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Aryl- and Superaryl-Extended Calix[4]pyrroles: From Syntheses to Potential Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:7. [PMID: 36607442 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of aryl substituents at the meso-positions of calix[4]pyrrole (C4P) scaffolds produces aryl-extended (AE) and super-aryl-extended (SAE) calix[4]pyrroles. The cone conformation of the all-α isomers of "multi-wall" AE-C4Ps and SAE-C4Ps displays deep aromatic clefts or cavities. In particular, "four-wall" receptors feature an aromatic polar cavity closed at one end with four convergent pyrrole rings and fully open at the opposite end. This makes AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds effective receptors for the molecular recognition of negatively charged ions and neutral guest molecules with donor-acceptor and hydrogen bonding motifs. In addition, adequately functionalized all-α isomers of multi wall AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds self-assemble into uni-molecular and supra-molecular aggregates displaying capsular and cage-like structures. The self-assembly process requires the presence of template ions or molecules that lock the C4P cone conformation and complementing the inner polar functions and volumes of their cavities. We envisioned performing an in-depth revision of AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds owing to their importance in different domains such as supramolecular chemistry, biology, material sciences and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herewith, besides the synthetic details on the elaboration of their structures, we also draw attention to their diverse applications. The organization of this review is mainly based on the number of "walls" present in the AE-C4P derivatives and their structural modifications. The sections are further divided based on the C4P functions and applications. The authors are convinced that this review will be of interest to researchers working in the general area of supramolecular chemistry as well as those involved in the study of the binding properties and applications of C4P derivatives.
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Wang T, Liu J, Cao X. Revealing the Dynamic Process of Ion Pair Recognition by Calix[4]pyrrole: A Case Study of Cesium Chloride. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3253-3259. [PMID: 33764069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ion pair receptors based on meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (CP) have been extensively investigated over recent years. However, the nature of their ion pair recognition has barely been reported, even for CP itself. Herein, cesium chloride was used as a guest ion pair to investigate the dynamic process of ion pair recognition by CP, and the "capture-bind" mechanism for this process is proposed for the first time. The results reveal that Cs+ can be first captured by Cl- at long distances, and then it is bound to the cavity through almost equal contributions of Cl- and CP. Although the effective charge of Cl- is obviously reduced by charge-transfer, the electrostatic interactions between Cl- and Cs+ are still strong even at long distances in the presence of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, 271021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
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Peng S, He Q, Vargas-Zúñiga GI, Qin L, Hwang I, Kim SK, Heo NJ, Lee CH, Dutta R, Sessler JL. Strapped calix[4]pyrroles: from syntheses to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:865-907. [PMID: 31957756 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00528e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry is a central topic in modern chemistry. It touches on many traditional disciplines, such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, materials chemistry, environmental chemistry, and biological chemistry. Supramolecular hosts, inter alia macrocyclic hosts, play critical roles in supramolecular chemistry. Calix[4]pyrroles, non-aromatic tetrapyrrolic macrocycles defined by sp3 hybridized meso bridges, have proved to be versatile receptors for neutral species, anions, and cations, as well as ion pairs. Compared to the parent system, octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole and its derivatives bearing simple appended functionalities, strapped calix[4]pyrroles typically display enhanced binding affinities and selectivities. In this review, we summarize advances in the design and synthesis of strapped calix[4]pyrroles, as well as their broad utility in molecular recognition, supramolecular extraction, separation technology, ion transport, and as agents capable of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Future challenges within this sub-field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Gabriela I Vargas-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Inhong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Nam Jung Heo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University and IMSFT, Chun-Cheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University and IMSFT, Chun-Cheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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Rather IA, Wagay SA, Hasnain MS, Ali R. New dimensions in calix[4]pyrrole: the land of opportunity in supramolecular chemistry. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38309-38344. [PMID: 35540221 PMCID: PMC9076024 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest for receptors endowed with the selective complexation and detection of negatively charged species continues to receive substantial consideration within the scientific community worldwide. This study is encouraged by the utilization of anions in nature in a plethora of biological systems such as chloride channels and proteins and as polyanions for genetic information. The molecular recognition of anionic species is greatly interesting in terms of their favourable interactions. In this comprehensive review, in addition to giving accounts of some selected syntheses, we illustrated diverse applications ranging from molecular containers to ion transporters and drug carriers of a supramolecular receptor named calix[4]pyrrole. We believe that the present review may act as a catalyst in enhancing the novel applications of calix[4]pyrrole and its congeners in the other dimensions of science and technology. The quest for receptors endowed with the selective complexation and detection of negatively charged species continues to receive substantial consideration within the scientific community worldwide.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- New Delhi-110025
- India
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