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400632. [PMID: 38679861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial synthesis of vitamin B2 generates a by-product, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-d-ribityl-aminouracil (5-OP-RU), with potent immunological properties in mammals, but it is rapidly degraded in water. This natural product covalently bonds to the key immunological protein MR1 in the endoplasmic reticulum of antigen presenting cells (APCs), enabling MR1 refolding and trafficking to the cell surface, where it interacts with T cell receptors (TCRs) on mucosal associated invariant T lymphocytes (MAIT cells), activating their immunological and antimicrobial properties. Here, we strategically modify this natural product to understand the molecular basis of its recognition by MR1. This culminated in the discovery of new water-stable compounds with extremely powerful and distinctive immunological functions. We report their capacity to bind MR1 inside APCs, triggering its expression on the cell surface (EC50 17 nM), and their potent activation (EC50 56 pM) or inhibition (IC50 80 nM) of interacting MAIT cells. We further derivatize compounds with diazirine-alkyne, biotin, or fluorophore (Cy5 or AF647) labels for detecting, monitoring, and studying cellular MR1. Computer modeling casts new light on the molecular mechanism of activation, revealing that potent activators are first captured in a tyrosine- and serine-lined cleft in MR1 via specific pi-interactions and H-bonds, before more tightly attaching via a covalent bond to Lys43 in MR1. This chemical study advances our molecular understanding of how bacterial metabolites are captured by MR1, influence cell surface expression of MR1, interact with T cells to induce immunity, and offers novel clues for developing new vaccine adjuvants, immunotherapeutics, and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y W Mak
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ryan J D Rivero
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Huy N Hoang
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Yi Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jieru Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Hamish E G McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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6
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Pal T, Ghosh P, Islam M, Guin S, Maji S, Dutta S, Das J, Ge H, Maiti D. Tandem dehydrogenation-olefination-decarboxylation of cycloalkyl carboxylic acids via multifold C-H activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5370. [PMID: 38918374 PMCID: PMC11199700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dehydrogenation chemistry has long been established as a fundamental aspect of organic synthesis, commonly encountered in carbonyl compounds. Transition metal catalysis revolutionized it, with strategies like transfer-dehydrogenation, single electron transfer and C-H activation. These approaches, extended to multiple dehydrogenations, can lead to aromatization. Dehydrogenative transformations of aliphatic carboxylic acids pose challenges, yet engineered ligands and metal catalysis can initiate dehydrogenation via C-H activation, though outcomes vary based on substrate structures. Herein, we have developed a catalytic system enabling cyclohexane carboxylic acids to undergo multifold C-H activation to furnish olefinated arenes, bypassing lactone formation. This showcases unique reactivity in aliphatic carboxylic acids, involving tandem dehydrogenation-olefination-decarboxylation-aromatization sequences, validated by control experiments and key intermediate isolation. For cyclopentane carboxylic acids, reluctant to aromatization, the catalytic system facilitates controlled dehydrogenation, providing difunctionalized cyclopentenes through tandem dehydrogenation-olefination-decarboxylation-allylic acyloxylation sequences. This transformation expands carboxylic acids into diverse molecular entities with wide applications, underscoring its importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanay Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Premananda Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Minhajul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suman Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suparna Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayabrata Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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7
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Liu X, Hao L, Wang Y, Yu X, Yang Z, Liu Y, Ji Y. Cu 2O-catalyzed cascade phosphinylation/cyclization of 2'-aminochalcones for the synthesis of hemi-indigo derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4249-4253. [PMID: 38717449 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A Cu2O-catalyzed cascade phosphinylation/cyclization reaction of 2'-aminochalcones and diphenylphosphine oxides to produce hemi-indigo derivatives has been developed. This strategy facilitates the sequential formation of a C-P bonds and a C-N bond in a single reaction step. Notably, the approach features one-pot operation, an earth-abundant copper catalyst, readily available starting materials, a broad substrate scope and high compatibility with functional groups, providing 33 compounds in acceptable yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Liqiang Hao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoziyuan Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yiping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yafei Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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8
