1
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Sun H, Zhang Q, Meng L, Wang Z, Fan Y, Mayor M, Pan M, Su CY. Thermal control over phosphorescence or thermally activated delayed fluorescence in a metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8905-8912. [PMID: 38873057 PMCID: PMC11168186 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
By integrating a tailor-made donor-acceptor (D-A) ligand in a metal-organic framework (MOF), a material with unprecedented features emerges. The ligand combines a pair of cyano groups as acceptors with four sulfanylphenyls as donors, which expose each a carboxylic acid as coordination sites. Upon treatment with zinc nitrate in a solvothermal synthesis, the MOF is obtained. The new material combines temperature-assisted reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and intersystem crossing (ISC). As these two mechanisms are active in different temperature windows, thermal switching between their characteristic emission wavelengths is observed for this material. The two mechanisms can be activated by both, one-photon absorption (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) resulting in a large excitement window ranging from ultraviolet (UV) over visible light (VL) to near infrared (NIR). Furthermore, the emission features of the material are pH sensitive, such that its application potential is demonstrated in a first ammonia sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Sun
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qiangsheng Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
| | - Liuli Meng
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yanan Fan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Marcel Mayor
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany
| | - Mei Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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2
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Li Z, Lu J, Li X. Recent Progress in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2024:e202401001. [PMID: 38742479 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a rapidly growing discipline that is expected to become an encouraging noninvasive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In the PDT process, an efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) process for photosensitizers from the singlet excited state (S1) to the triplet excited state (T1) is critical for the formation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and improvement of PDT performance. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules featuring an extremely small singlet-triplet energy gap and an efficient ISC process represent an enormous breakthrough for the PDT process. Consequently, the development of advanced TADF photosensitizers has become increasingly crucial and pressing. The most recent developments in TADF photosensitizers aimed at enhancing PDT efficiency for bio-applications are presented in this review. TADF photosensitizers with water dispersibility, targeting ability, activatable ability, and two-photon excitation properties are highlighted. Furthermore, the future challenges and perspectives of TADF photosensitizers in PDT are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Tai Yuan, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Tai Yuan, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
| | - Xuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Tai Yuan, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, P.R. China
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3
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Luppi BT, Primrose WL, Hudson ZM. Polymer Dots with Delayed Fluorescence and Tunable Cellular Uptake for Photodynamic Therapy and Time-Gated Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400712. [PMID: 38439710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
By combining bioimaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT), it is possible to treat cancer through a theranostic approach with targeted action for minimum invasiveness and side effects. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) probes have gained recent interest in theranostics due to their ability to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) while providing delayed emission that can be used in time-gated imaging. However, it is still challenging to design systems that simultaneously show (1) high contrast for imaging, (2) low dark toxicity but high phototoxicity and (3) tunable biological uptake. Here, we circumvent shortcomings of TADF systems by designing block copolymers and their corresponding semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) that encapsulate a TADF dye in the core and expose an additional boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) oxygen sensitizer in the corona. This architecture provides orange-red luminescent particles (ΦPL up to 18 %) that can efficiently promote PDT (1O2 QY=42 %) of HeLa cells with very low photosensitizer loading (IC50 ~0.05-0.13 μg/mL after 30 min). Additionally, we design Pdots with tunable cellular uptake but similar PDT efficiencies using either polyethylene glycol or guanidinium-based coronas. Finally, we demonstrate that these Pdots can be used for time-gated imaging to effectively filter out background fluorescence from biological samples and improve image contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T Luppi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William L Primrose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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4
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Luo Z, Zhou Z, Pan Y, Zhu Z, Yuan H, Li Y, Feng S, Hong Y, Xu L. Cell-penetrating peptides noncovalently modified red phosphorescent nanoparticles for high-efficiency imaging. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11891-11899. [PMID: 38623284 PMCID: PMC11017195 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of long-lived phosphorescence probes in time-resolved luminescence imaging is limited by their low quantum yield in aqueous solutions. However, sensitization of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials can compensate for this limitation while addressing the issue of insufficient proportion of their own long lifetime. In this study, we utilized the characteristics of phosphorescence and TADF materials simultaneously by doping the receptor iridium complex PMD-Ir into the donor TADF polymer PCzDP-20 through donor-receptor doping method, and successfully prepared highly efficient red phosphorescent nanoparticles. The quantum yield of the nanoparticles obtained by this method reaches up to 30%, and the luminescence lifetime can reach several thousand nanoseconds. Additionally, due to the low concentration doping of PMD-Ir, the risk of transition metal toxicity is greatly reduced. Furthermore, we used non-covalent modification with amphiphilic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to increase the cell membrane permeability of the nanoparticles. The CPPs modified nanoparticles achieve in vivo confocal imaging of zebrafish and intracellular time-resolved imaging by its significantly improved bioimaging capabilities. The functional nanoparticles designing method fully utilizes the characteristics of PMD-Ir, PCzDP-20, and CPPs, solving the problems of low quantum yield and poor membrane permeability of Ir-complex nanoparticles. This will greatly promote the development of time-resolved luminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065 P. R. China
| | - Zhuofan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065 P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065 P. R. China
| | - Zece Zhu
- School of Bioengineering and Health, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 P. R. China
| | - Huanxiang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Yutao Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065 P. R. China
| | - Shumin Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065 P. R. China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065 P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065 P. R. China
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5
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Karak P, Moitra T, Banerjee A, Ruud K, Chakrabarti S. Accidental triplet harvesting in donor-acceptor dyads with low spin-orbit coupling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5344-5355. [PMID: 38268441 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04904c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We present an accidental mechanism for efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) between singlet and triplet states with low spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in molecules having donor-acceptor (D-A) moieties separated by a Sigma bond. Our study shows that SOC between the lowest singlet excited state and the higher-lying triplet states, together with nuclear motion-driven coupling of this triplet state with lower-lying triplet states during the free rotation about a Sigma bond, is one of the possible ways to achieve the experimentally observed ISC rate for a class of D-A type photoredox catalysts. This mechanism is found to be the dominant contributor to the ISC process with the corresponding rate reaching a maximum at a dihedral angle in the range of 72°-78° between the D-A moieties of 10-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,7-diphenyl-10H-phenoxazine and other molecules included in the study. We have further demonstrated that the same mechanism is operative in a specific spirobis[anthracene]dione molecule, where the D and A moieties are interlocked near to the optimal dihedral angle, indicating the plausible effectiveness of the proposed mechanism. The present finding is expected to have implications in strategies for the synthesis of new generations of triplet-harvesting organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijush Karak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Torsha Moitra
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ambar Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, X-ray Photon Science, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, P.O.Box 25, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Swapan Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, India.
