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Liu L, Ren S, Yu S. Kinetic Resolution of N-Allylic Pyrazoles via Photoexcited Chiral Copper Complex-Catalyzed Alkene E → Z Isomerization. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38869179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present an efficient and practical kinetic resolution (KR) of racemic allylic pyrazoles utilizing photoexcited chiral-copper-complex-mediated alkene E → Z isomerization. This method enables the synthesis of both enantioenriched E- and Z-allylic pyrazoles, achieving enantiomeric excesses (e.e.) of up to 97% and selectivity factors (S factors) as high as 217. Remarkably, the method's ability to furnish allylic pyrazoles with the Z-configuration, which is notably arduous to obtain under thermodynamic control, underscores the transformative potential of this synthetic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 (China)
| | - Shiqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 (China)
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 (China)
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2
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Shao Y, Sun J, Tang S. Iridium-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective N-Allylation of Pyrazoles with Dienyl/Monoallylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2024; 26:3966-3971. [PMID: 38669214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Here we report the first example of iridium-catalyzed asymmetric N-allylation of pyrazoles with dienyl allylic alcohols under mild conditions with broad functional group tolerance, exhibiting excellent N1/C3-site selectivities and enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). In addition to pyrazoles, other nucleophiles including benzotriazole, triazole, and pyrazole precursors (aryl vinyldiazos) are also suitable in this method. Notably, with the use of Sc(OTf)3 as additive and reactions performed at 30 °C for 24 h, the N1-C5 or N1-C1 selective alkylated pyrazoles are also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbiao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People's Republic of China
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Paul S, Choudhuri T, Das S, Pratap R, Bagdi AK. Tunable Regioselective Allylic Alkylation/Iodination of Imidazoheterocycles in Water. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1492-1504. [PMID: 38215401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The switchable roles of allylic alcohol and molecular iodine as reagents and catalysts have been demonstrated in the regioselective allylic alkylation and iodination of imidazoheterocycles employing the mixture of allylic alcohol-I2. First, we have explored the catalytic activity of iodine for the allylation of imidazoheterocycles using allylic alcohol in an aqueous medium. The allylation of a library of imidazoheterocycles and other electron-rich heterocycles like indole, pyrazole, 4-hydroxy coumarin, and 6-amino uracil has been achieved by employing this methodology. The efficiency of the I2 catalyst for N-allylation of azoles has also been demonstrated. Next, we have shown that this mixture of allylic alcohol and I2 could be beneficial for the iodination of imidazoheterocycles under room temperature. Mechanistic studies indicate that the activation of allylic alcohol by molecular iodine took place probably through halogen bonding, and NMR studies show that the reaction did not proceed through allylic ether formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | | | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Ramendra Pratap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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Ag2CO3 catalyzed aza-michael addition of pyrazoles to α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds: A new access to N-alkylated pyrazole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Yan X, Yu B, Zhang H, Huang H. Copper-Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement with AIBN and Allylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16918-16927. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Yan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Bangkui Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Zambri MT, Hou TR, Taylor MS. Synergistic Organoboron/Palladium Catalysis for Regioselective N-Allylations of Azoles with Allylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:7617-7621. [PMID: 36201424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A method for regioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of ambident nitrogen heterocycles, employing simple allylic alcohols as electrophile precursors, is described. An organoboron co-catalyst serves both to activate the azole-type nucleophile toward selective N-functionalization and to accelerate the formation of a π-allylpalladium complex from the allylic alcohol. The method can be applied to various heterocycle types, including 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles, tetrazoles, pyrazoles, and purines, and can be extended to substituted allylic alcohol partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Zambri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Teh Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Xing H, Chen M, Zhang D, Geng Z, Xie P, Loh TP. Dehydrative Cross-Coupling for C-N Bond Construction under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:5657-5662. [PMID: 35900372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free catalytic system was designed to address the dehydrative cross-coupling of unactivated primary/secondary alcohols with amines/amides under environmentally benign conditions. Mg2+ and counteranion (PF6-) worked synergistically to realize C-OH bond cleavage and concomitant C-N bond formation. A wide range of allylic alcohols and amines/amides were tolerated well in this transformation, which allowed C-N bond construction with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Xing
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Peizhong Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China.,College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 Singapore
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He WB, Zhao SJ, Chen JY, Jiang J, Chen X, Xu X, He WM. External electrolyte-free electrochemical one-pot cascade synthesis of 4-thiocyanato-1H-pyrazoles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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