1
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Wang C, Jing Y, Zhu D, Xin HL. Atomic Origin of Chemomechanical Failure of Layered Cathodes in All-Solid-State Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17712-17718. [PMID: 38874441 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for safety has thrust all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) into the forefront of next-generation energy storage technologies. However, the atomic mechanisms underlying the failure of layered cathodes in ASSBs, as opposed to their counterparts in liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), have remained elusive. Here, leveraging artificial intelligence-enhanced super-resolution electron microscopy, we unravel the atomic origins dictating the chemomechanical degradation of technologically crucial high-Ni layered oxide cathodes in ASSBs. We reveal that the coupling of surface frustration and interlayer-shear-induced phase transformation exacerbates the chemomechanical breakdown of layered cathodes. Surface frustration, a phenomenon previously unobserved in liquid electrolyte-based LIBs, emerges through electrochemical processes involving surface nanocrystallization coupled with rock salt transformation. Simultaneously, delithiation-induced interlayer shear yields the formation of chunky O1 phases and intricate interfaces/transition motifs, distinct from scenarios observed in liquid electrolyte-based LIBs. Bridging the knowledge gap between the failure mechanisms of layered cathodes in solid-state electrolytes and conventional liquid electrolytes, our study provides unprecedented atomic-scale insights into the degradation pathways of layered cathodes in ASSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaqi Jing
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dong Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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2
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Pauls A, Radford MJ, Taylor AK, Gates BD. Atomic-Scale Characterization of Microscale Battery Particles Enabled by a High-Throughput Focused Ion Beam Milling Technique. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17467-17480. [PMID: 38645341 PMCID: PMC11025079 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) require improvements to address issues such as surface degradation, short-circuiting, and the formation of dendrites. One such method for addressing these issues is using surface coatings. Coatings can be sought to improve the durability of cathode materials, but the characterization of the uniformity and stability of the coating is important to assess the performance and lifetime of these materials. For microscale particles, there are, however, challenges associated with characterizing their surface modifications by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques due to the size of these particles. Often, techniques such as focused ion beam (FIB)-assisted lift-out can be used to prepare thin cross sections to enable TEM analysis, but these techniques are very time-consuming and have a relatively low throughput. The work outlined herein demonstrates a FIB technique with direct support of microscale cathode materials on a TEM grid that increases sample throughput and reduces the processing time by 60-80% (i.e., from >5 to ∼1.5 h). The demonstrated workflow incorporates an air-liquid particle assembly followed by direct particle transfer to a TEM grid, FIB milling, and subsequent TEM analysis, which was illustrated with lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide particles and lithium manganese nickel oxide particles. These TEM analyses included mapping the elemental composition of cross sections of the microscale particles using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The methods developed in this study can be extended to high-throughput characterization of additional LIB cathode materials (e.g., new compositions, coating, end-of-life studies), as well as to other microparticles and their coatings as prepared for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi
L. Pauls
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Melissa J. Radford
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Byron D. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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3
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Hou Y, Li C, Ren D, He F, Zhuang K, Yin S, Yuan G, Wang Y, Guo Y, Liu S, Sun P, Zhang Z, Tan T, Zhu G, Lu L, Liu X, Ouyang M. Enabling Electrochemical-Mechanical Robustness of Ultra-High Ni Cathode via Self-Supported Primary-Grain-Alignment Strategy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2306347. [PMID: 37882358 PMCID: PMC10754075 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical-mechanical degradation of ultrahigh Ni cathode for lithium-ion batteries is a crucial aspect that limits the cycle life and safety of devices. Herein, the study reports a facile strategy involving rational design of primary grain crystallographic orientation within polycrystalline cathode, which well enhanced its electro-mechanical strength and Li+ transfer kinetics. Ex situ and in situ experiments/simulations including cross-sectional particle electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), single-particle micro-compression, thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), and finite element modeling reveal that, the primary-grain-alignment strategy effectively mitigates the particle pulverization, lattice oxygen release thereby enhances battery cycle life and safety. Besides the preexisting doping and coating methodologies to improve the stability of Ni-rich cathode, the primary-grain-alignment strategy, with no foreign elements or heterophase layers, is unprecedently proposed here. The results shed new light on the study of electrochemical-mechanical strain alleviation for electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Kun Hou
- School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Prof. Ouyang Minggao Academician WorkstationSichuan new Energy Vehicle innovation Center Co., Ltd.Yibin644000China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Dongsheng Ren
- School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Feixiong He
- Prof. Ouyang Minggao Academician WorkstationSichuan new Energy Vehicle innovation Center Co., Ltd.Yibin644000China
| | - Kaijun Zhuang