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6
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Yang Y, Jiang Q, Zhang F. Nanocrystals for Deep-Tissue In Vivo Luminescence Imaging in the Near-Infrared Region. Chem Rev 2024; 124:554-628. [PMID: 37991799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for both fundamental research and clinical practice. In particular, luminescence imaging in the tissue-transparent near-infrared (NIR, 700-1700 nm) region offers tremendous potential for visualizing biological architectures and pathophysiological events in living subjects with deep tissue penetration and high imaging contrast owing to the reduced light-tissue interactions of absorption, scattering, and autofluorescence. The distinctive quantum effects of nanocrystals have been harnessed to achieve exceptional photophysical properties, establishing them as a promising category of luminescent probes. In this comprehensive review, the interactions between light and biological tissues, as well as the advantages of NIR light for in vivo luminescence imaging, are initially elaborated. Subsequently, we focus on achieving deep tissue penetration and improved imaging contrast by optimizing the performance of nanocrystal fluorophores. The ingenious design strategies of NIR nanocrystal probes are discussed, along with their respective biomedical applications in versatile in vivo luminescence imaging modalities. Finally, thought-provoking reflections on the challenges and prospects for future clinical translation of nanocrystal-based in vivo luminescence imaging in the NIR region are wisely provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Qunying Jiang
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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7
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Das S, Batra A, Kundu S, Sharma R, Patra A. Unveiling autophagy and aging through time-resolved imaging of lysosomal polarity with a delayed fluorescent emitter. Chem Sci 2023; 15:102-112. [PMID: 38131076 PMCID: PMC10732132 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02450d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting the lysosomal microenvironmental changes like viscosity, pH, and polarity during their dynamic interorganelle interactions remains an intriguing area that facilitates the elucidation of cellular homeostasis. The subtle variation of physiological conditions can be assessed by deciphering the lysosomal microenvironments during lysosome-organelle interactions, closely related to autophagic pathways leading to various cellular disorders. Herein, we shed light on the dynamic lysosomal polarity in live cells and a multicellular model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), through time-resolved imaging employing a thermally activated delayed fluorescent probe, DC-Lyso. The highly photostable and cytocompatible DC-Lyso rapidly labels the lysosomes (within 1 min of incubation) and exhibits red luminescence and polarity-sensitive long lifetime under the cellular environment. The distinct variation in the fluorescence lifetime of DC-Lyso suggests an increase in local polarity during the lysosomal dynamics and interorganelle interactions, including lipophagy and mitophagy. The lifetime imaging analysis reveals increasing lysosomal polarity as an indicator for probing the successive development of C. elegans during aging. The in vivo microsecond timescale imaging of various cancerous cell lines and C. elegans, as presented here, therefore, expands the scope of delayed fluorescent emitters for unveiling complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Abhilasha Batra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Subhankar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Rati Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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8
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Shen Y, Yuan L, Wu G, Yuan W, Cheng Z, Yan J, Zhang J, Tao Y, Yu Z. Microdroplet-Facilitated Assembly of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence-Encoded Microparticles with Non-interfering Color Signals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:591-598. [PMID: 36542734 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Encoded microparticles (EMPs) have shown demonstrative value for multiplexed high-throughput bioassays such as drug discovery and diagnostics. Herein, we propose for the first time the incorporation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dyes with low-cost, heavy metal-free, and long-lived luminescence properties into polymer matrices via a microfluidic droplet-facilitated assembly technique. Benefiting from the uniform droplet template sizes and polymer-encapsulated structures, the resulting composite EMPs are highly monodispersed, efficiently shield TADF dyes from singlet oxygen, well preserve TADF emission, and greatly increase the delayed fluorescence lifetime. Furthermore, by combining with phase separation of polymer blends in the drying droplets, TADF dyes with distinct luminescent colors can be spatially separated within each EMP. It eliminates optical signal interference and generates multiple fluorescence colors in a compact system. Additionally, in vitro studies reveal that the resulting EMPs show good biocompatibility and allow cells to adhere and grow on the surface, thereby making them promising optically EMPs for biolabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Guanfu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- Holosensor Medical Ltd., Building 12, 1798 West Zhonghuayuan Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Youtian Tao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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9
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Near-infrared aza-BODIPYs bearing tetraphenylethylene: Synthesis, photophysical studies, and cell imaging application. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Advancing biomedical applications via manipulating intersystem crossing. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Mayder DM, Christopherson CJ, Primrose WL, Lin ASM, Hudson ZM. Polymer dots and glassy organic dots using dibenzodipyridophenazine dyes as water-dispersible TADF probes for cellular imaging. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6496-6506. [PMID: 35979840 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging of living cells is key to better understanding cellular morphology and biological processes. Water-dispersible nanoparticles exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have recently emerged as useful probes for time-resolved fluorescence imaging (TRFI), circumventing interference from biological autofluorescence. Many existing approaches, however, require TADF dyes with specific structural features, precluding many high-performance TADF materials from being used in this application. Here, we describe the synthesis of two TADF emitters based on the rigid and strongly electron-withdrawing dibenzo[a,c]dipyrido[3,2-h:2'-3'-j]phenazine-12-yl (BPPZ) motif, and demonstrate two parallel approaches for the encapsulation of these fluorophores to yield water-dispersible nanoparticles suitable for TRFI. First, fluorescent polymer dots (Pdots) were formed by dye encapsulation within cell-penetrating amphiphilic copolymers. Glassy organic nanoparticles (g-Odots) were also prepared, giving nanoparticles with higher photoluminescence quantum yields and improved colour purity. Both approaches yielded nanoparticles suitable for imaging, with reasonable uptake and cytotoxicity on the timescale of standard imaging experiments using human cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines. This work demonstrates two flexible strategies for preparing water-dispersible TADF nanoparticles for TRFI, both of which should be readily adaptable to nearly any existing hydrophobic TADF dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don M Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Cheyenne J Christopherson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - William L Primrose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Angela S-M Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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12
