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Wang SH, Wei SQ, Zhang Y, Zhang XM, Zhang SY, Dai KL, Tu YQ, Lu K, Ding TM. Atroposelective synthesis of biaxial bridged eight-membered terphenyls via a Co/SPDO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling/desymmetrization of phenols. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4591. [PMID: 38816373 PMCID: PMC11139896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bridged chiral biaryls are axially chiral compounds with a medium-sized ring connecting the two arenes. Compared with plentiful methods for the enantioselective synthesis of biaryl compounds, synthetic approaches for this subclass of bridged atropisomers are limited. Here we show an atroposelective synthesis of 1,3-diaxial bridged eight-membered terphenyl atropisomers through an Co/SPDO (spirocyclic pyrrolidine oxazoline)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling/desymmetrization reaction of prochiral phenols. This catalytic desymmetric process is enabled by combination of an earth-abundant Co(OAc)2 and a unique SPDO ligand in the presence of DABCO (1,4-diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctane). An array of diaxial bridged terphenyls embedded in an azocane can be accessed in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantio- (>99% ee) and diastereoselectivities (>20:1 dr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Hu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kun-Long Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tong-Mei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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2
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Pawar RB, Karmur MH, Punji B. Ligand-free MnBr 2-Catalyzed Chemo- and Stereoselective Hydroboration of Terminal Alkynes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400158. [PMID: 38512720 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing simple and benign protocols for synthesizing alkenylboronates is crucial as they are synthetically valuable compounds in various organic transformations. In this work, we report a straightforward ligand-free protocol for synthesizing alkenylboronates via atom-economical hydroboration of alkynes with HBpin catalyzed by a manganese salt. The reaction shows a high level of chemo and regioselectivity for the terminal alkynes and exclusively produces E-selective alkenylboronates. The hydroboration scope is vast, with the resilience of a range of synthetically beneficial functionalities, such as halides, ether, alkenyl, silyl and thiophenyl groups. This reaction proceeds through the involvement of a metal-hydride intermediate. The developed alkenylboronate can be smoothly converted to useful C-C, C-N and C-I bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar B Pawar
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India Ph
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Mital H Karmur
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India Ph
| | - Benudhar Punji
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India Ph
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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3
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Mhaske K, Gangai S, Fernandes R, Kamble A, Chowdhury A, Narayan R. Aerobic Catalytic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Furans with Indoles Provides Access to Fluorophores with Large Stokes Shift. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302929. [PMID: 38175849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Sustainability in chemical processes is a crucial aspect in contemporary chemistry with sustainable catalysis as a vital parameter of the same. There has been a renewed focus on utilizing earth-abundant metal catalysts to expand the repertoire of organic reactions. Furan is a versatile heterocycle of natural origin used for multiple applications. However, it has scarcely been used in cross-dehydrogenative coupling. In this work, we have explored the cross-dehydrogentive coupling of furans with indoles using commonly available, inexpensive FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2 O (<0.25 $/g) as catalyst in the presence of so called 'ultimate oxidant' - oxygen, without the need for any external ligand or additive. The reactions were found to be scalable and to work even under partially aqueous conditions. This makes the reaction highly economical, practical, operationally simple and sustainable. The methodology provides direct access to π-conjugated short oligomers consisting of furan, thiophene and indole. These compounds were found to show interesting fluorescence properties with remarkably large Stokes shift (up to 205 nm). Mechanistic investigations reveal that the reaction proceeds through chemoselective oxidation of indole by the metal catalyst followed by nucleophilic trapping by furan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mhaske
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Shon Gangai
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Rushil Fernandes
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Angulimal Kamble
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Arkaprava Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
- School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa, 403401, India
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4
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Bansal S, Punji B. Nickel-Catalyzed Chemodivergent Coupling of Alcohols: Efficient Routes to Access α,α-Disubstituted Ketones and α-Substituted Chalcones. Chemistry 2024:e202304082. [PMID: 38231839 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chemodivergent (de)hydrogenative coupling of primary and secondary alcohols is achieved utilizing an inexpensive nickel catalyst, (6-OH-bpy)NiCl2 . This protocol demonstrates the synthesis of branched carbonyl compounds, α,α-disubstituted ketones, and α-substituted chalcones via borrowing hydrogen strategy and acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling, respectively. A wide range of aryl-based secondary alcohols are coupled with various primary alcohols in this tandem dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reaction. The nickel catalyst, along with KOt Bu or K2 CO3 , governed the selectivity for the formation of branched saturated ketones or chalcones. A preliminary mechanistic investigation confirms the reversible dehydrogenation of alcohols to carbonyls via metal-ligand cooperation (MLC) and the involvement of radical intermediates during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhna Bansal