- School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- School of Control and Computer EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102208China
| | - Shuo Yin
- CNGR advanced material Co., Ltd.Tongren554000China
| | - Guohe Yuan
- CNGR advanced material Co., Ltd.Tongren554000China
| | - Yiqiao Wang
- CNGR advanced material Co., Ltd.Tongren554000China
| | - Yi Guo
- School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Saiyue Liu
- School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Peng Sun
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology213000ChangzhouChina
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology213000ChangzhouChina
| | - Tiening Tan
- Prof. Ouyang Minggao Academician WorkstationSichuan new Energy Vehicle innovation Center Co., Ltd.Yibin644000China
| | - Gaolong Zhu
- Prof. Ouyang Minggao Academician WorkstationSichuan new Energy Vehicle innovation Center Co., Ltd.Yibin644000China
| | - Languang Lu
- School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Minggao Ouyang
- School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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4
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Singh V, Feldman Y, Leitus G, Brumfeld V, Shimon LJW, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Factors Controlling Complex Morphologies of Isomorphous Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301825. [PMID: 37334917 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate here how nitrate salts of bivalent copper, nickel, cobalt, and manganese, along with an achiral organic ligand, assemble into various structures such as symmetrical double-decker flowers, smooth elongated hexagonal bipyramids, and hexagonal prisms. Large morphological changes occur in these structures because of different metal cations, although they maintain isomorphous hexagonal crystallographic structures. Metal cations with stronger coordination to ligands (Cu and Ni) tend to form uniform crystals with unusual shapes, whereas weaker coordinating metal cations (Mn and Co) produce crystals with more regular hexagonal morphologies. The unusual flower-like crystals formed with copper nitrate have two pairs of six symmetrical petals with hexagonal convex centers. The texture of the petals indicates dendritic growth. Two different types of morphologies were formed by using different copper nitrate-to-ligand ratios. An excess of the metal salt results in uniform and hexagonal crystals having a narrow size distribution, whereas the use of an excess of ligand results in double-decker morphologies. Mechanistically, an intermediate structure was observed with slightly concave facets and a domed center. Such structures most likely play a key role in the formation of double-decker crystals that can be formed by fusion processes. The coordination chemistry results in isostructural chiral frameworks consisting of two types of continuous helical channels. Four pyridine units from four separate ligands are coordinated to the metal center in a plane having a chiral (propeller-type) arrangement. The individual double-decker flower crystals are homochiral and a batch consists of crystals having both handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yishay Feldman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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5
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Liu G, He Y, Liu Z, Wan H, Xu Y, Deng H, Yang H, Zhang JG, Sushko PV, Gao F, Wang C, Du Y. In Situ Visualization of the Pinning Effect of Planar Defects on Li Ion Insertion. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6839-6844. [PMID: 37463412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Longevity of Li ion batteries strongly depends on the interaction of transporting Li ions in electrode crystals with defects. However, detailed interactions between the Li ion flux and structural defects in the host crystal remain obscure due to the transient nature of such interactions. Here, by in situ transmission electron microscopy and density function theory calculations, we reveal how the diffusion pathways and transport kinetics of a Li ion can be affected by planar defects in a tungsten trioxide lattice. We uncover that changes in charge distribution and lattice spacing along the planar defects disrupt the continuity of ion conduction channels and dramatically increase the energy barrier of Li diffusion, thus, arresting Li ions at the defect sites and twisting the lithiation front. The atomic-scale understanding holds critical implications for rational interface design in solid-state batteries and solid oxide fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhixiao Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hui Wan
- School of Physics and Electronics & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Huiqiu Deng
- School of Physics and Electronics & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environmental Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Peter V Sushko
- Physcial and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yingge Du
- Physcial and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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6
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Zhang B, Zhu H, Ren Y, Zhu H, Lin W, Kai JJ, Li T, Gallington LC, Ren J, Huang Y, Lan S, Tang X, Liu Q. An Innovative Insight into Performance Degradation of NCM111 Cathode Induced by Suspension of Operation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6612-6620. [PMID: 36693236 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lifespan of lithium-ion batteries varies enormously from fundamental study to practical applications. This big difference has been typically ascribed to the high degree of uncertainty in unpredictable and complicated operation conditions in real-life applications. Here, we report that the pause of the charging-discharging process, which is frequently operated in practice but rarely studied in academics, is an important reason for the performance degradation of the NCM111 cathode. It is found that the pause during cycling could trigger a remarkable drop in capacity, giving rise to ∼30% more capacity decay compared with the continuously cycled sample. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the harmful H1-H2 phase transition, which typically appears in the initial cycle but disappears in subsequent cycles, is reactivated by the pausing process. The anisotropic lattice strains that occur during the H1-H2 transition result in mechanical fractures that terminate with an inert NiO-type rock-salt phase on the surface of particles. The present study indicates that the discontinuous usage of rechargeable batteries is also a key factor for cycle life, which might provide a distinct perspective on the performance decay in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hekang Zhu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Weitong Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R China