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Song F, Ou X, Chou TY, Liu J, Gao H, Zhang R, Huang X, Zhao Z, Sun J, Chen S, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Oxygen Quenching-Resistant Nanoaggregates with Aggregation-Induced Delayed Fluorescence for Time-Resolved Mapping of Intracellular Microviscosity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6176-6184. [PMID: 35318852 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microviscosity is a fundamental parameter in the biophysics of life science and governs numerous cellular processes. Thus, the development of real-time quantitative monitoring of microviscosity inside cells is important. The traditional probes for detecting microviscosity via time-resolved luminescence imaging (TRLI) are generally disturbed by autofluorescence or surrounding oxygen in cells. Herein, we developed loose packing nanoaggregates with aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence (FKP-POA and FKP-PTA) and free from the effect of oxygen and autofluorescence for viscosity mapping via TRLI. The feasibility of FKP-PTA nanoparticles (NPs) for microviscosity mapping through TRLI was demonstrated by monitoring the variation of microviscosity inside HepG2 cancer cells, which demonstrated a value change from 14.9 cP to 216.9 cP during the apoptosis. This indicates that FKP-PTA NP can be used as a probe for cellular microviscosity mapping to help people to understand the physiologically dynamic microenvironment. The present results are expected to promote the advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic methods to cope with related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xinwen Ou
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tsu Yu Chou
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ruoyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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13
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Liu Q, Yang M, Meng X, Han X, Nazare M, Xu Y, Hu HY, Zhang Q. Donor manipulation for constructing a pH sensing thermally activated delayed fluorescent probe to detect alkaliphiles. Talanta 2022; 246:123493. [PMID: 35489098 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
pH homeostasis is essential for alkaliphiles, given their widespread use in biotechnological applications. However, quantitative monitoring of alkaline pH in alkaliphiles remains challenging. Here, we synthesized for the first time, a thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) pH probe: NI-D-OH. Our probe exhibits a good linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and pH in the neutral to alkaline range (pH 7.0-8.6), as well as long-lived TADF emission. We further show that NI-D-OH can be used to monitor intracellular pH in living organisms, and evaluate the effect of Na+ on the pH homeostasis, demonstrating the potential for alkaline pH monitoring and time-resolved fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangchuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Marc Nazare
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Youjun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hai-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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14
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Fang F, Yuan Y, Wan Y, Li J, Song Y, Chen WC, Zhao D, Chi Y, Li M, Lee CS, Zhang J. Near-Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Nanoparticle: A Metal-Free Photosensitizer for Two-Photon-Activated Photodynamic Therapy at the Cell and Small Animal Levels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106215. [PMID: 35018711 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with extremely small singlet-triplet energy offsets have opened new horizons for the development of metal-free photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in recent years. However, the exploration of near-infrared (NIR) TADF emitters for efficient two-photon-excited (TPE) PDT is still a formidable challenge, thus it has not been reported yet. In this study, purely organic photosensitizers (PSs) based on the TADF nanoparticles (NIR-TADF NPs) are designed for efficient TPE-PDT, which show excellent singlet oxygen generation ability. Thanks to the intrinsic two-photon excitation and NIR emission characteristics, the NIR-TADF NPs demonstrate promising potential in both single-photon-excited (SPE) and TPE NIR imaging. More importantly, the anti-tumor efficiency and biosafety of TADF-based PSs at the small animal level are confirmed in A549 tumor xenograft models under TPE laser irradiance, which will facilitate the practical biomedical applications of TADF materials. This work not only provides a promising strategy to develop metal-free PSs, but also expands the applied scope of TADF-based nanotherapeutics and advances their possible clinical translation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingpeng Wan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Menglin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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15
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Xu W, Chen Y, Lu Y, Qin Y, Zhang H, Xu X, Liu Y. Tunable Second‐Level Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Solid Supramolecules between Acrylamide–Phenylpyridium Copolymers and Cucurbit[7]uril. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Wen Xu
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yi‐Lin Lu
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yue‐Xiu Qin
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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16
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A New Entry to Purely Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on Pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine–Dihydrophenazasilines Donor–Acceptor Dyad. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Xu WW, Chen Y, Lu YL, Qin YX, Zhang H, Xu X, Liu Y. Tunable Second-Level Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Solid Supramolecules between Acrylamide-Phenylpyridium Copolymers and Cucurbit[7]uril. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115265. [PMID: 34874598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of solid supramolecules based on acrylamide-phenylpyridium copolymers with various substituent groups (P-R: R=-CN, -CO2 Et, -Me, -CF3 ) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) are constructed to exhibit tunable second-level (from 0.9 s to 2.2 s) room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in the amorphous state. Compared with other solid supramolecules P-R/CB[7] (R=-CN, -CO2 Et, -Me), P-CF3 /CB[7] displays the longest lifetime (2.2 s), which is probably attributed to the fluorophilic interaction of cucurbiturils leading to a uncommon host-guest interaction between 4-phenylpyridium with -CF3 and CB[7]. Furthermore, the RTP solid supramolecular assembly (donors) can further react with organic dyes Eosin Y or SR101 (acceptors) to form ternary supramolecular systems featuring ultralong phosphorescence energy transfer (PpET) and visible delayed fluorescence (yellow for EY at 568 nm and red for SR101 at 620 nm). Significantly, the ultralong multicolor PpET supramolecular assembly can be further applied in fields of anti-counterfeiting and information encryption and painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi-Lin Lu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yue-Xiu Qin
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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18
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Fang F, Zhu L, Li M, Song Y, Sun M, Zhao D, Zhang J. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material: An Emerging Class of Metal-Free Luminophores for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102970. [PMID: 34705318 PMCID: PMC8693050 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of simple, efficient, and biocompatible organic luminescent molecules is of great significance to the clinical transformation of biomaterials. In recent years, purely organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with an extremely small single-triplet energy gap (ΔEST ) have been considered as the most promising new-generation electroluminescence emitters, which is an enormous breakthrough in organic optoelectronics. By merits of the unique photophysical properties, high structure flexibility, and reduced health risks, such metal-free TADF luminophores have attracted tremendous attention in biomedical fields, including conventional fluorescence imaging, time-resolved imaging and sensing, and photodynamic therapy. However, there is currently no systematic summary of the TADF materials for biomedical applications, which is presented in this review. Besides a brief introduction of the major developments of TADF material, the typical TADF mechanisms and fundamental principles on design strategies of TADF molecules and nanomaterials are subsequently described. Importantly, a specific emphasis is placed on the discussion of TADF materials for various biomedical applications. Finally, the authors make a forecast of the remaining challenges and future developments. This review provides insightful perspectives and clear prospects towards the rapid development of TADF materials in biomedicine, which will be highly valuable to exploit new luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
