1
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Shi Q, Zhang Z, Liu S. Precision Sequence-Defined Polymers: From Sequencing to Biological Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313370. [PMID: 37875462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Precise sequence-defined polymers (SDPs) with uniform chain-to-chain structure including chain length, unit sequence, and end functionalities represent the pinnacle of sophistication in the realm of polymer science. For example, the absolute control over the unit sequence of SDPs allows for the bottom-up design of polymers with hierarchical microstructures and functions. Accompanied with the development of synthetic techniques towards precision SDPs, the decoding of SDP sequences and construction of advanced functions irreplaceable by other synthetic materials is of central importance. In this Minireview, we focus on recent advances in SDP sequencing techniques including tandem mass spectrometry (MS), chemically assisted primary MS, as well as other non-destructive sequencing methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and nanopore sequencing. Additionally, we delve into the promising prospects of SDP functions in the area of cutting-edge biological research. Topics of exploration include gene delivery systems, the development of hybrid materials combining SDPs and nucleic acids, protein recognition and regulation, as well as the interplay between chirality and biological functions. A brief outlook towards the future directions of SDPs is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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2
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Schutz T, Sergent I, Obeid G, Oswald L, Al Ouahabi A, Baxter PNW, Clément JL, Gigmes D, Charles L, Lutz JF. Conception and Evaluation of a Library of Cleavable Mass Tags for Digital Polymers Sequencing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310801. [PMID: 37738223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
A library of phosphoramidite monomers containing a main-chain cleavable alkoxyamine and a side-chain substituent of variable molar mass (i.e. mass tag) was prepared in this work. These monomers can be used in automated solid-phase phosphoramidite chemistry and therefore incorporated periodically as spacers inside digitally-encoded poly(phosphodiester) chains. Consequently, the formed polymers contain tagged cleavable sites that guide their fragmentation in mass spectrometry sequencing and enhance their digital readability. The spacers were all prepared via a seven steps synthetic procedure. They were afterwards tested for the synthesis and sequencing of model digital polymers. Uniform digitally-encoded polymers were obtained as major species in all cases, even though some minor defects were sometimes detected. Furthermore, the polymers were decoded in pseudo-MS3 conditions, thus confirming the reliability and versatility of the spacers library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Schutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Isaure Sergent
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Georgette Obeid
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Paul N W Baxter
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Louis Clément
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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3
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Yu L, Chen B, Li Z, Huang Q, He K, Su Y, Han Z, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Yan D, Dong R. Digital synthetic polymers for information storage. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1529-1548. [PMID: 36786068 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Digital synthetic polymers with uniform chain lengths and defined monomer sequences have recently become intriguing alternatives to traditional silicon-based information devices or natural biomacromolecules for data storage. The structural diversity of information-containing macromolecules endows the digital synthetic polymers with higher stability and storage density but less occupied space. Through subtly designing each unit of coded structure, the information can be readily encoded into digital synthetic polymers in a more economical scheme and more decodable, opening up new avenues for molecular digital data storage with high-level security. This tutorial review summarizes recent advances in salient features of digital synthetic polymers for data storage, including encoding, decoding, editing, erasing, encrypting, and repairing. The current challenges and outlook are finally discussed to offer potential solution guidance and new perspectives for the creation of next-generation digital synthetic polymers and broaden the scope of their applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Baiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Ziying Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Qijing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Kaiyuan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zeguang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ruijiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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4
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Shi Q, Yin H, Song R, Xu J, Tan J, Zhou X, Cen J, Deng Z, Tong H, Cui C, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Liu S. Digital micelles of encoded polymeric amphiphiles for direct sequence reading and ex vivo label-free quantification. Nat Chem 2023; 15:257-270. [PMID: 36329179 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Identification and quantification of synthetic polymers in complex biological milieu are crucial for delivery, sensing and scaffolding functions, but conventional techniques based on imaging probe labellings only afford qualitative results. Here we report modular construction of precise sequence-defined amphiphilic polymers that self-assemble into digital micelles with contour lengths strictly regulated by oligourethane sequences. Direct sequence reading is accomplished with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tandem mass spectrometry, facilitated by high-affinity binding of alkali metal ions with poly(ethylene glycol) dendrons and selective cleavage of benzyl-carbamate linkages. A mixture of four types of digital micelles could be identified, sequence-decoded and quantified by MALDI and MALDI imaging at cellular, organ and tissue slice levels upon in vivo administration, enabling direct comparison of biological properties for each type of digital micelle in the same animal. The concept of digital micelles and encoded amphiphiles capable of direct sequencing and high-throughput label-free quantification could be exploited for next-generation precision nanomedicine designs (such as digital lipids) and protein corona studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Mass Spectrometry Lab, Instruments Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rundi Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Cen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengyu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huimin Tong
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenhui Cui
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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5
