1
|
Semeniuk T, Dudas T, Okeh E, Felesky T, Hamel JD. Photocatalytic Defluorinative α-Aminoalkylation of Allylic Difluorides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:13669-13677. [PMID: 39232656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
A photocatalytic process was devised to synthesize monofluoroalkenes via defluorinative functionalization of allylic difluorides. N-Alkylanilines are used as precursors to α-aminoalkyl radicals, which undergo regioselective addition to allylic difluorides, and subsequent SET and fluoride elimination produce monofluoroalkenes. C-C bond formation on the aniline is site-selective for the least substituted carbon α to nitrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Semeniuk
- Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ty Dudas
- Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Esther Okeh
- Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Tanner Felesky
- Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jean-Denys Hamel
- Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suga M, Fukushima S, Makino K, Nakamura K, Tabata H, Oshitari T, Natsugari H, Kuroda N, Kanemaru K, Oda Y, Takahashi H. Isomerization of E-Cinnamamides into Z-Cinnamamides Using a Recycling Photoreactor. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8836-8844. [PMID: 38836790 PMCID: PMC11197087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic synthesis of thermodynamically less-stable Z-alkenes has received considerable research attention in recent years. In this study, a recycling photoreactor was applied to the photoisomerization of E-alkenes (cinnamamide and Weinreb amide derivatives) to produce Z-alkenes. The closed-loop recycling system comprises an immobilized photosensitizer to achieve rapid photoisomerization and a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument for separation of the Z/E diastereomers. After 4-10 cycles, the desired pure Z-alkenes were obtained efficiently. In the photoreactor system, a photosensitizer (thioxanthone) was covalently immobilized on silica gel via amide bonding, which led to an enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to the parent thioxanthone. This recycling photoreactor shows promise as an alternative system for the production of Z-alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Suga
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Saki Fukushima
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kosho Makino
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino
University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kayo Nakamura
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tabata
- Faculty
of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tetsuta Oshitari
- Faculty
of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hideaki Natsugari
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Noritaka Kuroda
- YMC
Company Limited, 284 Daigo, Karasuma Nishiiru Gojo-dori, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8106, Japan
| | - Kunio Kanemaru
- IWASAKI
Electric Company Limited, 1-1, Ichiriyama-cho, Gyoda-shi, Saitama 361-8505, Japan
| | - Yuji Oda
- IWASAKI
Electric Company Limited, 1-1, Ichiriyama-cho, Gyoda-shi, Saitama 361-8505, Japan
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang H, Xu L, Zhang C, Cheng C, Chai Z, Yan H, Chen FE. Photoswitched Stereodivergent Synthesis of Allylic Sulfones. Org Lett 2024; 26:4916-4920. [PMID: 38821041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The present Letter demonstrates a photoswitched stereodivergent synthesis of allylic sulfones from sodium sulfinates, triphenylvinylphosphonium chloride, and (hetero)aromatic aldehydes in a single step. Mechanistically, cis-allylic sulfones, generated from the unstabilized ylide intermediates and aldehydes in situ, could be finally converted to trans-allylic sulfones via photochemical isomerization in the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(2-thienyl) ketone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Liuhui Xu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Changwu Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chai
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
K P S, Russelisaac Premakumari S, Cho KB, Lee A. Hydrosulfonylation of Alkynes for Stereodivergent Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones: Synthetic Strategy and Mechanistic Insights. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14816-14828. [PMID: 38752975 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Direct synthesis of thermodynamically less favorable (Z)-vinyl sulfones presents a notable challenge in organic synthesis. In addition, the development of a stereodivergent synthesis for (E)- and (Z)-vinyl sulfones is crucial but remains elusive. In this study, we present a hydrosulfonylation of aryl-substituted alkynes, achieving a stereodivergent synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-vinyl sulfones by leveraging both thermodynamic and kinetic controls. Notably, the synthesis of challenging (Z)-vinyl sulfones was achieved through a kinetically controlled process without the need for a catalyst. To synthesize (E)-vinyl sulfones, unconventional visible light-mediated isomerization was employed as a means of facilitating the transition to the thermodynamically favored form. The present study encompasses a comprehensive experimental and computational investigation, which provides valuable insights into the reaction mechanism. This investigation reveals two plausible isomerization pathways: a novel double spin-flip mechanism and a hydrogen atom transfer process in the presence of eosin Y. This study not only advances our understanding of isomerization mechanisms beyond conventional energy-transfer routes but also offers a robust and switchable strategy for synthesizing (E)- and (Z)-vinyl sulfones, thereby providing a versatile avenue for the creation of valuable compounds in the fields of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujith K P