| | - Ji-Jung Kai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R China
| | - Tianyi Li
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Leighanne C Gallington
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jincan Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yalan Huang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Si Lan
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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7
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Sharma A, Pandey AH, Jangid MK, Srihari V, Poswal HK, Mukhopadhyay A. Understanding the Effects of Tetrahedral Site Occupancy by the Zn Dopant in Li-NMCs toward High-Voltage Compositional-Structural-Mechanical Stability via Operando and 3D Atom Probe Tomography Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:782-794. [PMID: 36594652 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ni-containing "layered"/cation-ordered LiTMO2s (TM = transition metal) suffer from Ni-migration to the Li-layer at the unit cell level, concomitant transformation to a spinel/rock salt structure, hindrance toward Li-transport, and, thus, fading in Li-storage capacity during electrochemical cycling (i.e., repeated delithiation/lithiation), especially upon deep delithiation (i.e., going to high states-of-charge). Against this backdrop, our previously reported work [ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 25836-25849] revealed a new concept toward blocking the Ni-migration pathway by placing Zn2+ (which lacks octahedral site preference) in the tetrahedral site of the Li-layer, which, otherwise, serves as an intermediate site for the Ni-migration to the Li-layer. This, nearly completely, suppressed the Ni-migration, despite being deep delithiated up to a potential of 4.7 V (vs Li/Li+) and, thus, resulted in significant improvement in the high-voltage cyclic stability. In this regard, by way of conducting operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction, operando stress measurements, and 3D atom probe tomography, the present work throws deeper insights into the effects of such Zn-doping toward enhancing the structural-mechanical-compositional integrity of Li-NMCs upon being subjected to deep delithiation. These studies, as reported here, have provided direct lines of evidence toward notable suppression of the variations of lattice parameters of Li-NMCs, including complete prevention of the detrimental "c-axis collapse" at high states-of-charges and concomitant slower-cum-lower electrode stress development, in the presence of the Zn-dopant. Furthermore, the Zn-dopant has been found to also prevent the formation of Ni-enriched regions at the nanoscaled levels in Li-NMCs (i.e., Li/Ni-segregation or "structural densification") even upon being subjected to 100 charge/discharge cycles involving deep delithiation (i.e., up to 4.7 V). Such detailed insights based on direct/real-time lines of evidence, which reveal important correlations between the suppression of Ni-migration and high-voltage compositional-structural-mechanical stability, hold immense significance toward the development of high capacity and stable "layered" Li-TM-oxide based cathode materials for the next-generation Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Advanced Batteries & Ceramics Laboratory (formerly, High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory), Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Adityanarayan H Pandey
- Thick and Thin Films Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Manoj K Jangid
- Advanced Batteries & Ceramics Laboratory (formerly, High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory), Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109-1382, United States
| | | | - Himanshu K Poswal
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai400085, India
| | - Amartya Mukhopadhyay
- Advanced Batteries & Ceramics Laboratory (formerly, High Temperature and Energy Materials Laboratory), Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai400076, India
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Cao B, Fang HT, Li D, Chen Y. Controlled Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Cathodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53667-53676. [PMID: 36399791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) has been considered as one of the most promising cathode materials. It addresses the pulverization issue present in its polycrystalline counterpart by eliminating intergranular cracks. However, synthesis of high-performance single-crystalline NCM is still a challenge owing to the lower structure stability of NCM811 at high calcination temperatures (≥900 °C), which is often required to grow single crystals. Herein, we report a synthesis process for microsized single-crystalline NCM811 particles with exposed (010) facets on their lateral sides [named as SC-NCM(010)], which includes the preparation of a well-dispersed microblock-like Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 precursor through coprecipitation assisted with addition of PVP and Na2SiO3 and subsequent lithiation of the precursor at 800 °C. The SC-NCM(010) cathode exhibits an excellent capacity retention rate (91.6% after 200 cycles at 1 C, 4.3 V) and a high rate capability (152.2 mAh/g at 20 C, 4.4 V), much superior to those of polycrystalline NCM811 cathodes. However, despite the removal of interparticle boundaries, when cycled between 2.8 and 4.5 V, the SC-NCM(010) cathode still suffers from structural changes including lattice gliding and intragranular cracking. These structural changes are correlated with the interior structural inhomogeneity, which is evidenced by the coexistence of H2 and H3 phases in the fully deintercalated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hai-Tao Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - De Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