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Benudhar Punji
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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5
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Yang Y, Wu Y, Bin Z, Zhang C, Tan G, You J. Discovery of Organic Optoelectronic Materials Powered by Oxidative Ar-H/Ar-H Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1224-1243. [PMID: 38173272 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Efficient and streamlined synthetic methods that facilitate the rapid build-up of structurally diverse π-conjugated systems are of paramount importance in the quest for organic optoelectronic materials. Among these methods, transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative Ar-H/Ar-H coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes have emerged as a concise and effective approach for generating a wide array of bi(hetero)aryl and fused heteroaryl structures. This innovative approach bypasses challenges associated with substrate pre-activation processes, thereby allowing for the creation of frameworks that were previously beyond reach using conventional Ar-X/Ar-M coupling reactions. These inherent advantages have ushered in new design patterns for organic optoelectronic molecules that deviate from traditional methods. This ground-breaking approach enables the transcendence of the limitations of repetitive material structures, ultimately leading to the discovery of novel high-performance materials. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent advances in the development of organic optoelectronic materials through the utilization of transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative Ar-H/Ar-H coupling reactions. We introduce several notable synthetic strategies in this domain, covering both directed and non-directed oxidative Ar-H/Ar-H coupling strategies, dual chelation-assisted strategy and directed ortho-C-H arylation/cyclization strategy. Additionally, we shed light on the role of oxidative Ar-H/Ar-H coupling reactions in the advancement of high-performance organic optoelectronic materials. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of existing protocols and offer insights into the future prospects for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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6
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Blythe IM, Xu J, Fernandez Odell JS, Kampf JW, Bowring MA, Sanford MS. Characterization and Reactivity of Copper(II) and Copper(III) σ-Aryl Intermediates in Aminoquinoline-Directed C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18253-18259. [PMID: 37552536 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, numerous reports have focused on the development and applications of Cu-mediated C-H functionalization reactions; however, to date, little is known about the Cu intermediates involved in these transformations. This paper details the observation and characterization of CuII and CuIII intermediates in aminoquinoline-directed C(sp2)-H functionalization of a fluoroarene substrate. An initial C(sp2)-H activation at CuII occurs at room temperature to afford an isolable anionic cyclometalated CuII complex. This complex undergoes single-electron oxidation with ferrocenium or AgI salts under mild conditions (5 min at room temperature) to afford C(sp2)-C(sp2) or C(sp2)-NO2 coupling products. Spectroscopic studies implicate the formation of a transient diamagnetic CuIII-σ-aryl intermediate that undergoes either (i) a second C(sp2)-H activation at CuIII followed by C-C bond-forming reductive elimination or (ii) reaction with a NO2- nucleophile and C(sp2)-NO2 coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Blythe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jingtong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, 3203 Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Joaquin S Fernandez Odell
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, 3203 Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Jeff W Kampf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Miriam A Bowring
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, 3203 Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97202, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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7
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Rastogi GK, Deb ML, Baruah PK. Copper-catalysed dehydrogenative self-coupling/cyclization of 5-aminopyrazoles: synthesis and photophysical study of pyridazines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37465848 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02424e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
An interesting self-coupling/cyclization of 5-aminopyrazoles is revealed, which provides a variety of pyridazine cores in reasonable yields. In this reaction, C(sp2)-C(sp2) and N-N bond formation occurs simultaneously in one reaction vessel. The photophysical properties of the synthesized compounds were also studied and some of them exhibited fluorescence properties with good quantum yields. A radical mediated reaction mechanism is proposed with the help of control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav K Rastogi
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Mohit L Deb
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
- Advanced Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya-793101, India
| | - Pranjal K Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
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8
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Vijaykumar M, Pradhan C, Gonnade RG, Punji B. Palladium-Catalyzed Chemoselective Oxygenation of C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H Bonds in Isatins. Org Lett 2023; 25:1862-1867. [PMID: 36920045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed chemoselective C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bond oxygenation of substituted isatin derivatives is reported. This mild protocol exhibits the C5 C(sp2)-H oxygenation of isatins through electrophilic intermolecular C-H palladation in concentrated solutions using PhI(OAc)2 or Selectfluor as an oxidant, whereas it exhibits-N-CH3 C(sp3)-H oxygenation in dilute solutions via carbonyl-assisted intramolecular palladation in the presence of K2S2O8. This oxygenation reaction provides a direct and unified approach for synthesizing diverse oxygenated isatins with sensitive functionalities, including biorelevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniyappa Vijaykumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Chandini Pradhan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Benudhar Punji