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Steiny Russelisaac Premakumari
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bin Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nishino S, Sudo K, Kurahashi T. Nickel-Photoredox-Catalyzed Stereoconvergent Coupling of Alkenyl Halides and Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:4049-4054. [PMID: 38717164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles possessing N-alkenyl substituents are an important structural motif. However, the synthetic methods reported thus far cannot selectively synthesize the Z stereoisomer on the basis of the stereochemistry of the substituted alkenes. Herein, we report the stereoconvergent coupling of heterocycles and alkenyl halides consisting of a mixture of E/Z stereoisomers, which selectively afforded the thermodynamically less stable Z-coupling product. Mechanistic studies suggest that a nickel photoredox catalyst facilitates the formation of N-centered heteroarene radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sodai Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kô Sudo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Gu J, Zou JY, Zhang MJ, Shen R, Ye Z, Xu PX, He Y. Photocatalytic Z/E isomerization unlocking the stereodivergent construction of axially chiral alkene frameworks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3254. [PMID: 38627395 PMCID: PMC11021481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The past century has witnessed a large number of reports on the Z/E isomerization of alkenes. However, the vast majority of them are still limited to the isomerization of di- and tri-substituted alkenes. The stereospecific Z/E isomerization of tetrasubstituted alkenes remains to be an underdeveloped area, thus lacking in a stereodivergent synthesis of axially chiral alkenes. Herein we report the atroposelective synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkene analogues by asymmetric allylic substitution-isomerization, followed by their Z/E isomerization via triplet energy transfer photocatalysis. In this regard, the stereodivergent synthesis of axially chiral N-vinylquinolinones is achieved efficiently. Mechanistic studies indicate that the benzylic radical generation and distribution are two key factors for preserving the enantioselectivities of axially chiral compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Rui Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ping-Xun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen PC, You PY, Wu LY, Chin Z, Chiu KH, Hsieh ST, Huang YW. Diastereodivergent α-Homoallylation of Cyclic Enones. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38181402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated carbonyls are essential structural motifs for nucleophiles of disease-related proteins. Methods for stereoselective functionalizations at the α-position include the Morita-Baylis-Hillman, Negishi, Sonogashira, Stille, and Rauhut-Currier reactions. Described here is a method for the diastereodivergent α-homoallylation of cyclic enones via a sequence of conjugate addition, aldol condensation, and diastereoselective [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement proceeds with transfer of chirality. These inspire a photocatalyzed olefin isomerization of the aldol condensation product leading to a highly diastereoselective [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to furnish the α-homoallylation of cyclic enones. Importantly, this photocatalyzed olefin isomerization/diastereoselective [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reaction sequence permits a full stereocontrol of the exo-β-position featuring an allyl group as a synthetic functional handle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yun You
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Yun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Zhanyi Chin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Hua Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Song-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schoch T, Wyneken H, Despain M, Weaver JD. Probing the Visible Light-Driven Geometrical Isomerization of 4-Arylbut-3-ene-2-amines. ChemCatChem 2023; 15:e202301002. [PMID: 38846965 PMCID: PMC11156259 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202301002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A series of thirteen 4-arylbut-3-ene-2-amines were prepared and subjected to photosensitization experiments to interrogate their photostationary state (PS) composition of geometrical olefin isomers (E and Z). The amine PS compositions were found to depend on arene structure and temperature, while being largely independent of nitrogen substitution, solvent, or presence of triplet-quenching oxygen. Photonic efficiency of isomerization (ζp) was found to depend on amine structure, solvent choice, and presence of quencher. With the proper choice of conditions, ζp was able to closely approach the theoretical maximum value of 0.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Schoch
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Hannah Wyneken
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Megan Despain
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jimmie D Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corpas J, Gomez-Mendoza M, Arpa EM, de la Peña