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9
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Lu SJ, Tang LB, Wei HX, Huang YD, Yan C, He ZJ, Li YJ, Mao J, Dai K, Zheng JC. Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Cathodes: Fundamentals and Recent Advances. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) represent the most promising choice for meeting the ever-growing demand of society for various electric applications, such as electric transportation, portable electronics, and grid storage. Nickel-rich layered oxides have largely replaced LiCoO2 in commercial batteries because of their low cost, high energy density, and good reliability. Traditional nickel-based oxide particles, usually called polycrystal materials, are composed of microsized primary particles. However, polycrystal particles tend to suffer from pulverization and severe side reactions along grain boundaries during cycling. These phenomena accelerate cell degradation. Single-crystal materials, which exhibit robust mechanical strength and a high surface area, have great potential to address the challenges that hinder their polycrystal counterparts. A comprehensive understanding of the growing body of research related to single-crystal materials is imperative to improve the performance of cathodes in LIBs. This review highlights origins, recent developments, challenges, and opportunities for single-crystal layered oxide cathodes. The synthesis science behind single-crystal materials and comparative studies between single-crystal and polycrystal materials are discussed in detail. Industrial techniques and facilities are also reviewed in combination with our group’s experiences in single-crystal research. Future development should focus on facile production with strong control of the particle size and distribution, structural defects, and impurities to fully reap the benefits of single-crystal materials.
Graphical abstract
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10
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Wang J, Liu C, Wang Q, Xu G, Miao C, Xu M, Wang C, Xiao W. Investigation of W 6+-doped in high-nickel LiNi 0.83Co 0.11Mn 0.06O 2 cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:338-349. [PMID: 35998459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WO3 as tungsten dopant is introduced into lithium nickel cobalt manganese (LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2, NCM) layered oxide powders to synthesize W6+-doped NCM cathode materials during the lithiation process of the hydroxide precursor. Introducing W6+ into the lattice can lead to the diversities of the crystal structure, surface morphology, and electrochemical performance. The crystal structure confirmed by X-ray diffraction indicates that the W6+-doped oxide powders present a typical R-3m layered structure with larger interplanar distance and cell volume. Also, scanning electron microscope images reveal that the primary particles shrink forming a tighter surface under the effect of W6+, while the specific changes gradually aggravate with increase in the content of W6+ added. The excellent electrochemical stability of W6+-doped samples is observed, as the stable host structure is reinforced by the strong W-O bond. The stable structure does not only inhibit the anisotropic volume change caused by repetitive H2 ⇔ H3 phase transitions, but also sustains the integrated structure to impede the formation of microcracks and the appearance of more side reactions. This research provides an effective route on investigating the potential association between electrochemical performance and structure change for W6+-doped strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 434000, PR China
| | - Chengjin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Guanli Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Chang Miao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China
| | - Mingbiao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 434000, PR China
| | - Changjun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 434000, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
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11
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Xu GL, Liu X, Zhou X, Zhao C, Hwang I, Daali A, Yang Z, Ren Y, Sun CJ, Chen Z, Liu Y, Amine K. Native lattice strain induced structural earthquake in sodium layered oxide cathodes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:436. [PMID: 35087034 PMCID: PMC8795208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-voltage operation is essential for the energy and power densities of battery cathode materials, but its stabilization remains a universal challenge. To date, the degradation origin has been mostly attributed to cycling-initiated structural deformation while the effect of native crystallographic defects induced during the sophisticated synthesis process has been significantly overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and advanced transmission electron microscopy to probe the solid-state synthesis and charge/discharge process of sodium layered oxide cathodes, we reveal that quenching-induced native lattice strain plays an overwhelming role in the catastrophic capacity degradation of sodium layered cathodes, which runs counter to conventional perception—phase transition and cathode interfacial reactions. We observe that the spontaneous relaxation of native lattice strain is responsible for the structural earthquake (e.g., dislocation, stacking faults and fragmentation) of sodium layered cathodes during cycling, which is unexpectedly not regulated by the voltage window but is strongly coupled with charge/discharge temperature and rate. Our findings resolve the controversial understanding on the degradation origin of cathode materials and highlight the importance of eliminating intrinsic crystallographic defects to guarantee superior cycling stability at high voltages. Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Liang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Centre for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Inhui Hwang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Amine Daali
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yang Ren