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19
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Abstract
Optical imaging is an indispensable tool in clinical diagnostics and fundamental biomedical research. Autofluorescence-free optical imaging, which eliminates real-time optical excitation to minimize background noise, enables clear visualization of biological architecture and physiopathological events deep within living subjects. Molecular probes especially developed for autofluorescence-free optical imaging have been proven to remarkably improve the imaging sensitivity, penetration depth, target specificity, and multiplexing capability. In this Review, we focus on the advancements of autofluorescence-free molecular probes through the lens of particular molecular or photophysical mechanisms that produce long-lasting luminescence after the cessation of light excitation. The versatile design strategies of these molecular probes are discussed along with a broad range of biological applications. Finally, challenges and perspectives are discussed to further advance the next-generation autofluorescence-free molecular probes for in vivo imaging and in vitro biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Jiang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore.,School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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20
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Ma H, Long S, Cao J, Xu F, Zhou P, Zeng G, Zhou X, Shi C, Sun W, Du J, Han K, Fan J, Peng X. New Cy5 photosensitizers for cancer phototherapy: a low singlet-triplet gap provides high quantum yield of singlet oxygen. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13809-13816. [PMID: 34760166 PMCID: PMC8549779 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient triplet photosensitizers (PSs) have attracted increasing attention in cancer photodynamic therapy where photo-induced reactive oxygen species (ROSs, such as singlet oxygen) are produced via singlet–triplet intersystem crossing (ISC) of the excited photosensitizer to kill cancer cells. However, most PSs exhibit the fatal defect of a generally less-than-1% efficiency of ISC and low yield of ROSs, and this defect strongly impedes their clinical application. In the current work, a new strategy to enhance the ISC and high phototherapy efficiency has been developed, based on the molecular design of a thio-pentamethine cyanine dye (TCy5) as a photosensitizer. The introduction of an electron-withdrawing group at the meso-position of TCy5 could dramatically reduce the singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEst) value (from 0.63 eV to as low as 0.14 eV), speed up the ISC process (τISC = 1.7 ps), prolong the lifetime of the triplet state (τT = 319 μs) and improve singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield to as high as 99%, a value much higher than those of most reported triplet PSs. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that TCy5-CHO, with its efficient 1O2 generation and good biocompatibility, causes an intense tumor ablation in mice. This provides a new strategy for designing ideal PSs for cancer photo-therapy. The electron-withdrawing group at the meso-position of Thio-Cy5 could dramatically reduce the singlet–triplet energy gap, and speed up the intersystem crossing process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jianfang Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Panjin Campus Panjin 124221 China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Guang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Keli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457, Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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21
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Smith PO, Black DJ, Pal R, Avó J, Dias FB, Linthwaite VL, Cann MJ, Pålsson LO. Applying TADF Emitters in Bioimaging and Sensing-A Novel Approach Using Liposomes for Encapsulation and Cellular Uptake. Front Chem 2021; 9:743928. [PMID: 34540809 PMCID: PMC8440804 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.743928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for facilitating the delivery, uptake and intracellular localisation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) complexes was developed. First, confinement of TADF complexes in liposomes was demonstrated, which were subsequently used as the delivery vehicle for cellular uptake. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed TADF complexes subsequently localise in the cytoplasm of HepG2 cells. The procedures developed in this work included the removal of molecular oxygen in the liposome preparation without disrupting the liposome structures. Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy (point scanning) showed initial prompt fluorescence followed by a weak, but detectable, delayed fluorescence component for liposomal TADF internalised in HepG2 cells. By demonstrating that it is possible to deliver un-functionalised and/or unshielded TADF complexes, a sensing function for TADFs, such as molecular oxygen, can be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy O Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic J Black
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - João Avó
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando B Dias
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin J Cann
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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22
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Chen YK, Jayakumar J, Hsieh CM, Wu TL, Liao CC, Pandidurai J, Ko CL, Hung WY, Cheng CH. Triarylamine-Pyridine-Carbonitriles for Organic Light-Emitting Devices with EQE Nearly 40. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008032. [PMID: 34297444 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules are in urgent demand for solid-state lighting and full-color displays. Here, the design and synthesis of three triarylamine-pyridine-carbonitrile-based TADF compounds, TPAPPC, TPAmPPC, and tTPAmPPC, are shown. They exhibit excellent photoluminescence quantum yields of 79-100% with small ΔEST values, fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), and high horizontal dipole ratios (Θ// = 86-88%) in the thin films leading to the enhancement of device light outcoupling. Consequently, a green organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on TPAmPPC shows a high average external quantum efficiency of 38.8 ± 0.6%, a current efficiency of 130.1 ± 2.1 cd A-1 , and a power efficiency of 136.3 ± 2.2 lm W-1 . The highest device efficiency of 39.8% appears to be record-breaking among TADF-based OLEDs to date. In addition, the TPAmPPC-based device shows superior operation lifetime and high-temperature resistance. It is worth noting that the TPA-PPC-based materials have excellent optical properties and the potential for making them strong candidates for TADF practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jayachandran Jayakumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chun-Cheng Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jayabalan Pandidurai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Lun Ko
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Hung
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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23
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Paisley NR, Halldorson SV, Tran MV, Gupta R, Kamal S, Algar WR, Hudson ZM. Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Boron‐Difluoride‐Curcuminoid‐Based Polymers Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence as Biological Imaging Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Paisley