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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9
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Surgenor RR, Liu X, Keenlyside MJH, Myers W, Smith MD. Enantioselective synthesis of atropisomeric indoles via iron-catalysed oxidative cross-coupling. Nat Chem 2023; 15:357-365. [PMID: 36509852 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heterobiaryl compounds that exhibit axial chirality are of increasing value and interest across several fields, but direct oxidative methods for their enantioselective synthesis remain elusive. Here we disclose that an iron catalyst in the presence of a chiral PyBOX ligand and an oxidant enables direct coupling between naphthols and indoles to yield atropisomeric heterobiaryl compounds with high levels of enantioselectivity. The reaction exhibits remarkable chemoselectivity and exclusively yields cross-coupled products without competing homocoupling. Mechanistic investigations enable us to postulate that an indole radical is generated in the reaction but that this is probably an off-cycle event, and that the reaction proceeds through formation of a chiral Fe-bound naphthoxy radical that is trapped by a nucleophilic indole. We envision that this simple, cheap and sustainable catalytic manifold will facilitate access to a range of heterobiaryl compounds and enable their application across the fields of materials science, medicinal chemistry and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangqian Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William Myers
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin D Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Kumar A, Sasai H, Takizawa S. Atroposelective Synthesis of C-C Axially Chiral Compounds via Mono- and Dinuclear Vanadium Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2949-2965. [PMID: 36206455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Axially chiral compounds with rotationally constrained σ-bonds that exhibit atropisomerism are lucrative synthetic targets because of their ubiquity in functional materials and natural products. The metal complex-catalyzed enantioselective fabrication of axially chiral scaffolds has been widely investigated, and thus far, considerable progress has been made. Over the past two decades, we have developed a highly efficient strategy for constructing axially chiral biarenol derivatives using chiral mono- and dinuclear vanadium complexes. These complexes are readily prepared from vanadium(IV) salts and Schiff base ligands (generated from the condensation of (S)-tert-leucine and di- or monoformyl-(R)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) derivatives) under O2 and act as highly active catalysts for highly stereoselective C-C bond formation. In particular, the vanadium complex-catalyzed enantioselective oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols 1 under oxygen or in air, which is a green oxidant, affords the desired axially chiral molecules in high yields and high stereoselectivity (up to quantitative yield and 97% ee), along with water as the sole coproduct. This coupling reaction tolerated various functional groups (such as halogens, alkoxys, and boryls) and avoided overoxidation of coupling products.The key feature of dinuclear vanadium(V) catalysts such as (Ra,S,S)-5a is an outstanding mode of the homocoupling reaction, in which a single molecule of the catalyst activates two molecules of the starting material (e.g., 2-naphthols) simultaneously. With this "dual activation" mechanism, the oxidative coupling promoted by the dinuclear catalyst proceeds in an intramolecular manner. The homocoupling rate using 5 mol % of the dinuclear vanadium(V) complex (Ra,S,S)-5a was measured to be 111 times faster than that of the mononuclear vanadium(IV) complex (S)-4a bearing a half motif of the dinuclear vanadium complex.In the case of the heterocoupling reaction utilizing two different kinds of arenol derivatives, only a starting arenol having lower oxidation potential seems to be activated by the mononuclear vanadium complex. The reaction rate of the heterocoupling using either mono- or dinuclear vanadium complexes showed no difference to give the coupling product in high yields but with a different enantioselective manner; chiral mononuclear vanadium(V) complexes showed better enantioselectivites than that of the dinuclear vanadium(V) complexes. A competing heterocoupling study and a linear correlation between the ee of the mononucaler vanadium catalyst and ee of the heterocoupling suggested that the heterocoupling involves an intermolecular radical-anion coupling pathway.In this Account, we summarize the recent advances in vanadium-catalyzed coupling reactions that produced important chiral molecules, such as biresorcinols, polycyclic biphenols, oxa[9]helicenes, bihydroxycarbazoles, and C1-symmetrical biarenols, and their coupling reaction mechanisms. By pursuing vanadium catalysis, we believe numerous additional transformations as well as a renewed interest in catalytic and chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective aryl-aryl bond constructions will be manifested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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11
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Xuan M, Schumacher C, Bolm C, Göstl R, Herrmann A. The Mechanochemical Synthesis and Activation of Carbon-Rich π-Conjugated Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105497. [PMID: 35048569 PMCID: PMC9259731 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry uses mechanical force to break, form, and manipulate chemical bonds to achieve functional transformations and syntheses. Over the last years, many innovative applications of mechanochemistry have been developed. Specifically for the synthesis and activation of carbon-rich π-conjugated materials, mechanochemistry offers reaction pathways that either are inaccessible with other stimuli, such as light and heat, or improve reaction yields, energy consumption, and substrate scope. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances in this research field combining the viewpoints of polymer and trituration mechanochemistry. The highlighted mechanochemical transformations include π-conjugated materials as optical force probes, the force-induced release of small dye molecules, and the mechanochemical synthesis of polyacetylene, carbon allotropes, and other π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Xuan