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Zonghai Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Centre for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA. .,Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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12
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MORINO Y, TSUKASAKI H, MORI S. Cycle Degradation Analysis by High Precision Coulometry for Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Battery Cathode under Various Potentials. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke MORINO
- Consortium of Lithium Ion Battery Technology and Evaluation Center (LIBTEC)
| | - Hirofumi TSUKASAKI
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shigeo MORI
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
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13
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Li L, Chen J, Huang H, Tan L, Song L, Wu HH, Wang C, Zhao Z, Yi H, Duan J, Dong T. Role of Residual Li and Oxygen Vacancies in Ni-rich Cathode Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42554-42563. [PMID: 34464099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Residual Li and oxygen vacancies in Ni-rich cathode materials have a great influence on electrochemical performance, yet their role is still poorly understood. Herein, by simply adjusting the oxygen flow during the high-temperature sintering process, some Li2O can be carried into the exhaust gas and the contents of residual Li and oxygen vacancies in LiNi0.825Co0.115Mn0.06O2 cathodes can be accurately controlled. Residual Li reduces the surficial Li+ diffusion coefficient, thereby limiting the rate property of the cathode. Oxygen vacancies affect the oxygen release energy in the crystal, and the lowest oxygen release energy is found at an oxygen vacancy concentration of 8.35%, resulting in an unstable structure and thereby poor cycle performance. The Ni-rich cathode with low residual Li and oxygen vacancy contents exhibits superior capacity retention (89.55 and 77.66%) at 2C after 300 cycles between 2.7-4.3 and 2.7-4.5 V. These findings clarify the role of residual Li and oxygen vacancies in Ni-rich cathode materials and provide a simple way to obtain high-performance Ni-rich cathodes for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Li
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Liubin Song
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zixiang Zhao
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hongling Yi
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Junfei Duan
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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14
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Singh V, Houben L, Shimon LJW, Cohen SR, Golani O, Feldman Y, Lahav M, Boom ME. Unusual Surface Texture, Dimensions and Morphology Variations of Chiral and Single Crystals**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Sidney R. Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Yishay Feldman
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Milko E. Boom
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
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15
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Singh V, Houben L, Shimon LJW, Cohen SR, Golani O, Feldman Y, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Unusual Surface Texture, Dimensions and Morphology Variations of Chiral and Single Crystals*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18256-18264. [PMID: 34115416 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate here a unique metallo-organic material where the appearance and the internal crystal structure are in contradiction. The egg-shaped (ovoid) crystals have a brain-like texture. Although these micro-sized crystals are monodispersed; like fingerprints their grainy surfaces are never exactly alike. Remarkably, our X-ray and electron diffraction studies unexpectedly revealed that these structures are single-crystals comprising a continuous coordination network of two differently shaped homochiral channels. By using the same building blocks under different reaction conditions, a rare series of crystals have been obtained that are uniquely rounded in their shape. In stark contrast to the brain-like crystals, these isostructural and monodispersed crystals have a comparatively smooth appearance. The sizes of these crystals vary by several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sidney R Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yishay Feldman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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16
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Chae BG, Park SY, Song JH, Lee E, Jeon WS. Evolution and expansion of Li concentration gradient during charge-discharge cycling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3814. [PMID: 34155217 PMCID: PMC8217543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the performance of Li-ion batteries (LIBs), it is essential to understand the behaviour of Li ions during charge-discharge cycling. However, the analytical techniques for observing the Li ions are limited. Here, we present the complementary use of scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography at identical locations to demonstrate that the evolution of the local Li composition and the corresponding structural changes at the atomic scale cause the capacity degradation of Li(Ni0.80Co0.15Mn0.05)O2 (NCM), an LIB cathode. Using these two techniques, we show that a Li concentration gradient evolves during cycling, and the depth of the gradient expands proportionally with the number of cycles. We further suggest that the capacity to accommodate Li ions is determined by the degree of structural disordering. Our findings provide direct evidence of the behaviour of Li ions during cycling and thus the origin of the capacity decay in LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Gyu Chae
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Analytical Engineering Group, Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yong Park
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Analytical Engineering Group, Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Hyok Song
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Materials Development Group 1, Samsung SDI, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Lee