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Sarah V. Halldorson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Michael V. Tran
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - W. Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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24
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Christopherson CJ, Paisley NR, Xiao Z, Algar WR, Hudson ZM. Red-Emissive Cell-Penetrating Polymer Dots Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Cellular Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13342-13349. [PMID: 34382775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in living cells is key to understanding many biological processes, yet autofluorescence from the sample can lower sensitivity and hinder high-resolution imaging. Time-gated measurements using phosphorescent metal complexes can improve imaging, at the cost of potential toxicity from the use of heavy metals. Here, we describe orange/red-emitting polymer dots (Pdots) exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) for time-gated imaging. Inspired by the cell invasion mechanism of the HIV TAT protein, the Pdots were formed from block copolymers composed of a hydrophilic guanidine-rich block as a cell-penetrating peptide mimic, and a rigid organic semiconductor block to provide efficient delayed fluorescence. These all-organic polymer nanoparticles were shown to efficiently enter HeLa, CHO, and HepG2 cells within 30 min, with cell viabilities remaining high for Pdot concentrations up to 25 mg mL-1. Pdot quantum yields were as high as 0.17 in aerated water, with the Pdot structure effectively shielding the TADF emitters from quenching by oxygen. Colocalization experiments revealed that the Pdots primarily accumulate outside of lysosomes, minimizing lysosomal degradation. When used for fixed cellular imaging, Pdot-incubated cells showed high signal-to-background ratios compared to control samples with no Pdot exposure. Using time-resolved spectroscopy, the delayed emission of the TADF materials was effectively separated from that of both a biological serum and a secondary fluorescent dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne J Christopherson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Nathan R Paisley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Zhujun Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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25
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Paisley NR, Halldorson SV, Tran MV, Gupta R, Kamal S, Algar WR, Hudson ZM. Near-Infrared-Emitting Boron-Difluoride-Curcuminoid-Based Polymers Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence as Biological Imaging Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18630-18638. [PMID: 34133838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared-emitting polymers were prepared using four boron-difluoride-curcuminoid-based monomers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Well-defined polymers with molecular weights of ≈20 kDa and dispersities <1.07 were produced and exhibited near-infrared (NIR) emission in solution and in the solid state with photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL ) as high as 0.72 and 0.18, respectively. Time-resolved emission spectroscopy revealed thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in polymers containing highly planar dopants, whereas room-temperature phosphorescence dominated with twisted species. Density functional theory demonstrated that rotation about the donor-acceptor linker can give rise to TADF, even where none would be expected based on calculations using ground-state geometries. Incorporation of TADF-active materials into water-soluble polymer dots (Pdots) gave NIR-emissive nanoparticles, and conjugation of these Pdots with antibodies enabled immunofluorescent labeling of SK-BR3 human breast-cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Paisley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sarah V Halldorson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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26
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Comerford TA, Zysman-Colman E. Supramolecular Assemblies Showing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Comerford
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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27
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhang R, Zhao D, Yan Q. White Light Luminescence from a Homo-conjugated Molecule with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1893-1896. [PMID: 34014616 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Luminophores with tunable emission properties are appealing due to various applications. Among those properties, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has been attracting enormous research interests. Herein, we synthesized a 9,9'-spirobifluorene based homo-conjugated molecule 1, which connects a diphenylamino moiety as electron donor and a naphthalimide group as electron acceptor via 2,2'-positions of spirofluorene. Compound 1 displays dual emission behaviour with both blue and orange fluorescence. The one orange fluorescence around 555 nmshows sensitivity to oxygen and a prolonged lifetime of 284 ns in degassed toluene. Such characteristics imply TADF nature for this emission from a charge-transfer excited state. The other emission at 440 nm with blue colour displayed resistance to oxygen quenching and a normal fluorescence lifetime of 1.5 ns. Compared with control molecule, this emission band is assigned as conventional fluorescence from a localized excited state. In addition, dual emission property allows molecule 1 to be modulated to emit white photoluminescence in thin film with a CIE color coordinate of (0.25, 0.33).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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28
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Versatile Direct Cyclization Constructs Spiro‐acridan Derivatives for Highly Efficient TADF emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Perrigue PM, Murray RA, Mielcarek A, Henschke A, Moya SE. Degradation of Drug Delivery Nanocarriers and Payload Release: A Review of Physical Methods for Tracing Nanocarrier Biological Fate. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:770. [PMID: 34064155 PMCID: PMC8224277 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoformulations offer multiple advantages over conventional drug delivery, enhancing solubility, biocompatibility, and bioavailability of drugs. Nanocarriers can be engineered with targeting ligands for reaching specific tissue or cells, thus reducing the side effects of payloads. Following systemic delivery, nanocarriers must deliver encapsulated drugs, usually through nanocarrier degradation. A premature degradation, or the loss of the nanocarrier coating, may prevent the drug's delivery to the targeted tissue. Despite their importance, stability and degradation of nanocarriers in biological environments are largely not studied in the literature. Here we review techniques for tracing the fate of nanocarriers, focusing on nanocarrier degradation and drug release both intracellularly and in vivo. Intracellularly, we will discuss different fluorescence techniques: confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, lifetime imaging, flow cytometry, etc. We also consider confocal Raman microscopy as a label-free technique to trace colocalization of nanocarriers and drugs. In vivo we will consider fluorescence and nuclear imaging for tracing nanocarriers. Positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography are used for a quantitative assessment of nanocarrier and payload biodistribution. Strategies for dual radiolabelling of the nanocarriers and the payload for tracing carrier degradation, as well as the efficacy of the payload delivery in vivo, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Perrigue
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (P.M.P.); (A.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Richard A. Murray
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Angelika Mielcarek
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (P.M.P.); (A.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Agata Henschke
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (P.M.P.); (A.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Sergio E. Moya
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (P.M.P.); (A.M.); (A.H.)
