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Liu Q, Qin C, Wan J, Mai BK, Sui XZ, Kobayashi H, Zahedian H, Liu P, Hoveyda AH. Synthesis of Z- gem-Cl,CF 3-Substituted Alkenes by Stereoselective Cross-Metathesis and the Role of Disubstituted Mo Alkylidenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22485-22497. [PMID: 39078367 PMCID: PMC11330298 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Stereochemically defined organofluorine compounds are central to drug discovery and development. Here, we present a catalytic cross-metathesis method for the synthesis of Z-trisubstituted olefins that contain a Cl- and a CF3-bound carbon terminus. Notably, the process is stereoselective, which is in contrast to the existing stereoretentive strategies that also involve a trisubstituted olefin as starting material. Reactions are catalyzed by a Mo monoaryloxide pyrrolide alkylidene, involve a trisubstituted alkene and gem-Cl,CF3-substituted alkene, and are fully Z-selective. Catalytic cross-coupling can be used to convert the C-Cl bond of the trisubstituted olefin to C-B, C-D, and different C-C bonds. We elucidate the role of Cl,CF3-disubstituted Mo alkylidenes. Experimental and computational (DFT) data show that in some instances a disubstituted alkylidene is formed and then transformed to a more active complex. In other cases, the Cl,CF3-disubstituted alkylidene is a direct participant in a catalytic cycle. The studies described shed new light on the chemistry of high oxidation-state disubstituted alkylidenes-scarcely investigated entities likely to be pivotal to approaches for stereocontrolled synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes through olefin metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Can Qin
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Xin Zhi Sui
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Haruki Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Hossein Zahedian
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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2
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Qin C, Koengeter T, Zhao F, Mu Y, Liu F, Houk KN, Hoveyda AH. Z-Trisubstituted α,β-Unsaturated Esters and Acid Fluorides through Stereocontrolled Catalytic Cross-Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3748-3762. [PMID: 36720176 PMCID: PMC10075318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic cross-metathesis (CM) reactions that can generate trisubstituted alkenes in high stereoisomeric purity are important but remain limited in scope. Here, CM reactions are introduced that generate Z-trisubstituted α-methyl, α,β-unsaturated, alkyl and aryl esters, thiol esters, and acid fluorides. Transformations are promoted by a Mo bis-aryloxide, a monoaryloxide pyrrolide, or a monoaryloxide chloride complex; air-stable and commercially available paraffin tablets containing a Mo complex may also be used. Alkyl, aryl, and silyl carboxylic esters as well as thiol esters and acid fluoride reagents are either purchasable or can be prepared in one step. Products were obtained in 55-95% yield and in 88:12->98:2 Z/E ratio (typically >95:5). The applicability of the approach is highlighted by a two-step conversion of citronellol to an isomintlactone precursor (1.7 g, 73% yield, and 97:3 Z/E) and a single-step transformation of lanosterol acetate to 3-epi-anwuweizic acid (72% yield and 94:6 Z/E). Included are the outcomes of DFT studies, regarding several initially puzzling catalyst activity trends, providing the following information: (1) it is key that a disubstituted Mo alkylidene, generated by a competing homo-metathesis (HM) pathway, can re-enter the productive CM cycle. (2) Whereas in a CM cycle the formation of a molybdacyclobutane is likely turnover-limiting, the collapse of related metallacycles in a HM cycle is probably rate-determining. It is therefore the relative energy barrier required for these steps that determines whether CM or HM is dominant with a particular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tobias Koengeter
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Fengyue Zhao
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yucheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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3
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Lu D, Li S, Yang X, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Olefination and Trifluoromethylation of Carboxylic Acids To Give ( Z)-Trifluoromethyl Enol Esters. Org Lett 2022; 24:5197-5202. [PMID: 35833663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a method to produce (Z)-trifluoromethyl enol esters via the olefination and trifluoromethylation of carboxylic acids with TMSCF3. This synthetic method uses inexpensive and easy-to-handle TMSCF3. It employs a commercially available CuCl catalyst to transform a broad range of carboxylic acids into versatile (Z)-trifluoromethyl enol esters with good regio- and stereoselectivity. This protocol allows the concise synthesis of highly functionalized (Z)-trifluoromethyl enol esters directly from carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Huang X, Besset T, Jubault P, Couve-Bonnaire S. Phospha-Michael Addition on α-Fluorinated Acrylates: A Straightforward Access to Polyfunctionalized Fine Chemicals. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9210-9221. [PMID: 35749447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Fluorinated acrylates could act as Michael acceptors and become a platform toward the synthesis of relevant complex molecules. Very few conjugate additions have been developed in the literature with these specific substrates, and herein, we reported the first phospha-Michael addition (PMA) on α-trifluoromethylacrylates and α-fluoromethylacrylates. The reaction proved to be highly tolerant and gave original products containing contiguous C-P and C-CFY2 (Y = F or H) bonds in good to excellent yields and diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
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Liu Q, Mu Y, Koengeter T, Schrock RR, Hoveyda AH. Stereodefined alkenes with a fluoro-chloro terminus as a uniquely enabling compound class. Nat Chem 2022; 14:463-473. [PMID: 35177787 PMCID: PMC9769398 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trisubstituted alkenyl fluorides are important compounds for drug discovery, agrochemical development and materials science. Despite notable progress, however, many stereochemically defined trisubstituted fluoroalkenes either cannot be prepared efficiently or can only be accessed in one isomeric form. Here we outline a general solution to this problem by first unveiling a practical, widely applicable and catalytic strategy for stereodivergent synthesis of olefins bearing a fluoro-chloro terminus. This has been accomplished by cross-metathesis between two trisubstituted olefins, one of which is a purchasable but scarcely utilized trihaloalkene. Subsequent cross-coupling can then be used to generate an assortment of trisubstituted alkenyl fluorides. The importance of the advance is highlighted by syntheses of, among others, a fluoronematic liquid-crystal component, peptide analogues bearing an E- or a Z-amide bond mimic, and all four stereoisomers of difluororumenic ester (an anti-cancer compound).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Yucheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Koengeter
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Richard R Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA. .,Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
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Mori K, Akiyama M, Inada K, Imamura Y, Ishibashi Y, Takahira Y, Nozaki K, Okazoe T. Highly Active Cross-Metathesis of Tetrafluoroethylene with a Seven-Membered N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Ruthenium Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20980-20987. [PMID: 34860535 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A drastic increase in catalyst turnover number (TON) was accomplished in the cross-metathesis of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and vinyl ethers. Under a continuous flow of TFE, catalyst Ru7, which contains a seven-membered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, reached a TON of 4100; this is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the highest hitherto reported value. Mechanistic studies revealed that the expanded NHC successfully destabilizes the stable intermediates with a difluorocarbene structure, which strongly promotes the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Midori Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ko Inada
- AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Imamura
- AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Takahira
- AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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7
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Nouaille A, Lorkowski J, Pannecoucke X, Mauduit M, Poisson T, Couve-Bonnaire S. Metal-Catalyzed Metathesis of Fluorinated Alkenes: Still a Current Major Challenge. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Nouaille
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jan Lorkowski
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes 75231 Paris, France
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