O'Shea VA, Durbeej B, Carretero JC, Mauleón P, Arrayás R. Iterative Dual-Metal and Energy Transfer Catalysis Enables Stereodivergence in Alkyne Difunctionalization: Carboboration as Case Study. ACS Catal 2023; 13:14914-14927. [PMID: 38026817 PMCID: PMC10662505 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemically defined tetrasubstituted olefins are widespread structural elements of organic molecules and key intermediates in organic synthesis. However, flexible methods enabling stereodivergent access to E and Z isomers of fully substituted alkenes from a common precursor represent a significant challenge and are actively sought after in catalysis, especially those amenable to complex multifunctional molecules. Herein, we demonstrate that iterative dual-metal and energy transfer catalysis constitutes a unique platform for achieving stereodivergence in the difunctionalization of internal alkynes. The utility of this approach is showcased by the stereodivergent synthesis of both stereoisomers of tetrasubstituted β-boryl acrylates from internal alkynoates with excellent stereocontrol via sequential carboboration and photoisomerization. The reluctance of electron-deficient internal alkynes to undergo catalytic carboboration has been overcome through cooperative Cu/Pd-catalysis, whereas an Ir complex was identified as a versatile sensitizer that is able to photoisomerize the resulting sterically crowded alkenes. Mechanistic studies by means of quantum-chemical calculations, quenching experiments, and transient absorption spectroscopy have been applied to unveil the mechanism of both steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Corpas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science;
Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); and Centro de
Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA),
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco,
28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gomez-Mendoza
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA
Energy Institute, Technological Park of Mostoles, Avda. Ramón de la
Sagra 3, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique M. Arpa
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM,
Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping,
Sweden
| | - Víctor A. de la Peña
O'Shea
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA
Energy Institute, Technological Park of Mostoles, Avda. Ramón de la
Sagra 3, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM,
Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping,
Sweden
| | - Juan C. Carretero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science;
Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); and Centro de
Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA),
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco,
28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Mauleón
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science;
Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); and Centro de
Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA),
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco,
28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón
Gómez Arrayás
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science;
Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem); and Centro de
Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA),
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco,
28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saha J, Banerjee S, Malo S, Das AK, Das I. Thermally Activated Geometrical Regioselective E→Z Isomerization-Enabled Cascade Sequences of Conjugated Dienals: Experimental and DFT Studies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302335. [PMID: 37555389 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The geometrical regioselective E→Z isomerization of a conjugated alkene under thermal activation pose a challenge due to microscopic reversibility. Herein we report that such reversibility issues can be circumvented by integrating E→Z isomerization with subsequent cyclization cascade, particularly in the absence of commonly employed light, acids, or metal-catalysts. Thus, linearly conjugated dienals in a mixture of toluene-alcohol (2 : 1) solvents or only with alcohol at 60-70 °C can be converted to γ-alkoxybutenolides in moderate to good yields. The intermediary 2Z,4E-isomer can be isolated, which includes the first example of isolating the regioselective isomerization product under thermal conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) studies have been employed to shed light on the feasibility of geometrical alkene isomerization and ensuing cascade sequences. It has been observed that the regioselective 2E,4E→2Z,4E isomerization of dienal is a thermodynamically facile (ΔG <0) process. Structural elucidation further reveals that the presence of a certain charge transfer and a non-covalent interaction may be the primary reasons for the enhanced stability of the 2Z,4E-isomer. The thermodynamic plausibility of the subsequent cascade reaction from the Z-isomer to the anticipated product in the presence of a polar protic solvent (here MeOH) is also explicated. Out of the two probable pathways, the "hemiacetal pathway" involving a relay proton transfer is kinetically more feasible due to the diminished activation barrier than the "conjugate addition pathway".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Saha
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soumadip Banerjee
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sidhartha Malo
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Abhijit Kumar Das