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
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30
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Liu H, Liu Z, Li G, Huang H, Zhou C, Wang Z, Yang C. Versatile Direct Cyclization Constructs Spiro‐acridan Derivatives for Highly Efficient TADF emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12376-12380. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Ganggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Huaina Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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31
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Wang Y, Xia K, Wang L, Wu M, Sang X, Wan K, Zhang X, Liu X, Wei G. Peptide-Engineered Fluorescent Nanomaterials: Structure Design, Function Tailoring, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005578. [PMID: 33448113 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanomaterials have exhibited promising applications in biomedical and tissue engineering fields. To improve the properties and expand bioapplications of fluorescent nanomaterials, various functionalization and biomodification strategies have been utilized to engineer the structure and function of fluorescent nanomaterials. Due to their high biocompatibility, satisfied bioactivity, unique biomimetic function, easy structural tailoring, and controlled self-assembly ability, supramolecular peptides are widely used as versatile modification agents and nanoscale building blocks for engineering fluorescent nanomaterials. In this work, recent advance in the synthesis, structure, function, and biomedical applications of peptide-engineered fluorescent nanomaterials is presented. Firstly, the types of different fluorescent nanomaterials are introduced. Then, potential strategies for the preparation of peptide-engineered fluorescent nanomaterials via templated synthesis, bioinspired conjugation, and peptide assembly-assisted synthesis are discussed. After that, the unique structure and functions through the peptide conjugation with fluorescent nanomaterials are demonstrated. Finally, the biomedical applications of peptide-engineered fluorescent nanomaterials in bioimaging, disease diagnostics and therapy, drug delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial test, and biosensing are presented and discussed in detail. It is helpful for readers to understand the peptide-based conjugation and bioinspired synthesis of fluorescent nanomaterials, and to design and synthesize novel hybrid bionanomaterials with special structures and improved functions for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Luchen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Mingxue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiujie Sang
- Department of Food and Medicine, Weifang Vocational College, Weifang, 262737, P. R. China
| | - Keming Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
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32
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Li Z, Huang B, Wang Y, Yuan W, Wu Y, Yu R, Xing G, Zou T, Tao Y. Design, synthesis and application in biological imaging of a novel red fluorescent dye based on a rhodanine derivative. RSC Adv 2020; 11:160-163. [PMID: 35423009 PMCID: PMC8690906 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08998b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel acceptor–donor–acceptor type molecule, namely 2-triphenylamine-1,3-dia[2-(3-ethyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-malononitrile] (2RDNTPA), is designed and synthesized. 2RDNTPA exhibits a large Stokes shift of 244 nm and red fluorescence emission of 629 nm with a decent photoluminescence quantum yield of 13%. Furthermore, as a potential red fluorescent dye, 2RDNTPA can be applied in fluorescence imaging of living cancer cells (HepG2) with negligible cytotoxicity and a half maximal inhibitory concentration much more than 100 μM. 2RDNTPA can be applied in fluorescence imaging of living cancer cells (HepG2) with red emission of 620 nm and negligible cytotoxicity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration much more than 100 μM.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecule, Jiangsu Second Normal University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yijing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau Macao SAR 999078 China
| | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Youtian Tao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing P. R. China
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33
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Izumi S, Nyga A, de Silva P, Tohnai N, Minakata S, Data P, Takeda Y. Revealing Topological Influence of Phenylenediamine Unit on Physicochemical Properties of Donor-Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Macrocycles. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4098-4103. [PMID: 33094560 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-displaying macrocyclic compound m-1 comprising of two electron-donors (N,N'-diphenyl-m-phenylenediamine) and two electron-acceptors (dibenzo[a,j]phenazine) has been synthesized. The macrocycle developed herein is regarded as a regioisomer of the previously reported TADF macrocycle p-1, which has two N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamines as the donors. To understand the influence of the topology of the phenylenediamine donors on physicochemical properties of TADF-active macrocycles, herein the molecular structure in the single crystals, photophysical properties, electrochemical behavior, and TADF properties of m-1 have been investigated compared with those of p-1. The substitution of p-phenylene donor with m-phenylene donor led to distinct positive solvatoluminochromism over the full visible-color range, unique oxidative electropolymerization, and slightly lower contribution of TADF, due to the lower CT character in the excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saika Izumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| | - Aleksandra Nyga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr de Silva
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 301, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Science, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
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34
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Nguyen VN, Kumar A, Lee MH, Yoon J. Recent advances in biomedical applications of organic fluorescence materials with reduced singlet–triplet energy gaps. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Luminescent probes for luminescence lifetime sensing and imaging in live cells: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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36
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Qi S, Kim S, Nguyen VN, Kim Y, Niu G, Kim G, Kim SJ, Park S, Yoon J. Highly Efficient Aggregation-Induced Red-Emissive Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials with Prolonged Fluorescence Lifetime for Time-Resolved Luminescence Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:51293-51301. [PMID: 33156606 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are emerging as potential candidates for time-resolved fluorescence imaging in biological systems. However, the development of purely organic TADF materials with bright aggregated-state emissions in the red/near-infrared (NIR) region remains challenging. Here, we report three donor-acceptor-type TADF molecules as promising candidates for time-resolved fluorescence imaging, which are engineered by direct connection of electron-donating moieties (phenoxazine or phenothiazine) and an electron-acceptor 1,8-naphthalimide (NI). Theoretically and experimentally, we elucidate that three TADF materials possessed remarkably small ΔEST to promote the occurrence of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Moreover, they all exhibit aggregation-induced red emissions and long delayed fluorescence lifetimes without the influence of molecular oxygen. More importantly, these long-lived and biocompatible TADF materials, especially the phenoxazine-substituted NI fluorophores, show great potential for high-contrast fluorescence lifetime imaging in living cells. This study provides further a molecular design strategy for purely organic TADF materials and expands the versatile biological application of long-lived fluorescence research in time-resolved luminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Guangle Niu
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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37
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Avellanal‐Zaballa E, Prieto‐Castañeda A, García‐Garrido F, Agarrabeitia AR, Rebollar E, Bañuelos J, García‐Moreno I, Ortiz MJ. Red/NIR Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Aza‐BODIPYs. Chemistry 2020; 26:16080-16088. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esther Rebollar
- Dpto, de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada Instituto Química-Física “Rocasolano”, IQFR-CSIC Serrano 119 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Dpto. Química Física Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Aptdo 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Inmaculada García‐Moreno
- Dpto, de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada Instituto Química-Física “Rocasolano”, IQFR-CSIC Serrano 119 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - María J. Ortiz
- Dpto. Química Orgánica Universidad Complutense Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28006 Madrid Spain
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38