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Zhao C, Gao R, Ma W, Li M, Li Y, Zhang Q, Guan W, Fu J. A facile synthesis of α,β-unsaturated imines via palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4329. [PMID: 38773128 PMCID: PMC11109338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The dehydrogenation adjacent to an electron-withdrawing group provides an efficient access to α,β-unsaturated compounds that serving as versatile synthons in organic chemistry. However, the α,β-desaturation of aliphatic imines has hitherto proven to be challenging due to easy hydrolysis and preferential dimerization. Herein, by employing a pre-fluorination and palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation reaction sequence, the abundant simple aliphatic amides are amendable to the rapid construction of complex molecular architectures to produce α,β-unsaturated imines. Mechanistic investigations reveal a Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycle involving oxidative H-F elimination of N-fluoroamide followed by a smooth α,β-desaturation of the in-situ generated aliphatic imine intermediate. This protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, and even the carbonyl groups are compatible without any competing dehydrogenation, allowing for late-stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules. The synthetic utility of this transformation has been further demonstrated by a diversity-oriented derivatization and a concise formal synthesis of (±)-alloyohimbane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Rongwan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wenxuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Junkai Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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9
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Bodnar AK, Szewczyk SM, Sun Y, Chen Y, Huang AX, Newhouse TR. Comprehensive Mechanistic Analysis of Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed α,β-Dehydrogenation of Carbonyls via Organozinc Intermediates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3123-3132. [PMID: 38377547 PMCID: PMC11000628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Introducing degrees of unsaturation into small molecules is a central transformation in organic synthesis. A strategically useful category of this reaction type is the conversion of alkanes into alkenes for substrates with an adjacent electron-withdrawing group. An efficient strategy for this conversion has been deprotonation to form a stabilized organozinc intermediate that can be subjected to α,β-dehydrogenation through palladium or nickel catalysis. This general reactivity blueprint presents a window to uncover and understand the reactivity of Pd- and Ni-enolates. Within this context, it was determined that β-hydride elimination is slow and proceeds via concerted syn-elimination. One interesting finding is that β-hydride elimination can be preferred to a greater extent than C-C bond formation for Ni, more so than with Pd, which defies the generally assumed trends that β-hydride elimination is more facile with Pd than Ni. The discussion of these findings is informed by KIE experiments, DFT calculations, stoichiometric reactions, and rate studies. Additionally, this report details an in-depth analysis of a methodological manifold for practical dehydrogenation and should enable its application to challenges in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Bodnar
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Suzanne M Szewczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Anson X Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Timothy R Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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10
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Sivaraj C, Maiti D, Gandhi T. Photo-Catalyzed Acyl Azolium Promoted Selective α-C(sp 3 )-H Acylation of Acetone via HAT: Access to Thermodynamically Less Favoured (Z)-α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303626. [PMID: 37997552 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Mono α-acylation of acetone has been achieved for the first time by reacting with bench-stable acyl azolium salts under violet-LED light at room temperature. The intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from acetone to triplet state of azolium salts under violet LED irradiation resulted in thermodynamically less favourable (Z)-α,β-unsaturated ketones with up to 99 : 1 selectivity via C-C bond formation. This compelling protocol access the desired α-C(sp3 )-H acylation product under metal-, ligand- and oxidant-free conditions on a wide range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Sivaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Wen C, Li T, Huang Z, Kang QK. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Alkanes through Homogeneous Base Metal Catalysis. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300146. [PMID: 37283443 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Preparing valuable olefins from cheap and abundant alkane resources has long been a challenging task in organic synthesis, which mainly suffers from harsh reaction conditions and narrow scopes. Homogeneous transition metals catalyzed dehydrogenation of alkanes has attracted much attention for its excellent catalytic activities under relatively milder conditions. Among them, base metal catalyzed oxidative alkane dehydrogenation has emerged as a viable strategy for olefin synthesis for its usage of cheap catalysts, compatibility with various functional groups, and low reaction temperature. In this review, we discuss recent development of base metal catalyzed alkane dehydrogenation under oxidative conditions and their application in constructing complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wen
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi-Kai Kang
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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12
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Nozawa-Kumada K, Hayashi M, Kwon E, Shigeno M, Yada A, Kondo Y. Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Olefinic C(sp 2)-H Amidation for the Synthesis of γ-Alkylidene- γ-lactams. Molecules 2023; 28:6682. [PMID: 37764458 PMCID: PMC10537769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the copper-catalyzed dehydrogenative C(sp2)-N bond formation of 4-pentenamides via nitrogen-centered radicals. This reaction provides a straightforward and efficient preparation method for γ-alkylidene-γ-lactams. Notably, we could controllably synthesize α,β-unsaturated- or α,β-saturated-γ-alkylidene-γ-lactams depending on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan (M.S.); (Y.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Masahito Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan (M.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Endowed Research Laboratory of Dimensional Integrated Nanomaterials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan;
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan (M.S.); (Y.K.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi 332-0012, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Yada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan (M.S.); (Y.K.)
