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Jandial T, Gupta A, Tsering D, Kapoor KK, Sridharan V. Microwave-Assisted Selective Nucleopalladation-Triggered Cascade Process: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 3-Chloro-1 H-indenes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39233341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
A nucleopalladation-triggered cascade transformation of internal alkynes bearing an amino nucleophile and an electrophilic enone was investigated under unconventional microwave-assisted conditions. Among the three possible pathways, the chloropalladation-triggered domino process proceeded selectively to furnish 3-chloro-1H-indenes in good to excellent yields. The reactions under microwave irradiation were completed in 30 min, and the conventional heating required 3-5 h for completion. The yields obtained under nonclassical heating using microwave irradiation are marginally higher (71-97%) than those of the conventional heating conditions (67-96%). The mechanism of this domino process involves chloropalladation of alkynes to deliver σ-vinylpalladium intermediates, intramolecular carbopalladation via Heck-type olefin insertion, and protodepalladation steps. The other two competitive intramolecular aminopalladation-initiated cascades via 7-endo-dig or 6-exo-dig cyclizations leading to oxazepine or benzoxazine scaffolds were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Jandial
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, J&K, Jammu 181143, India
| | - Anish Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, J&K, Jammu 181143, India
| | - Dolma Tsering
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, J&K, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Kamal K Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, J&K, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, J&K, Jammu 181143, India
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Gupta A, Ranaut S, Kooleri A, Jandial T, Rani N, Bhuvanesh N, Mazumder S, Sridharan V. Revealing the Role of Solvent in anti-Oxypalladation-Triggered Regiocontrolled Domino Reactions for the Synthesis of Benzazepine- and Tetrahydroquinoline-Containing Scaffolds: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39215714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed regiocontrolled intramolecular oxypalladation-initiated cascades of multifunctional internal alkyne bearing an N-tosyl tether deliver functionalized benzazepine as an exclusive product via 6-endo-dig pathway in 1,4-dioxane solvent and tetrahydroquinoline scaffold as a major product via the 5-exo-dig pathway in the DMSO solvent. The role of the solvent in controlling the regioselectivity is still unknown which can be a major hurdle for further reaction development. Moreover, the reaction in DMSO suffered from having a mixture of products, and no exclusive formation of tetrahydroquinoline was achieved. Herein, we report a concerted computational and experimental study, revealing the role of the solvent in controlling the reaction outcome. DFT study revealed that the formation of the σ-vinylpalladium intermediate is reversible for the 5-exo-dig pathway while it is irreversible for the 6-endo-dig mechanism in 1,4-dioxane and consequently, the 5-exo-dig pathway is difficult to proceed. In contrast, both the 5-exo-dig and 6-endo-dig pathways are irreversible in DMSO. We predicted an exclusive formation of isobenzofuranone-fused chromane via the 5-exo-dig pathway when the N-tosyl tether is replaced by the O-tether in the internal alkyne in DMSO. The experimental study confirms the theoretical hypothesis and provides a highly chemo-divergent approach for the synthesis of biologically significant chromane with a large substrate scope and up to 95% yield at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181143, India
| | - Sheetal Ranaut
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
| | - Athira Kooleri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
| | - Tanvi Jandial
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181143, India
| | - Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shivnath Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181143, India
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Rajput D, Jan G, Karuppasamy M, Bhuvanesh N, Nagarajan S, Maheswari CU, Menéndez JC, Sridharan V. Rapid Assembly of Functionalized 2 H-Chromenes and 1,2-Dihydroquinolines via Microwave-Assisted Secondary Amine-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of 2- O/ N-Propargylarylaldehydes with 2,6-Dialkylphenols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11778-11792. [PMID: 37556760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, secondary amine-catalyzed cascade annulation of 2-O/N-propargylarylaldehydes with 2,6-dialkylphenols was established to access biologically relevant functionalized 2H-chromenes and 1,2-dihydroquinolines tethered with a synthetically useful p-quinone methide scaffold in high yields under microwave irradiation and conventional heating conditions. The microwave-assisted strategy was convenient, clean, rapid, and high yielding in which the reactions were completed in just 15 min, and the yields obtained were up to 95%. This highly atom-economical domino process constructed two new C-C double bonds and a six-membered O/N-heterocyclic ring in a single synthetic operation. Its mechanism process was rationalized as involving sequential iminium ion formation, nucleophilic addition, and intramolecular annulation steps. Furthermore, the synthesized 2H-chromene derivatives were transformed into valuable indeno[2,1-c]chromenes, 5H-indeno[2,1-c]quinolines, and oxireno[2,3-c]chromene via a palladium-catalyzed double C-H bond activation process and epoxidation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gowsia Jan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muthu Karuppasamy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - C Uma Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Vinoth P, Karuppasamy M, Gupta A, Nagarajan S, Maheswari CU, Sridharan V. Intramolecular oxypalladation-initiated domino sequence: One-pot, two-step regioselective synthesis of isoquinolines. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zhang H, Li W, Hu XD, Liu WB. Enantioselective Synthesis of Fused Isocoumarins via Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Alkyne-Tethered Malononitriles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10799-10811. [PMID: 34255511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective palladium-catalyzed annulation of alkyne-tethered malononitriles for the synthesis of 3,4-ring-fused isocoumarins is described. This cascade strategy involves oxypalladation of ortho-alkynylbenzoates and desymmetrizing addition onto one cyano group of the pendant malononitriles, which enables the concurrent construction of two rings and an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Weishuang Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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6
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Mondal S, Ballav T, Biswas K, Ghosh S, Ganesh V. Exploiting the Versatility of Palladium Catalysis: A Modern Toolbox for Cascade Reactions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India
| | - Tamal Ballav
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India
| | - Krishna Biswas
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India
| | - Suman Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India
| | - Venkataraman Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India
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7
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Karuppasamy M, Vinoth P, Pradeep N, Nagarajan S, Maheswari CU, Sridharan V. Regioselective synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines via syn- and anti-nucleopalladation-initiated cascade processes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8474-8485. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01840f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines via nucleopalladation-initiated cascade sequences was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Karuppasamy
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - Perumal Vinoth
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - N. Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Warangal-506004
- India
| | - C. Uma Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
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