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Analytical Engineering Group, Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Jeon
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Analytical Engineering Group, Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Salgado RM, Danzi F, Oliveira JE, El-Azab A, Camanho PP, Braga MH. The Latest Trends in Electric Vehicles Batteries. Molecules 2021; 26:3188. [PMID: 34073571 PMCID: PMC8198776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global energy demand is rapidly increasing due to population and economic growth, especially in large emerging countries, which will account for 90% of energy demand growth to 2035. Electric vehicles (EVs) play a paramount role in the electrification revolution towards the reduction of the carbon footprint. Here, we review all the major trends in Li-ion batteries technologies used in EVs. We conclude that only five types of cathodes are used and that most of the EV companies use Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC). Most of the Li-ion batteries anodes are graphite-based. Positive and negative electrodes are reviewed in detail as well as future trends such as the effort to reduce the Cobalt content. The electrolyte is a liquid/gel flammable solvent usually containing a LiFeP6 salt. The electrolyte makes the battery and battery pack unsafe, which drives the research and development to replace the flammable liquid by a solid electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Martim Salgado
- DEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Federico Danzi
- LAETA, Engineering Faculty, Engineering Physics Department, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.E.O.)
- INEGI, Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Espain Oliveira
- LAETA, Engineering Faculty, Engineering Physics Department, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.E.O.)
- INEGI, Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anter El-Azab
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Pedro Ponces Camanho
- DEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- INEGI, Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Braga
- LAETA, Engineering Faculty, Engineering Physics Department, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.E.O.)
- INEGI, Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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18
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Fan X, Tan C, Li Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Huang Y, Pan Q, Zheng F, Wang H, Li Q. A green, efficient, closed-loop direct regeneration technology for reconstructing of the LiNi 0.5Co 0.2Mn 0.3O 2 cathode material from spent lithium-ion batteries. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124610. [PMID: 33243647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide in the spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) contains a lot of lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese. However, how to effectively recover these valuable metals under the premise of reducing environmental pollution is still a challenge. In this work, a green, efficient, closed-loop direct regeneration technology is proposed to reconstruct LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode materials from spent LIBs. Firstly, the failure mechanism of NCM523 cathode materials in the spent LIBs is analyzed deeply. It is found that the spent NCM523 material has problems such as the dissolution of lithium and transition metals, surface interface failure and structural transformation, resulting in serious deterioration of electrochemical performance. Then NCM523 material was directly regenerated by supplementing metal ions, granulation, ion doping and heat treatment. Meanwhile, PO43- polyanions were doped into the regenerated NCM material in the recovery process, showing excellent electrochemical performance with discharge capacity of 189.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C. The recovery process proposed in this study puts forward a new strategy for the recovery various lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (e.g., LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) and accelerates the industrialization of spent lithium ion battery recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi New Energy Ship Battery Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chunlei Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi New Energy Ship Battery Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi New Energy Ship Battery Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi New Energy Ship Battery Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yahao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Youguo Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi New Energy Ship Battery Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qichang Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi New Energy Ship Battery Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fenghua Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi New Energy Ship Battery Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi New Energy Ship Battery Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi New Energy Ship Battery Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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19
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Weisenberger C, Meir B, Röhler S, Harrison DK, Knoblauch V. A post-mortem study of commercial 18650 lithium-ion cells with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2//Graphite chemistry after prolonged cycling (> 7000 cycles) with low C-rates. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Chen J, Deng W, Gao X, Yin S, Yang L, Liu H, Zou G, Hou H, Ji X. Demystifying the Lattice Oxygen Redox in Layered Oxide Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6061-6104. [PMID: 33792291 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The practical application of lithium-ion batteries suffers from low energy density and the struggle to satisfy the ever-growing requirements of the energy-storage Internet. Therefore, developing next-generation electrode materials with high energy density is of the utmost significance. There are high expectations with respect to the development of lattice oxygen redox (LOR)-a promising strategy for developing cathode materials as it renders nearly a doubling of the specific capacity. However, challenges have been put forward toward the deep-seated origins of the LOR reaction and if its whole potential could be effectively realized in practical application. In the following Review, the intrinsic science that induces the LOR activity and crystal structure evolution are extensively discussed. Moreover, a variety of characterization techniques for investigating these behaviors are presented. Furthermore, we have highlighted the practical restrictions and outlined the probable approaches of Li-based layered oxide cathodes for improving such materials to meet the practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wentao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shouyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Huanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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21