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
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12
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Jagtap RA, Pradhan C, Gonnade RG, Punji B. An Efficient Route to 3,3'-Biindolinylidene-diones by Iron-Catalyzed Dimerization of Isatins. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200414. [PMID: 35608328 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed dimerization of various isatin derivatives is described for the efficient synthesis of 3,3'-biindolinylidene-diones (isoindigos). The reaction provides easy access to self-coupled and cross-coupled 3,3'-indolinylidene-diones that have high relevance to biology and materials. This Fe(0)- or Fe(II)-catalyzed dimerization reaction tolerates a wide range of functionalities, such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, alkenyl, nitrile, ether, ester, pyrrolyl, indolyl and carbazolyl groups, including cyclic and acyclic alkyls as well as an alkyl-bearing fatty-alcohol moiety. Especially, the coupling between two distinct isatins provided excellent selectivity for the cross-dimerization with trace of self-couplings. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study established the molecular structure of eight dimerized products. A preliminary mechanistic study of the Fe-catalyzed dimerization supported the radical pathway for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Jagtap
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR, Organic Chemistry Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, INDIA
| | - Chandini Pradhan
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR, Organic Chemistry Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, INDIA
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR, Centre for Material Characterization, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, INDIA
| | - Benudhar Punji
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR, Chemical Engineering Division, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, INDIA
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13
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Zhao X, Yang F, Wang LL, Guo J, Xu YQ, Chen ZS, Ji K. Cu( ii)-Catalyzed C2-site functionalization of p-aminophenols: an approach for selective cross-dehydrogenative aminations. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Site selective cross dehydrogenative aminations from precursors without preactivated C–H and N–H bonds have been challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Sheng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Kegong Ji
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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14
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Tsang YL, Choy PY, Leung MP, He X, Kwong FY. Recent advances in rhodium-catalysed cross-dehydrogenative-coupling between two C(sp2)-H bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalysed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) has received considerable attention in recent years. This modern technology has been considered as an attractive synthetic tool for selective C−C bond formation due to (1)...
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15
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Kang K, Loud NL, DiBenedetto TA, Weix DJ. A General, Multimetallic Cross-Ullmann Biheteroaryl Synthesis from Heteroaryl Halides and Heteroaryl Triflates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21484-21491. [PMID: 34918908 PMCID: PMC9007723 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite their importance to medicine and materials science, the synthesis of biheteroaryls by cross-coupling remains challenging. We describe here a new, general approach to biheteroaryls: the Ni- and Pd-catalyzed multimetallic cross-Ullmann coupling of heteroaryl halides with triflates. An array of 5-membered, 6-membered, and fused heteroaryl bromides and chlorides, as well as aryl triflates derived from heterocyclic phenols, proved to be viable substrates in this reaction (62 examples, 63 ± 17% average yield). The generality of this approach to biheteroaryls was further demonstrated in 96-well plate format at 10 μmol scale. An array of 96 possible products provided >90% hit rate under a single set of conditions. Further, low-yielding combinations could be rapidly optimized with a single "Toolbox Plate" of ligands, additives, and reductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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16
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Ankade SB, Samal PP, Soni V, Gonnade RG, Krishnamurty S, Punji B. Ni(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H/C–H Oxidative Coupling: An Efficient Route to Functionalized Cycloindolones and Indenoindolones. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shidheshwar B. Ankade
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR−National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR−NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pragnya Paramita Samal
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR−National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR−NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vineeta Soni
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR−National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR−NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Centre for Material Characterization, CSIR−National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR−NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Sailaja Krishnamurty
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR−National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR−NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Benudhar Punji
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR−National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR−NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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17
