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Sanchez-Manzano D, Orfila G, Sander A, Marcano L, Gallego F, Mawass MA, Grilli F, Arora A, Peralta A, Cuellar FA, Fernandez-Roldan JA, Reyren N, Kronast F, Leon C, Rivera-Calzada A, Villegas JE, Santamaria J, Valencia S. Size-Dependence and High Temperature Stability of Radial Vortex Magnetic Textures Imprinted by Superconductor Stray Fields. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19681-19690. [PMID: 38564236 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Swirling spin textures, including topologically nontrivial states, such as skyrmions, chiral domain walls, and magnetic vortices, have garnered significant attention within the scientific community due to their appeal from both fundamental and applied points of view. However, their creation, controlled manipulation, and stability are typically constrained to certain systems with specific crystallographic symmetries, bulk or interface interactions, and/or a precise stacking sequence of materials. Recently, a new approach has shown potential for the imprint of magnetic radial vortices in soft ferromagnetic compounds making use of the stray field of YBa2Cu3O7-δ superconducting microstructures in ferromagnet/superconductor (FM/SC) hybrids at temperatures below the superconducting transition temperature (TC). Here, we explore the lower size limit for the imprint of magnetic radial vortices in square and disc shaped structures as well as the persistence of these spin textures above TC, with magnetic domains retaining partial memory. Structures with circular geometry and with FM patterned to smaller radius than the superconductor island facilitate the imprinting of magnetic radial vortices and improve their stability above TC, in contrast to square structures where the presence of magnetic domains increases the dipolar energy. Micromagnetic modeling coupled with a SC field model reveals that the stabilization mechanism above TC is mediated by microstructural defects. Superconducting control of swirling spin textures, and their stabilization above the superconducting transition temperature by means of defect engineering holds promising prospects for shaping superconducting spintronics based on magnetic textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanchez-Manzano
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- GFMC. Department Física de Materiales. Facultad de Física. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Orfila
- GFMC. Department Física de Materiales. Facultad de Física. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anke Sander
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Lourdes Marcano
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando Gallego
- GFMC. Department Física de Materiales. Facultad de Física. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Grilli
- Institute for Technical Physics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ashima Arora
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Peralta
- GFMC. Department Física de Materiales. Facultad de Física. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabian A Cuellar
- GFMC. Department Física de Materiales. Facultad de Física. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Fernandez-Roldan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicolas Reyren
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Florian Kronast
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Leon
- GFMC. Department Física de Materiales. Facultad de Física. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rivera-Calzada
- GFMC. Department Física de Materiales. Facultad de Física. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier E Villegas
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jacobo Santamaria
- GFMC. Department Física de Materiales. Facultad de Física. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Tebyani A, Schramm S, Hesselberth M, Boltje D, Jobst J, Tromp R, van der Molen SJ. Low energy electron microscopy at cryogenic temperatures. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113815. [PMID: 37480839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe a cryogenic sample chamber for low energy electron microscopy (LEEM), and present first experimental results. Modifications to our IBM/SPECS aberration-corrected LEEM instrument are presented first. These include incorporation of mechanisms for cooling the sample and its surroundings, and reduction of various sources of heat load. Using both liquid nitrogen and liquid helium, we have reached sample temperatures down to about 15 K. We also present first results for low-temperature LEEM, obtained on a three-monolayer pentacene film. Specifically, we observe a reduction of the electron beam irradiation damage cross-section at 15 eV by more than a factor of five upon cooling from 300 K down to 52 K. We also observe changes in the LEEM-IV spectra of the sample upon cooling, and discuss possible causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Tebyani
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, RA Leiden NL-2300, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schramm
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, RA Leiden NL-2300, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Hesselberth
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, RA Leiden NL-2300, Netherlands
| | - Daan Boltje
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, RA Leiden NL-2300, Netherlands
| | - Johannes Jobst
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, RA Leiden NL-2300, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Tromp
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, RA Leiden NL-2300, Netherlands; IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York, New York 10598, USA
| | - Sense Jan van der Molen
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, RA Leiden NL-2300, Netherlands.
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Superconducting imprint of magnetic textures in ferromagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20788. [PMID: 34675339 PMCID: PMC8531309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on proximity effects in superconductor/ferromagnetic hybrids has most often focused on how superconducting properties are affected—and can be controlled—by the effects of the ferromagnet’s exchange or magnetic fringe fields. The opposite, namely the possibility to craft, tailor and stabilize the magnetic texture in a ferromagnet by exploiting superconducting effects, has been more seldom explored. Here we show that the magnetic flux trapped in high-temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ microstructures can be used to modify the magnetic reversal of a hard ferromagnet—a cobalt/platinum multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy—and to imprint unusual magnetic domain distributions in a controlled manner via the magnetic field history. The domain distributions imprinted in the superconducting state remain stable, in absence of an external magnetic field, even after increasing the temperature well above the superconducting critical temperature, at variance to what has been observed for soft ferromagnets with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. This opens the possibility of having non-trivial magnetic configuration textures at room temperature after being tailored below the superconducting transition temperature. The observed effects are well explained by micromagnetic simulations that demonstrate the role played by the magnetic field from the superconductor on the nucleation, propagation, and stabilization of magnetic domains.
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Abstract
Local polarization of magnetic materials has become a well-known and widely used method for storing binary information. Numerous applications in our daily life such as credit cards, computer hard drives, and the popular magnetic drawing board toy, rely on this principle. In this work, we review the recent advances on the magnetic recording of inhomogeneous magnetic landscapes produced by superconducting films. We summarize the current compelling experimental evidence showing that magnetic recording can be applied for imprinting in a soft magnetic layer the flux trajectory taking place in a superconducting layer at cryogenic temperatures. This approach enables the ex situ observation at room temperature of the imprinted magnetic flux landscape obtained below the critical temperature of the superconducting state. The undeniable appeal of the proposed technique lies in its simplicity and the potential to improve the spatial resolution, possibly down to the scale of a few vortices.
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Competition between Superconductor - Ferromagnetic stray magnetic fields in YBa 2Cu 3O 7-x films pierced with Co nano-rods. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5663. [PMID: 28720833 PMCID: PMC5516025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconductivity and ferromagnetism are two antagonistic phenomena that combined can lead to a rich phenomenology of interactions, resulting in novel physical properties and unique functionalities. Here we propose an original hybrid system formed by a high-temperature superconducting film, patterned with antidots, and with ferromagnetic nano-rods grown inside them. This particular structure exhibits the synergic influence of superconductor (SC) - ferromagnetic (FM) stray fields, in both the superconducting behaviour of the film and the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic structure of nano-rods. We show that FM stray fields directly influence the critical current density of the superconducting film. Additional functionalities appear due to the interaction of SC stray fields, associated to supercurrent loops, with the non-trivial 3D remanent magnetic structure of FM nano-rods. This work unravels the importance of addressing quantitatively the effect of stray magnetic fields from both, the superconductor and the ferromagnet in hybrid magnetic nano-devices based on high temperature superconductors.
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