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Cashen C, Evans RC, Nilsson ZN, Sambur JB. Local Substrate Heterogeneity Influences Electrochemical Activity of TEM Grid-Supported Battery Particles. Front Chem 2021; 9:651248. [PMID: 33816440 PMCID: PMC8017160 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.651248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how particle size and morphology influence ion insertion dynamics is critical for a wide range of electrochemical applications including energy storage and electrochromic smart windows. One strategy to reveal such structure–property relationships is to perform ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of nanoparticles that have been cycled on TEM grid electrodes. One drawback of this approach is that images of some particles are correlated with the electrochemical response of the entire TEM grid electrode. The lack of one-to-one electrochemical-to-structural information complicates interpretation of genuine structure/property relationships. Developing high-throughput ex situ single particle-level analytical techniques that effectively link electrochemical behavior with structural properties could accelerate the discovery of critical structure-property relationships. Here, using Li-ion insertion in WO3 nanorods as a model system, we demonstrate a correlated optically-detected electrochemistry and TEM technique that measures electrochemical behavior of via many particles simultaneously without having to make electrical contacts to single particles on the TEM grid. This correlated optical-TEM approach can link particle structure with electrochemical behavior at the single particle-level. Our measurements revealed significant electrochemical activity heterogeneity among particles. Single particle activity correlated with distinct local mechanical or electrical properties of the amorphous carbon film of the TEM grid, leading to active and inactive particles. The results are significant for correlated electrochemical/TEM imaging studies that aim to reveal structure-property relationships using single particle-level imaging and ensemble-level electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cashen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - R Colby Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Zach N Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Justin B Sambur
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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22
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Pokle A, Ahmed S, Schweidler S, Bianchini M, Brezesinski T, Beyer A, Janek J, Volz K. In Situ Monitoring of Thermally Induced Effects in Nickel-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode Materials at the Atomic Level. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57047-57054. [PMID: 33296166 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability of cathode active materials (CAMs) is of major importance for the safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A thorough understanding of how commercially viable layered oxide CAMs behave at the atomic length scale upon heating is indispensable for the further development of LIBs. Here, structural changes of Li(Ni0.85Co0.15Mn0.05)O2 (NCM851005) at elevated temperatures are studied by in situ aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM). Heating NCM851005 inside the microscope under vacuum conditions enables us to observe phase transitions and other structural changes at high spatial resolutions. This has been primarily possible by establishing low-dose electron beam conditions in STEM. Specific focus is put on the evolution of inherent nanopore defects found in the primary grains, which are believed to play an important role in LIB degradation. The onset temperature of structural changes is found to be ∼175 °C, resulting in phase transformation from a layered to a rock-salt-like structure, especially at the internal interfaces, and increasing intragrain inhomogeneity. The reducing environment and heat application lead to the formation and subsequent densification of {003}- and {014}-type facets. In the light of these results, postsynthesis electrode drying processes applied under reducing environment and heat, for example, in the preparation of solid-state batteries, should be re-examined carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Pokle
- Materials Science Center (WZMW) and Department of Physics, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein -Str.6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shamail Ahmed
- Materials Science Center (WZMW) and Department of Physics, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein -Str.6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schweidler
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matteo Bianchini
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Torsten Brezesinski
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Materials Science Center (WZMW) and Department of Physics, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein -Str.6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Volz
- Materials Science Center (WZMW) and Department of Physics, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein -Str.6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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23