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Mayder DM, Tonge CM, Hudson ZM. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles with π-Extended Donors. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11094-11103. [PMID: 32813517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the synthesis of five 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based donor-acceptor materials, using dendritic carbazole-based donors 9'H-9,3':6'9″-tercarbazole (terCBz) and N3,N3,N6,N6-tetra-p-tolyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-diamine (TTAC). Due to the strongly donating and highly twisted nature of the TTAC donor as well as the spatially separated hole-particle wavefunctions, three of the five compounds exhibited thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in spite of a relatively large ΔEST measured through phosphorimetry (0.33-0.37 eV). These materials demonstrated photoluminescence quantum yields as high as 0.89 in toluene, with emission maxima ranging from 474 to 495 nm in the solid state. Additionally, two materials containing only terCBZ donor(s) exhibited deep blue fluorescence, with Commission Internationale de l'éclairage coordinates of (0.16, 0.05); the weaker nature of the terCBz donor results in a prohibitively large ΔEST (0.68-0.77 eV). A gap-tuned range-separated hybrid functional (ωB97XD*) was used to rigorously calculate triplet energies, while a systematic analysis of electronic structures and photophysical properties provided further insight into the properties of these materials. These findings ultimately contribute a synthetically facile approach toward highly emissive TADF emitters using a 1,3,4-oxadiazole motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don M Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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39
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Luo M, Li X, Ding L, Baryshnikov G, Shen S, Zhu M, Zhou L, Zhang M, Lu J, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Integrating Time‐Resolved Imaging Information by Single‐Luminophore Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xu‐dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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40
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Luo M, Li X, Ding L, Baryshnikov G, Shen S, Zhu M, Zhou L, Zhang M, Lu J, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Integrating Time‐Resolved Imaging Information by Single‐Luminophore Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17018-17025. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xu‐dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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41
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Zhou P, Zheng D, Wang H, Tang S, Tian J, Yang S, Deng W, Han K, Song F. Enhancing Intersystem Crossing to Achieve Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in a Water-Soluble Fluorescein Derivative with a Flexible Propenyl Group. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5692-5698. [PMID: 32568552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenge to rationally design an organic molecule with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) due to the intrinsically spin-forbidden transition. Meanwhile, those reported TADF organic molecules have difficulty to be directly applied in the field of biological and medical imaging because they usually have no water solubility. Here, a water-soluble TADF organic molecule DCF-BXJ was developed by introducing a flexible propenyl group into the commercial traditional fluorophore DCF (2,7-dichlorofluorescein). The flexible group provides nonradiative rotational motion, which causes an efficient energy level cross between the S1 state and the T2 state of DCF-BXJ. Results of transient absorption spectra and theoretical calculations supported that nonradiative rotational motion of the flexible group can enhance intersystem crossing (ISC) and bring out TADF. This work provides a new mechanism explanation for TADF existing in organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanliang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Daoyuan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shanliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiarui Tian
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Songqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqiao Deng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Keli Han
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian 116024, China
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42
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Barman D, Gogoi R, Narang K, Iyer PK. Recent Developments on Multi-Functional Metal-Free Mechanochromic Luminescence and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Materials. Front Chem 2020; 8:483. [PMID: 32695743 PMCID: PMC7338664 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-free organic compounds with highly ordered π-conjugated twisted skeletons are capable of generating brilliant multi-colored light. Additionally, the co-existence of numerous other multi-functional properties have endowed them with the potential to be a promising class of materials for several electronic and photonic applications and next-generation advanced luminescent material-based devices. This review highlights the recent developments made in this fascinating class of multi-property encompassing materials, involving a highly twisted donor-acceptor based single molecular platform with synchronized photophysical behavior such as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), mechanoresponsive (MR), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and aggregation induced emission (AIE) with associated unique and inherently manifested structure-property relationship investigations. Furthermore, a brief summary of the optoelectronic behavior of TADF materials are also presented by correlating their performances in the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and corresponding EL devices. In addition to mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) with TADF behavior, new types of emitters are also being developed, with tunable color changes such as blue-green, yellow-orange, yellow-red, etc., with some emitters crossing the entire visible span to produce white OLEDs. These developments have enriched the library of fascinating organic materials in addition to providing new directions of multifunctional material design for solutions processed OLED and several other advanced devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Rajdikshit Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Kavita Narang
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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43
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Xu S, Zhang Q, Han X, Wang Y, Wang X, Nazare M, Jiang JD, Hu HY. Dual-Mode Detection of Bacterial 16S Ribosomal RNA in Tissues. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1650-1656. [PMID: 32466642 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The specific detection of pathogens has long been recognized as a vital strategy for controlling bacterial infections. Herein, a novel hydrophilic aromatic-imide-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) probe, AI-Cz-Neo, is designed and synthesized by the conjugation of a TADF emitter with a bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA-targeted moiety, neomycin. Biological data showed for the first time that AI-Cz-Neo could be successfully applied for the dual-mode detection of bacterial 16S rRNA using confocal fluorescence imaging and time-resolved fluorescence imaging (TRFI) in both cells and tissues. These findings greatly expand the application of TADF fluorophores in time-resolved biological imaging and provide a promising strategy for the precise and reliable diagnosis of bacterial infections based on the dual-mode imaging of bacterial 16S rRNA by fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Marc Nazare
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hai-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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44
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Crucho CIC, Avó J, Diniz AM, Pinto SN, Barbosa J, Smith PO, Berberan-Santos MN, Pålsson LO, Dias FB. TADF Dye-Loaded Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Live-Cell Imaging. Front Chem 2020; 8:404. [PMID: 32457878 PMCID: PMC7227253 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules offer nowadays a powerful tool in the development of novel organic light emitting diodes due to their capability of harvesting energy from non-emissive triplet states without using heavy-metal complexes. TADF emitters have very small energy difference between the singlet and triplet excited states, which makes thermally activated reverse intersystem crossing from the triplet states back to the singlet manifold viable. This mechanism generates a long-lived delayed fluorescence component which can be explored in the sensing of oxygen concentration, local temperature, or used in time-gated optical cell-imaging, to suppress interference from autofluorescence and scattering. Despite this strong potential, until recently the application of TADF outside lighting devices has been hindered due to the low biocompatibility, low aqueous solubility and poor performance in polar media shown by the vast majority of TADF emitters. To achieve TADF luminescence in biological media, careful selection or design of emitters is required. Unfortunately, most TADF molecules are not emissive in polar media, thus complexation with biomolecules or the formation of emissive aggregate states is required, in order to retain the delayed fluorescence that is characteristic of these compounds. Herein, we demonstrate a facile method with great generalization potential that maintains the photophysical properties of solvated dyes by combining luminescent molecules with polymeric nanoparticles. Using an established swelling procedure, two known TADF emitters are loaded onto polystyrene nanoparticles to prepare TADF emitting nanomaterials able to be used in live-cell imaging. The obtained particles were characterized by optical spectroscopy and exhibited the desired TADF emission in aqueous media, due to the polymeric matrix shielding the dye from solvent polarity effects. The prepared nanoparticles were incubated with live human cancer cells and showed very low cytotoxicity and good cellular uptake, thus making fluorescence microscopy imaging possible at low dye concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina I C Crucho
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Avó
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Diniz