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13
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Chen Z, Li H, Liao Y, Wang M, Su W. Direct synthesis of alkylated 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives via a cascade Cu-catalyzed dehydrogenation/conjugate addition sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6686-6689. [PMID: 37183637 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01960h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach for the direct synthesis of alkylated 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives via a Cu-catalyzed cascade dehydrogenation/conjugate addition sequence starting from simple saturated ketones and 4-hydroxycoumarins has been developed. This protocol features excellent functional-group tolerance, easy scale-up, and a broad substrate scope including bioactive molecules. More importantly, a series of marketed drugs, such as warfarin, acenocoumarol, coumachlor, and coumafuryl, can be obtained by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yanjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Mengqi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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14
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Yang S, Fan H, Xie L, Dong G, Chen M. Photoinduced Desaturation of Amides by Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:6460-6465. [PMID: 36040045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced palladium-catalyzed desaturation method that is suitable for converting the linear amides to their α,β-unsaturated counterparts is reported. The reaction does not require strong base/acid or sulfur/selenium and oxidant reagents and can be carried out at room temperature through a simple one-step operation. The protocol exhibits great scalability and functional group tolerance. The reaction mechanism has been investigated through deuterium labeling experiments, radical clock, radical capture, and kinetic studies. Mechanistic studies suggested a radical pathway involving aryl/alkyl Pd-radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huike Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Licheng Xie
- Huaide College, Changzhou University, Jingjiang 214513, China
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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15
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Keerthana MS, Jeganmohan M. Synthesis of conjugated dienes via palladium-catalysed aerobic dehydrogenation of unsaturated acids and amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8814-8817. [PMID: 35843120 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02896d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Pd(II)-catalyzed direct aerobic dehydrogenation of γ,δ-olefinic acids and amides has been demonstrated. The present protocol dehydrogenates the least acidic amides and acids, thus replacing the traditional enolate strategy for dehydrogenation. A broad spectrum of conjugated dienamides and dienoic acids were produced in good to excellent yields. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed and supported by deuterium labelling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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16
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Lu H, Zhou C, Wang Z, Kato T, Liu Y, Maruoka K. Fe-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reaction of α,β,γ,δ-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Conjugate Dienes with Alkylsilyl Peroxides and Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8824-8834. [PMID: 35731735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An Fe(OTf)2-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with alkylsilyl peroxides in the presence of certain heteronucleophiles (ROH and indole) is realized under mild reaction conditions. A variety of α,β,γ,δ-diene carbonyl substrates with different substituents were successfully employable via combination with several different alkylsilyl peroxides. This new approach is also applicable to the double functionalization of diene substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Canhua Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Terumasa Kato
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Du X, Hu Y, Yang D, Huang D, Yang W, Wu H, Zhao H. Isoindolinone synthesis through Rh/Cu-catalyzed oxidative C-H/N-H annulation of N-methoxy benzamides with saturated ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:783-789. [PMID: 34989388 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02166d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of isoindolinones from N-methoxy benzamides and saturated ketones via a bimetallic tandem catalytic annulation has been accomplished. The reaction is catalyzed by a Rh/Cu-cocatalytic system and proceeds via the combination of Cu-catalyzed dehydrogenation of ketones and Rh-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization with the assistance of the N-methoxy amide group which also acts as an oxidant to regenerate the Rh catalyst. This method shows good compatibility with a wide range of substrates and functional groups, and provides an alternative strategy to obtain diverse isoindolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Yuntao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Darun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Decai Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Wendi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Hailong Wu
- School of Mechanical and Resource Engineering, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou, China
| | - Huaiqing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China.