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Xu Z, Hou D, Kautz DJ, Liu W, Xu R, Xiao X, Lin F. Charging Reactions Promoted by Geometrically Necessary Dislocations in Battery Materials Revealed by In Situ Single-Particle Synchrotron Measurements. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003417. [PMID: 32761698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crystallographic defects exist in many redox active energy materials, e.g., battery and catalyst materials, which significantly alter their chemical properties for energy storage and conversion. However, there is lack of quantitative understanding of the interrelationship between crystallographic defects and redox reactions. Herein, crystallographic defects, such as geometrically necessary dislocations, are reported to influence the redox reactions in battery particles through single-particle, multimodal, and in situ synchrotron measurements. Through Laue X-ray microdiffraction, many crystallographic defects are spatially identified and statistically quantified from a large quantity of diffraction patterns in many layered oxide particles, including geometrically necessary dislocations, tilt boundaries, and mixed defects. The in situ and ex situ measurements, combining microdiffraction and X-ray spectroscopy imaging, reveal that LiCoO2 particles with a higher concentration of geometrically necessary dislocations provide deeper charging reactions, indicating that dislocations may facilitate redox reactions in layered oxides during initial charging. The present study illustrates that a precise control of crystallographic defects and their distribution can potentially promote and homogenize redox reactions in battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Dong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - David J Kautz
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ruqing Xu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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24
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Wu Q, Mao S, Wang Z, Tong Y, Lu Y. Improving LiNi
x
Co
y
Mn
1−x−y
O
2
cathode electrolyte interface under high voltage in lithium ion batteries. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Shulan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhuoya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yang Tong
- High‐Tech Research and Development CenterMinistry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China Beijing 100044 China
| | - Yingying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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25
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Surface regulation enables high stability of single-crystal lithium-ion cathodes at high voltage. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3050. [PMID: 32546760 PMCID: PMC7298058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-crystal cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries have attracted increasing interest in providing greater capacity retention than their polycrystalline counterparts. However, after being cycled at high voltages, these single-crystal materials exhibit severe structural instability and capacity fade. Understanding how the surface structural changes determine the performance degradation over cycling is crucial, but remains elusive. Here, we investigate the correlation of the surface structure, internal strain, and capacity deterioration by using operando X-ray spectroscopy imaging and nano-tomography. We directly observe a close correlation between surface chemistry and phase distribution from homogeneity to heterogeneity, which induces heterogeneous internal strain within the particle and the resulting structural/performance degradation during cycling. We also discover that surface chemistry can significantly enhance the cyclic performance. Our modified process effectively regulates the performance fade issue of single-crystal cathode and provides new insights for improved design of high-capacity battery materials.
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26
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Chen W, Zhan X, Luo B, Ou Z, Shih PC, Yao L, Pidaparthy S, Patra A, An H, Braun PV, Stephens RM, Yang H, Zuo JM, Chen Q. Effects of Particle Size on Mg 2+ Ion Intercalation into λ-MnO 2 Cathode Materials. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4712-4720. [PMID: 31251071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An emergent theme in mono- and multivalent ion batteries is to utilize nanoparticles (NPs) as electrode materials based on the phenomenological observations that their short ion diffusion length and large electrode-electrolyte interface can lead to improved ion insertion kinetics compared to their bulk counterparts. However, the understanding of how the NP size fundamentally relates to their electrochemical behaviors (e.g., charge storage mechanism, phase transition associated with ion insertion) is still primitive. Here, we employ spinel λ-MnO2 particles as a model cathode material, which have effective Mg2+ ion intercalation but with their size effect poorly understood to investigate their operating mechanism via a suite of electrochemical and structural characterizations. We prepare two differently sized samples, the small nanoscopic λ-MnO2 particles (81 ± 25 nm) and big micron-sized ones (814 ± 207 nm) via postsynthesis size-selection. Analysis of the charge storage mechanisms shows that the stored charge from Mg2+ ion intercalation dominates in both systems and is ∼10 times higher in small particles than that in the big ones. From both X-ray diffraction and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging, we reveal a fundamental difference in phase transition of the differently sized particles during Mg2+ ion intercalation: the small NPs undergo a solid-solution-like phase transition which minimizes lattice mismatch and energy penalty for accommodating new phases, whereas the big particles follow conventional multiphase transformation. We show that this pathway difference is related to the improved electrochemical performance (e.g., rate capability, cycling performance) of small particles over the big ones which provides important insights in encoding within the particle dimension, that is, the single-phase transition pathway in high-performance electrode materials for multivalent ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan M Stephens
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc. , Houston , Texas 77082 , United States
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