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Indrajit Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin J, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Zhu S, Chu L. Divergent 1,2-carboallylation of terminal alkynes enabled by metallaphotoredox catalysis with switchable triplet energy transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12143-12151. [PMID: 37969584 PMCID: PMC10631246 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a metallaphotoredox strategy for stereodivergent three-component carboallylation of terminal alkynes with allylic carbonates and alkyl trifluoroborates. This redox-neutral dual catalytic protocol utilizes commercially available organic photocatalyst 4CzIPN and nickel catalysts to trigger a radical addition/alkenyl-allyl coupling sequence, enabling straightforward access to functionalized 1,4-dienes in a highly chemo-, regio-selective, and stereodivergent fashion. This reaction features a broad substrate generality and a tunable triplet energy transfer control with pyrene as a simple triplet energy modulator, offering a facile synthesis of complex trans- and cis-selective skipped dienes with the same set of readily available substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Zhuzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu T, Jaber M, Tran G, Bouyssi D, Monteiro N, Amgoune A. Photoinduced NiH Catalysis with Trialkylamines for the Stereodivergent Transfer Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301636. [PMID: 37466982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We report a selectivity-switchable nickel hydride-catalyzed methodology that enables the stereocontrolled semi-reduction of internal alkynes to E- or Z-alkenes under very mild conditions. The proposed transfer semi-hydrogenation process involves the use of a dual nickel/photoredox catalytic system and triethylamine, not only as a sacrificial reductant, but also as a source of hydrogen atoms. Mechanistic studies revealed a pathway involving photo-induced generation of nickel hydride, syn-hydronickelation of alkyne, and alkenylnickel isomerization as key steps. Remarkably, mechanistic experiments indicate that the control of the stereoselectivity is not ensuing from a post-reduction alkene photoisomerization under our conditions. Instead, we demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of the reaction is dependent on the rate of a final protonolysis step which can be tuned by adjusting the pKa of an alcohol additive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Hu
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mohammad Jaber
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gaël Tran
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Didier Bouyssi
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zähringer TJB, Wienhold M, Gilmour R, Kerzig C. Direct Observation of Triplet States in the Isomerization of Alkenylboronates by Energy Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21576-21586. [PMID: 37729087 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Alkenylboronates are versatile building blocks for stereocontrolled synthesis owing to the traceless nature of the boron group that can be leveraged to achieve highly selective geometric isomerization. Using thioxanthone as an inexpensive photocatalyst, the photoisomerization of these species continues to provide an expansive platform for stereodivergent synthesis, particularly in the construction of bioactive polyenes. Although mechanistic investigations are consistent with light-driven energy transfer, direct experimental evidence remains conspicuously absent. Herein, we report a rigorous mechanistic investigation using two widely used alkenylboronates alongside relevant reference compounds. Through the combination of irradiation experiments, transient absorption spectroscopic studies, kinetic modeling, and DFT calculations with all isomers of the model compounds, it has been possible to unequivocally detect and characterize the perpendicular triplet generated by energy transfer. Our results serve not only as a blueprint for mechanistic studies that are challenging with organic sensitizers, but these guidelines delineated have also enabled the development of more sustainable reaction conditions: for the first time, efficient organocatalytic isomerization under sunlight irradiation has become feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till J B Zähringer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Max Wienhold
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstraβe 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstraβe 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, Röntgenstraβe 16, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kutateladze DA, Mai BK, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Liu P, Buchwald SL. Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes via Copper Hydride-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydroalkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17557-17563. [PMID: 37540777 PMCID: PMC10569085 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes are ubiquitous in organic chemistry, yet many classes of alkenes remain challenging to access by current synthetic methodology. Herein, we report a copper hydride-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of Z-configured trisubstituted alkenes with high stereo- and regioselectivity via alkyne hydroalkylation. A DTBM-dppf-supported Cu catalyst was found to be optimal, providing a substantial increase in product yield compared to reactions conducted with dppf as the ligand. DFT calculations show that the DTBM substitution leads to the acceleration of alkyne hydrocupration through combined ground and transition state effects related to preventing catalyst dimerization and enhancing catalyst-substrate dispersion interactions, respectively. Alkyne hydroalkylation was successfully demonstrated with methyl and larger alkyl tosylate electrophiles to produce a variety of (hetero)aryl-substituted alkenes in moderate to high yields with complete selectivity for the Z stereochemically configured products. In the formation of the key C-C bond, computational studies revealed a direct SN2 pathway for alkylation of the vinylcopper intermediate with in situ-formed alkyl iodides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang H, He X, Yuan XA, Yu S. Kinetic Resolution of 2-Cinnamylpyrrolines Enabled by Photoexcited Chiral Copper Complex-Mediated Alkene E → Z Isomerization. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Corpas J, Gomez-Mendoza M, Ramírez-Cárdenas J, de la Peña O'Shea VA, Mauleón P, Gómez Arrayás R, Carretero JC. One-Metal/Two-Ligand for Dual Activation Tandem Catalysis: Photoinduced Cu-Catalyzed Anti-hydroboration of Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13006-13017. [PMID: 35786909 PMCID: PMC9348838 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A dual catalyst system
based on ligand exchange of two diphosphine
ligands possessing different properties in a copper complex has been
devised to merge metal- and photocatalytic activation modes. This
strategy has been applied to the formal anti-hydroboration of activated
internal alkynes via a tandem sequence in which Cu/Xantphos catalyzes
the B2pin2-syn-hydroboration
of the alkyne whereas Cu/BINAP serves as a photocatalyst for visible
light-mediated isomerization of the resulting alkenyl boronic ester.
Photochemical studies by means of UV–vis absorption, steady-state
and time-resolved fluorescence, and transient absorption spectroscopy
have allowed characterizing the photoactive Cu/BINAP species in the
isomerization reaction and its interaction with the intermediate syn-alkenyl boronic ester through energy transfer from the
triplet excited state of the copper catalyst. In addition, mechanistic
studies shed light into catalyst speciation and the interplay between
the two catalytic cycles as critical success factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Corpas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gomez-Mendoza
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Technological Park of Mostoles, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan Ramírez-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor A de la Peña O'Shea
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Technological Park of Mostoles, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Mauleón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Gómez Arrayás
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Carretero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bertuzzi G, Ombrosi G, Bandini M. Regio- and Stereoselective Electrochemical Alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts. Org Lett 2022; 24:4354-4359. [PMID: 35700274 PMCID: PMC9237826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis is effectively employed in a general regio- and stereoselective alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman compounds. The exposition of N-acyloxyphthalimides (redox-active esters) to galvanostatic electroreductive conditions, following the sacrificial-anode strategy, is proved an efficient and practical method to access densely functionalized cinnamate and oxindole derivatives. High yields (up to 80%) and wide functional group tolerance characterized the methodology. A tentative mechanistic sketch is proposed based on dedicated control experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giamician Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiotum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Center
for Chemical Catalysis -C3-, Alma Mater
Studiotum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Ombrosi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giamician Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiotum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giamician Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiotum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Center
for Chemical Catalysis -C3-, Alma Mater
Studiotum − Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chérif SE, Ghosh A, Chelli S, Dixon IM, Kraiem J, Lakhdar S. Merging Grubbs second-generation catalyst with photocatalysis enables Z-selective metathesis of olefins: scope, limitations, and mechanism. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12065-12070. [PMID: 36349104 PMCID: PMC9600307 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03961c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Olefin cross-metathesis is a cornerstone reaction in organic synthesis where stereoselectivity is typically governed by the structure of the catalyst. In this work, we show that merging Grubbs second generation catalyst, a classical E-selective catalyst, with a readily available photocatalyst, enables the exclusive formation of the contra-thermodynamic Z-isomer. The scope and limitations of this unprecedented approach are discussed based on both computational and experimental mechanistic data. Light is magic! The combination of Grubbs second generation catalyst, a well-known catalyst for E-selective olefin metathesis, with a photosensitizer enables efficient access to the contra-thermodynamic Z-isomers.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saïf Eddine Chérif
- CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Avisek Ghosh
- CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France
| | - Saloua Chelli
- CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle M. Dixon
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jamil Kraiem
- Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|