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18
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Pan GF, Wang Z, Chang YY, Hao Y, Wang YC, Xing RG. An efficient Pd@Pro-GO heterogeneous catalyst for the α, β-dehydrogenation of saturated aldehyde and ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Shibatani A, Kataoka Y, Ura Y. Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic α,β‐Dehydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Shibatani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science Faculty of Science Nara Women's University Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kataoka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science Faculty of Science Nara Women's University Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science Faculty of Science Nara Women's University Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506 Japan
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20
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Deng XZ, Chen ZY, Song Y, Xue F, Yamane M, Yue YN. Direct Access to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones via Rh/MgCl 2-Mediated Acylation of Vinylsilanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12693-12704. [PMID: 34491765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the facile and practical construction of α,β-unsaturated ketones via rhodium-catalyzed direct acylation of vinylsilanes with readily available and abundant carboxylic acids. This protocol features access to a diverse array of synthetically useful functionalities with moderate to excellent yields. More importantly, the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals was also realized with synthetically useful yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zu Deng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Zi-Yan Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Yang Song
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing210037, China
| | - Motoki Yamane
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Yan-Ni Yue
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, China
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21
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Zhu Q, Luo Y, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Tao Y. Saegusa Oxidation of Enol Ethers at Extremely Low Pd-Catalyst Loadings under Ligand-free and Aqueous Conditions: Insight into the Pd(II)/Cu(II)-Catalyst System. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5463-5476. [PMID: 33765382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient and practical Pd(II)/Cu(OAc)2-catalyst system of Saegusa oxidation, which converts enol ethers to the corresponding enals with a number of diverse substrates at extremely low catalyst loadings (500 mol ppm) under ligand-free and aqueous conditions, is described. Its synthetic utility was demonstrated by large-scale applications of the catalyst system to important nature molecules. This work allows Saegusa oxidation to become a highly practical approach to preparing enals and also suggests new insight into the Pd(II)/Cu(II)-catalyst system for dehydrogenation of carbonyl compounds and decreasing Pd-catalyst loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhu
- Kunming Biohome Technology Co. Limited, Kunming 650501, PR China
| | - Yunsong Luo
- Kunming Biohome Technology Co. Limited, Kunming 650501, PR China
| | - Yongyan Guo
- Kunming Biohome Technology Co. Limited, Kunming 650501, PR China
| | - Yushun Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Yunhai Tao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.,Kunming Biohome Technology Co. Limited, Kunming 650501, PR China
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22
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Abstract
The development of novel synthetic methods remains a cornerstone in simplifying complex molecule synthesis. Progress in the field of transition metal catalysis has enabled new mechanistic strategies to achieve difficult chemical transformations, increased the value of abundant chemical building blocks, and pushed the boundaries of creative and strategic route design to improve step economy in multistep synthesis. Methodologies to introduce an olefin into saturated molecules continue to be essential transformations because of the plethora of reactions available for alkene functionalization. Of particular importance are dehydrogenation reactions adjacent to electron-withdrawing groups such as carbonyls, which advantageously provide activated olefins that can be regioselectively manipulated. Palladium catalysis occupies a central role in the most widely adopted carbonyl dehydrogenation reactions, but limits to the scope of these protocols persist.In this Account, we describe our group's contributions to the area of transition-metal-catalyzed dehydrogenation using palladium catalysis and more sustainable and economical nickel catalysis. These metals are used in conjunction with allyl and aryl halides or pseudohalides that serve as oxidants to access a unique mechanistic approach for one-step α,β-dehydrogenation of various electron-withdrawing groups, including ketones, esters, nitriles, amides, carboxylic acids, and