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Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Fan Y, Xu S, Cai X, Hou Z, Chen T, Fu G, Zhu Z, Chen X. Bifunctionalization of styrene through ring-opening-recombination strategy of phenylpropathiazole salt. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7593-7596. [PMID: 37674470 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
By opening the ring of a benzothiazole salt, we provide a sulfur source for the bifunctional reaction of styrene. The ring-opening-recombination reaction of the benzothiazole salt simultaneously constructs new C-S, C-O, and CO bonds after C-S bond breaking. The reaction proceeds in green solvents, requires no transition metal catalyst, and is compatible with many functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Fan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Shengting Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Xinxin Cai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Zhijing Hou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guozhang Fu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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Shi J, Chen Z, Lu Y, Xu S, Wen T, Luo Y, Zhu Z, Chen X. Nucleophilic Dearomatization Strategy to Synthesize Disubstituted 3-Isoquinolinones under Transition Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13508-13516. [PMID: 35475618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a one-pot protocol for constructing the disubstituted isoquinolinone derivatives via the three-component reactions of 3-haloisoquinolines, alkyl halides, and indoles under transition-metal-free conditions is described. The reaction realized the trifunctionalization of isoquinoline via a dearomatization strategy, which displayed high chemical selectivity, excellent functional group tolerance, and a wide range of substrates, and is environmentally friendly. The three-component coupling involves the construction of new C-N, C═O, and C-C bonds in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Shi
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yantong Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Shengting Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Tingting Wen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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Xu S, Chen W, Yang X, Shi J, Mai Z, Zhu Z, Chen L, Chen X. Facile Synthesis of 2-Methylenebenzothiazoles from Benzothiazole Salts and 4-Hydroxycoumarins by Ball Milling. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200843. [PMID: 36063072 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple and practical method for the synthesis of 2-methylenebenzothiazoles via the coupling of a benzothiazole salts and 4-hydroxycoumarins have been described herein. The reaction showed a good substrate range and functional compatibility under mechanochemical conditions, and proceeded without catalysts or solvents. The 2-methylenebenzothiazoles products were achieved via the formation of a C=C double bond and exhibited strong luminescence and typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, indicating their potential for use as fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengting Xu
- Wuyi University, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Jiangmen, CHINA
| | - Wantao Chen
- Wuyi University, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Jiangmen, CHINA
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Wuyi University, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Jiangmen, CHINA
| | - Jianyi Shi
- Wuyi University, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Jiangmen, CHINA
| | - Zuyu Mai
- Wuyi University, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Jiangmen, CHINA
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- Wuyi University, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Jiangmen, CHINA
| | - Ling Chen
- Wuyi University, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Jiangmen, CHINA
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- Wuyi University, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, No.22, Dongcheng Street, 529020, Jiangmen, CHINA
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Zeng Z, Deng Y, Li L, Li C, Zhong M. Hydrogen Transfer Coupling with 100% Atom Economy: Synthesis of 2-Indolyltetrahydronaphthyridine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12257-12264. [PMID: 36045006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed hydrogen transfer strategy, enabling straightforward access to tetrahydropyridine derivatives from aryl-1,8-naphthyridines and indolines was developed. This method has unprecedented advantages, including high step economy. In addition, it does not produce any byproducts or require an external high-pressure H2 gas source. The method offers an important platform for the transformation of 1,8-naphthyridines and indolines into functionalized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zeng
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Yiqiu Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China.,College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanyu Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Chungang Li
- The 926th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kaiyuan 661600, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingli Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
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Xu S, Cai Z, Liao C, Shi J, Wen T, Xie F, Zhu Z, Chen X. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Supported Nanocobalt Catalyst for Hydrogen-Transfer Dearomative Coupling of Quinolinium Salts and Tetrahydroquinolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:5209-5213. [PMID: 35833649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A nitrogen-doped carbon supported nanocobalt catalyst was developed and successfully applied for the hydrogen-transfer coupling of quinolinium salts and tetrahydroquinoline compounds. The selective coupling of the C6 sites of tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) with the α sites of quinoline salts generated a series of 2-substituted N-alkyl-tetrahydroquinolines. This catalytic conversion method, which can be employed to synthesize various functionalized tetrahydroquinolines, has several advantages that include excellent hydrogen transfer selectivity, a reusable and inexpensive catalyst, and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengting Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zechun Cai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Chuyi Liao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jianyi Shi
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Tingting Wen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Feng Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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