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Huang G, Shan Y, Yu JT, Pan C. Rh III -Catalyzed C6-Selective Oxidative C-H/C-H Crosscoupling of 2-Pyridones with Thiophenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:12294-12299. [PMID: 34156130 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium(III)-catalyzed C6-selective dehydrogenative cross-coupling of 2-pyridones with thiophenes was developed for the synthesis of 6-thiophenyl pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives. In this reaction, the excellent site selectivity was controlled by the 2-pyridyl directing group on the nitrogen of the pyridone ring. Control experiments indicated that the N-pyridyl was essential for the transformation. To the best of our knowledge, this procedure is the first successful example of the direct C6 heteroarylation of 2-pyridones with electron-rich thiophene derivatives. 4-Pyridone was also used as substrate to generate the corresponding C2 heteroarylated product. Moreover, this pyridyl directing group was readily removable to generate the biheteroaryl structures with a free N-H group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Huang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Shan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Changduo Pan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, P. R. China
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18
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Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative C-2 Alkenylation of 5-Arylimidazoles and Related Azoles with Styrenes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of carbon–carbon bonds by direct involvement of two unactivated carbon–hydrogen bonds, without any directing group, ensures a high atom economy of the entire process. Here, we describe a simple protocol for the Pd(II)/Cu(II)-promoted intermolecular cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of 5-arylimidazoles, benzimidazoles, benzoxazole and 4,5-diphenylimidazole at their C-2 position with functionalized styrenes. This specific CDC, known as the Fujiwara–Moritani reaction or oxidative Heck coupling, also allowed the C-4 alkenylation of the imidazole nucleus when both 2 and 5 positions were occupied.
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19
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Vijaykumar M, Punji B. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Chemoselective Acetoxylation of C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H Bonds in Tertiary Amides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8172-8181. [PMID: 34038129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H acetoxylation of synthetically useful tertiary amides is reported under relatively mild reaction conditions. This protocol proceeds through the assistance of a weakly coordinated directing group (C═O) and requires low catalyst (1.0 mol %) loading. Diverse functionalities, such as C(sp2)-Cl, C(sp3)-Cl, -CF3, -COOEt, and -NO2 groups, including morpholinyl, piperazinyl, and pyrrolidinyl heterocycles, are compatible under the reaction conditions. Further functionalization of this protocol is demonstrated by hydrolysis to alcohols, alcohol-acids, as well as reduction to tertiary amines. A preliminary kinetic isotope effect study supported the rate-limiting C-H bond activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniyappa Vijaykumar
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Benudhar Punji
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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20
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Liu H, Yu JT, Pan C. Diacyl peroxides: practical reagents as aryl and alkyl radical sources. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6707-6724. [PMID: 34137395 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02322e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diacyl peroxides, which can be easily synthesized from corresponding carboxylic acids, are commonly utilized as radical initiators and one electron oxidants. Under thermal, transition-metal catalysis or irradiation conditions the cleavage of relatively weak O-O bonds would occur followed by CO2 extrusion to generate the corresponding aryl or alkyl radicals. Thus, diacyl peroxides can be employed as ideal arylating and alkylating reagents in organic synthesis, including C-H/N-H arylation/alkylation, aryl/alkyl radical addition to unsaturated bonds, hetero arylation/alkylation, eliminative arylation/alkylation, perfluoroalkylation etc. Moreover, these arylation/alkylation protocols have been successfully utilized in the synthesis and late-stage functionalization of natural products as well as bioactive molecules. In this review, recent advances on arylation and alkylation using diacyl peroxides as aryl and alkyl radical sources are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Changduo Pan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China.
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21
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Ojha S, Panda N. N
‐Methoxy arenesulfonamide as a Sulfonyl Equivalent For Palladium‐Catalyzed Sulfonylation of Arenes Through C−H Activation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Ojha
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Rourkela- 769008 Odisha India
| | - Niranjan Panda
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Rourkela- 769008 Odisha India
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22
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Sako M, Higashida K, Kamble GT, Kaut K, Kumar A, Hirose Y, Zhou DY, Suzuki T, Rueping M, Maegawa T, Takizawa S, Sasai H. Chemo- and enantioselective hetero-coupling of hydroxycarbazoles catalyzed by a chiral vanadium( v) complex. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective oxidative hetero-coupling of arenols using a chiral vanadium(v) complex has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sako
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Keigo Higashida
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Ganesh Tatya Kamble
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kevin Kaut
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ankit Kumar
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuka Hirose
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Da-Yang Zhou
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Suzuki
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tomohiro Maegawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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