electron-deficient heteroarenes. The pivotal reaction parameters that can be modified to influence reaction efficiency are highlighted, including base and oxidant structure as well as ligand and salt additive effects. This discussion is expected to serve as a guide for troubleshooting challenging dehydrogenation reactions and provide insight for future reaction development in this area.In addition to enabling dehydrogenation reactions, our group's allyl-Pd and -Ni chemistry can be used for C-C and C-X bond-forming reactions, providing novel disconnections with practical applications for expediting multistep synthesis. These transformations include a telescoped process for ketone α,β-vicinal difunctionalization; an oxidative enone β-functionalization, including β-stannylation, β-silylation, and β-alkylation; and an oxidative cycloalkenylation between unstabilized ketone enolates and unactivated alkenes. These bond-forming methodologies broaden the range of transformations accessible from abundant ketone, enone, and alkene moieties. Both the dehydrogenation and C-C and C-X bond-forming methodologies have been implemented in our group's total synthesis campaigns to provide step-efficient synthetic routes toward diverse natural products.Through the lens of multistep synthesis, the utility and robustness of our dehydrogenation and dehydrogenative functionalization methodologies can be better appreciated, and we hope that this Account will inspire practitioners to apply our methodologies to their own synthetic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Timothy R Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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23
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Bettencourt CJ, Chow S, Moore PW, Read CDG, Jiao Y, Bakker JP, Zhao S, Bernhardt PV, Williams CM. Tandem Oxidation-Dehydrogenation of (Hetero)Arylated Primary Alcohols via Perruthenate Catalysis. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tandem oxidative-dehydrogenation of primary alcohols to give α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in one pot are rare transformations in organic synthesis, with only two methods currently available. Reported herein is a novel method using the bench-stable salt methyltriphenylphosphonium perruthenate (MTP3), and a new co-oxidant NEMO·PF6 (NEMO = N-ethyl-N-hydroxymorpholinium) which provides unsaturated aldehydes in low to moderate yields. The Ley-Griffith oxidation of (hetero)arylated primary alcohols with N-oxide co-oxidants NMO (NMO = N-methylmorpholine N-oxide)/NEMO, is expanded by addition of the N-oxide salt NEMO·PF6 to convert the intermediate saturated aldehyde into its unsaturated counterpart. The discovery, method development, reaction scope, and associated challenges of this method are highlighted. The conceptual value of late-stage dehydrogenation in natural product synthesis is demonstrated via the synthesis of a polyene scaffold related to auxarconjugatin B.
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24
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Tang H, Zhang B, Chen W, Luo J. A Mild and Efficient Catalytic Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of N-Pyridylindolines. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202009054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Singh J, Sharma S, Sharma A. Photocatalytic Carbonylation Strategies: A Recent Trend in Organic Synthesis. J Org Chem 2020; 86:24-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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26
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Quadruple C-H activation coupled to hydrofunctionalization and C-H silylation/borylation enabled by weakly coordinated palladium catalyst. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5662. [PMID: 33168832 PMCID: PMC7652853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the well-reported 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes that is directed by classic pyridine and imine-containing directing groups, oxo-palladacycle intermediates featuring weak Pd-O coordination have been less demonstrated in C-H activated cascade transformations. Here we report a quadruple C-H activation cascade as well as hydro-functionalization, C-H silylation/borylation sequence based on weakly coordinated palladium catalyst. The hydroxyl group modulates the intrinsic direction of the Heck reaction, and then acts as an interrupter that biases the reaction away from the classic β-H elimination and toward C-H functionalization. Mechanistically, density functional theory calculation provides important insights into the key six-membered oxo-palladacycle intermediates, and indicates that the β-H elimination is unfavorable both thermodynamically and kinetically. In this article, we focus on the versatility of this approach, which is a strategic expansion of the Heck reaction. Combining the Heck reaction with other transformations provides a powerful strategy to access diverse, complex compounds. Here, the authors report a weak coordination dominated Pd(0)-catalyzed quadruple C-H activation followed by hydro-functionalization, C-H silylation, and C-H borylation.
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