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Revin VV, Liyaskina EV, Parchaykina MV, Kurgaeva IV, Efremova KV, Novokuptsev NV. Production of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides: Xanthan and Bacterial Cellulose. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14608. [PMID: 37834056 PMCID: PMC10572569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, degradable biopolymers have become increasingly important as potential environmentally friendly biomaterials, providing a wide range of applications in various fields. Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are biomacromolecules, which due to their unique properties have found applications in biomedicine, foodstuff, textiles, cosmetics, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, nanoelectronics, and environmental remediation. One of the important commercial polysaccharides produced on an industrial scale is xanthan. In recent years, the range of its application has expanded significantly. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is another unique EPS with a rapidly increasing range of applications. Due to the great prospects for their practical application, the development of their highly efficient production remains an important task. The present review summarizes the strategies for the cost-effective production of such important biomacromolecules as xanthan and BC and demonstrates for the first time common approaches to their efficient production and to obtaining new functional materials for a wide range of applications, including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, environmental remediation, nanoelectronics, and 3D bioprinting. In the end, we discuss present limitations of xanthan and BC production and the line of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V. Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia; (E.V.L.); (M.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (K.V.E.); (N.V.N.)
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Charoenrak S, Charumanee S, Sirisa-Ard P, Bovonsombut S, Kumdhitiahutsawakul L, Kiatkarun S, Pathom-Aree W, Chitov T, Bovonsombut S. Nanobacterial Cellulose from Kombucha Fermentation as a Potential Protective Carrier of Lactobacillus plantarum under Simulated Gastrointestinal Tract Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061356. [PMID: 36987137 PMCID: PMC10054358 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kombucha bacterial cellulose (KBC), a by-product of kombucha fermentation, can be used as a biomaterial for microbial immobilization. In this study, we investigated the properties of KBC produced from green tea kombucha fermentation on days 7, 14, and 30 and its potential as a protective carrier of Lactobacillus plantarum, a representative beneficial bacteria. The highest KBC yield (6.5%) was obtained on day 30. Scanning electron microscopy showed the development and changes in the fibrous structure of the KBC over time. They had crystallinity indices of 90-95%, crystallite sizes of 5.36-5.98 nm, and are identified as type I cellulose according to X-ray diffraction analysis. The 30-day KBC had the highest surface area of 19.91 m2/g, which was measured using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. This was used to immobilize L. plantarum TISTR 541 cells using the adsorption-incubation method, by which 16.20 log CFU/g of immobilized cells was achieved. The amount of immobilized L. plantarum decreased to 7.98 log CFU/g after freeze-drying and to 2.94 log CFU/g after being exposed to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions (HCl pH 2.0 and 0.3% bile salt), whereas the non-immobilized culture was not detected. This indicated its potential as a protective carrier to deliver beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonthirat Charoenrak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suporn Charumanee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panee Sirisa-Ard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sittisin Bovonsombut
- Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | | | - Suwalee Kiatkarun
- Amazing Tea Limited Partnership (Tea Gallery Group), Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Wasu Pathom-Aree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thararat Chitov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakunnee Bovonsombut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Kadier A, Ilyas RA, Huzaifah MRM, Harihastuti N, Sapuan SM, Harussani MM, Azlin MNM, Yuliasni R, Ibrahim R, Atikah MSN, Wang J, Chandrasekhar K, Islam MA, Sharma S, Punia S, Rajasekar A, Asyraf MRM, Ishak MR. Use of Industrial Wastes as Sustainable Nutrient Sources for Bacterial Cellulose (BC) Production: Mechanism, Advances, and Future Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3365. [PMID: 34641185 PMCID: PMC8512337 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanomaterial, bacterial cellulose (BC), has become noteworthy recently due to its better physicochemical properties and biodegradability, which are desirable for various applications. Since cost is a significant limitation in the production of cellulose, current efforts are focused on the use of industrial waste as a cost-effective substrate for the synthesis of BC or microbial cellulose. The utilization of industrial wastes and byproduct streams as fermentation media could improve the cost-competitiveness of BC production. This paper examines the feasibility of using typical wastes generated by industry sectors as sources of nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) for the commercial-scale production of BC. Numerous preliminary findings in the literature data have revealed the potential to yield a high concentration of BC from various industrial wastes. These findings indicated the need to optimize culture conditions, aiming for improved large-scale production of BC from waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.K.); (J.W.)
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Huzaifah
- Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Bintulu Campus, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu 97000, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nani Harihastuti
- Centre of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology, The Ministry of Industry, Jawa Tengah 50136, Indonesia; (N.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (M.M.H.)
- Laboratory of Technology Biocomposite, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (M.M.H.)
| | - M. N. M. Azlin
- Laboratory of Technology Biocomposite, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Textile Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Universiti Teknologi Mara Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah 72000, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Rustiana Yuliasni
- Centre of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology, The Ministry of Industry, Jawa Tengah 50136, Indonesia; (N.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - R. Ibrahim
- Innovation & Commercialization Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong 52109, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - M. S. N. Atikah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Junying Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.K.); (J.W.)
| | - K. Chandrasekhar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - M Amirul Islam
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar 144001, India;
| | - Sneh Punia
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, India
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
| | - M. R. Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
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Emre Oz Y, Keskin-Erdogan Z, Safa N, Esin Hames Tuna E. A review of functionalised bacterial cellulose for targeted biomedical fields. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:648-681. [PMID: 33673762 DOI: 10.1177/0885328221998033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC), which can be produced by microorganisms, is an ideal biomaterial especially for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems thanks to its properties of high purity, biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, high crystallinity, 3 D nanofiber structure, porosity and high-water holding capacity. Therefore, wide ranges of researches have been done on the BC production process and its structural and physical modifications to make it more suitable for certain targeted biomedical applications thoroughly. BC's properties such as mechanical strength, pore diameter and porosity can be tuned in situ or ex situ processes by using various polymer and compounds. Besides, different organic or inorganic compounds that support cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation or provide functions such as antimicrobial effectiveness can be gained to its structure for targeted application. These processes not only increase the usage options of BC but also provide success for mimicking the natural tissue microenvironment, especially in tissue engineering applications. In this review article, the studies on optimisation of BC production in the last decade and the BC modification and functionalisation studies conducted for the three main perspectives as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound dressing with diverse approaches are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Emre Oz
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zalike Keskin-Erdogan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neriman Safa
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Esin Hames Tuna
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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