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Barbosa
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Poppy O Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Mário Nuno Berberan-Santos
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando B Dias
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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45
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Paisley NR, Tonge CM, Hudson ZM. Stimuli-Responsive Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Polymer Nanoparticles and Thin Films: Applications in Chemical Sensing and Imaging. Front Chem 2020; 8:229. [PMID: 32328478 PMCID: PMC7160361 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though molecules exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have seen extensive development in organic light-emitting diodes, their incorporation into polymer nanomaterials and thin films has led to a range of applications in sensing and imaging probes. Triplet quenching can be used to probe oxygen concentration, and the reverse intersystem crossing mechanism which gives rise to TADF can also be used to measure temperature. Moreover, the long emission lifetimes of TADF materials allows for noise reduction in time-gated microscopy, making these compounds ideal for time-resolved fluorescence imaging (TRFI). A polymer matrix enables control over energy transfer between molecules, and can be used to modulate TADF behavior, solubility, biocompatibility, or desirable mechanical properties. Additionally, a polymer's oxygen permeability can be tuned to suit imaging applications in a range of media. Here we review the applications of polymer nanoparticles and films exhibiting TADF in sensing and imaging, demonstrating that this class of materials has great potential beyond electroluminescent devices still waiting to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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46
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Li X, Baryshnikov G, Ding L, Bao X, Li X, Lu J, Liu M, Shen S, Luo M, Zhang M, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Dual-Phase Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens: A Material for Time-Resolved Imaging Independent of Probe Pretreatment and Probe Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7548-7554. [PMID: 32073698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing luminescent probes with long lifetime and high emission efficiency is essential for time-resolved imaging. However, the practical applications usually suffer from emission quenching of traditional luminogens in aggregated states, or from weak emission of aggregation-induced emission type luminogens in monomeric states. Herein, we overcome this dilemma by a rigid-and-flexible alternation design in donor-acceptor-donor skeletons, to achieve a thermally activated delayed fluorescence luminogen with high emission efficiency both in the monomeric state (quantum yield up to 35.3 %) and in the aggregated state (quantum yield up to 30.8 %). Such a dual-phase strong and long-lived emission allows a time-resolved luminescence imaging, with an efficiency independent of probe pretreatment and probe concentration. The findings open opportunities for developing luminescent probes with a usage in larger temporal and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Miaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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47
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Li X, Baryshnikov G, Ding L, Bao X, Li X, Lu J, Liu M, Shen S, Luo M, Zhang M, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Dual‐Phase Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens: A Material for Time‐Resolved Imaging Independent of Probe Pretreatment and Probe Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Miaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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48
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Franco O, Jakoby M, Schneider RV, Hundemer F, Hahn D, Richards BS, Bräse S, Meier MAR, Lemmer U, Howard IA. Sensitizing TADF Absorption Using Variable Length Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Antennae. Front Chem 2020; 8:126. [PMID: 32175310 PMCID: PMC7054278 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials can also make good photonic markers. Time-gated measurement of their delayed emission enables “background-free” imaging in, for example, biological systems, because no naturally-occurring compounds exhibit such long-lived emission. Attaching a strongly-absorbing antenna, such as a phenylene ethynylene oligomer, to the TADF core would be of interest to increase their brightness as photonic markers. With this motivation, we study a sequence of TADF-oligomer conjugates with oligomers of varying length and show that, even when the absorption of the oligomer is almost resonant with the charge-transfer absorption of the TADF core, the antenna transfers energy to the TADF core. We study this series of compounds with time resolved emission and transient absorption spectroscopy and find that the delayed fluorescence is essentially turned-off for the longer antennae. Interestingly, we find that the turn-off of the delayed fluorescence is not caused by quenching of the TADF charge-transfer triplet state due to triplet energy transfer of the lower-lying triplet state to the antenna, but must be associated with a decrease in the reverse intersystem crossing rate. These results are of relevance for the further development of TADF “dyes” and also, in the broader context, for understanding the dynamics of TADF molecules in the vicinity of energy donors/acceptors (i.e., in fluorescent OLEDs wherein TADF molecules are used as an assistant dopant).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Franco
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rebekka V Schneider
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fabian Hundemer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Hahn
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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49
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Tonge CM, Paisley NR, Polgar AM, Lix K, Algar WR, Hudson ZM. Color-Tunable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Oxadiazole-Based Acrylic Copolymers: Photophysical Properties and Applications in Ratiometric Oxygen Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6525-6535. [PMID: 31989816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based emitters are a promising route to the production of low-cost, scalable solution-processable luminescent materials. Here we describe a series of acrylic oxadiazole-based donor-acceptor monomers with tunable emission from blue to orange, with quantum yields as high as 96%. By introducing structural constraints that limit donor-acceptor orbital overlap, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was observed in these materials. Polymerization by Cu(0) reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) gave high-molecular-weight copolymers (Mn > 20 kDa) with dispersities ranging from 1.10 to 1.45, using a room-temperature procedure with Cu wire as a catalyst. One of these materials, which had phenothiazine as donor moiety, exhibited conformationally dependent dual emission, giving a mixture of prompt fluorescence and delayed fluorescence peaks, whose relative ratios varied based on the amount of O2 present during measurement. We demonstrate that this material can combine prompt and delayed fluorescence to act as a single-component, all-organic, ratiometric oxygen sensor without external calibrant. Application to ratiometric oxygen sensing is demonstrated both using a polymer thin film and via incorporation of this material into water-soluble polymer dots (Pdots), with a ratiometric response to O2 throughout the range of partial pressures relevant to biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Tonge
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Nathan R Paisley
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Alexander M Polgar
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
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50
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Tu TT, Lei YM, Chai YQ, Zhuo Y, Yuan R. Organic Dots Embedded in Mesostructured Silica Xerogel as High-Performance ECL Emitters: Preparation and Application for MicroRNA-126 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3945-3952. [PMID: 31877251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the organic micro/nanocrystals prepared using an emerging reprecipitation method, a novel method of embedding 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde dots (PycDs) into a mesostructured silica xerogel (PycDs@MSX) for use as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters was first proposed to achieve an extremely strong ECL response, with peroxydisulfate (S2O82-) used as a coreactant. In this method, (i) PycDs@MSX could ensure the reversal of the PycDs environment from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and (ii) PycDs@MSX could provide massive porous channels, allowing for access of hydrophilic reactive intermediates (i.e., sulfate anion radicals, SO4•-), which could accelerate the rate of mass transfer and electron transfer between S2O82- and PycDs. Using Ag nanoparticles as a coreaction accelerator and a 3D DNA nanomachine as a signal amplification strategy, the proposed ECL biosensing platform was constructed and achieved ultrasensitive detection of microRNA-126 with an excellent linear range (from 100 aM to 100 pM) and a low detection limit (13.0 aM). More importantly, this work not only developed an innovative avenue to improve the ECL efficiency of organic emitters in aqueous phases but also provided a powerful strategy for biochemical analysis and disease diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Tu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , PR China
| | - Yan-Mei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , PR China
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , PR China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , PR China
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