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Samokhvalova S, Lutz JF. Macromolecular Information Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300014. [PMID: 36696359 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular information transfer can be defined as the process by which a coded monomer sequence is communicated from one macromolecule to another. In such a transfer process, the information sequence can be kept identical, transformed into a complementary sequence or even translated into a different molecular language. Such mechanisms are crucial in biology and take place in DNA→DNA replication, DNA→RNA transcription and RNA→protein translation. In fact, there would be no life on Earth without macromolecular information transfer. Mimicking such processes with synthetic macromolecules would also be of major scientific relevance because it would open up new avenues for technological applications (e.g. data storage and processing) but also for the creation of artificial life. In this important context, this minireview summarizes recent research about information transfer in synthetic oligomers and polymers. Medium- and long-term perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Samokhvalova
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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6
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Ren X, Guo C, Li X, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang K. Protecting-Group-Free Iterative Divergent/Convergent Method for Preparing Sequence-Defined Polymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changjuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xijuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shumu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Soete M, Mertens C, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Reading Information Stored in Synthetic Macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22378-22390. [PMID: 36454647 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The storage of information in synthetic (macro)molecules provides an attractive alternative for current archival storage media, and the advancements made within this area have prompted the investigation of such molecules for numerous other applications (e.g., anti-counterfeiting tags, steganography). While different strategies have been described for storing information at the molecular level, this Perspective aims to provide a critical overview of the most prominent approaches that can be utilized for retrieving the encoded information. The major part will focus on the sequence determination of synthetic macromolecules, wherein information is stored by the precise arrangement of constituting monomers, with an emphasis on chemically aided strategies, (tandem) mass spectrometry, and nanopore sensing. In addition, recent progress in utilizing (mixtures of) small molecules for information storage will be discussed. Finally, the closing remarks aim to highlight which strategy we believe is the most suitable for a series of specific applications, and will also touch upon the future research avenues that can be pursued for reading (macro)molecular information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Lizak A, Szweda R. Czy plastik może rozpocząć nową erę w archiwizacji danych? ARCHEION 2022. [DOI: 10.4467/26581264arc.22.014.16667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, many aspects of our lives are undergoing a digital transformation. An increasing number of users are going online every year, and constantly improving artificial intelligence is gaining popularity, which leads to the growing production of information. Nowadays, information is usually stored in data centres, which will be forced to increase their space with the constant flow of new bits of information. Together with the increase in their space, energy consumption and associated maintenance costs are escalating. In 2021, global data centre power consumption was 220–320 TWh, which is about 0.9–1.3% of global power consumption. Continuous power supply for database operations is responsible for about 1% of total carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, it has already been reported that with the exponentially growing amount of data, in about 20 years, the amount of silicon for microprocessors will no longer be sufficient to store all the information. Therefore, scientists are looking for alternatives to the currently used data storage solutions and are developing new technologies using chemical molecules. Recently, even plastic has been explored as a data carrier. In this work, we present examples of new technologies for data storage in polymers. We have discussed polymers as data carriers in comparison with currently used solutions and deliberated whether plastic can become a future material for information archiving.
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9
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Dahlhauser S, Wight CD, Moor SR, Scanga RA, Ngo P, York JT, Vera MS, Blake KJ, Riddington IM, Reuther JF, Anslyn EV. Molecular Encryption and Steganography Using Mixtures of Simultaneously Sequenced, Sequence-Defined Oligourethanes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1125-1133. [PMID: 36032764 PMCID: PMC9413831 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular encoding in abiotic sequence-defined polymers (SDPs) has recently emerged as a versatile platform for information and data storage. However, the storage capacity of these sequence-defined polymers remains underwhelming compared to that of the information storing biopolymer DNA. In an effort to increase their information storage capacity, herein we describe the synthesis and simultaneous sequencing of eight sequence-defined 10-mer oligourethanes. Importantly, we demonstrate the use of different isotope labels, such as halogen tags, as a tool to deconvolute the complex sequence information found within a heterogeneous mixture of at least 96 unique molecules, with as little as four micromoles of total material. In doing so, relatively high-capacity data storage was achieved: 256 bits in this example, the most information stored in a single sample of abiotic SDPs without the use of long strands. Within the sequence information, a 256-bit cipher key was stored and retrieved. The key was used to encrypt and decrypt a plain text document containing The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. To validate this platform as a medium of molecular steganography and cryptography, the cipher key was hidden in the ink of a personal letter, mailed to a third party, extracted, sequenced, and deciphered successfully in the first try, thereby revealing the encrypted document.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
D. Dahlhauser
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher D. Wight
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sarah R. Moor
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Randall A. Scanga
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Phuoc Ngo
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jordan T. York
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marissa S. Vera
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kristin J. Blake
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ian M. Riddington
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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10
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Molecular data storage with zero synthetic effort and simple read-out. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13878. [PMID: 35974033 PMCID: PMC9381582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound mixtures represent an alternative, additional approach to DNA and synthetic sequence-defined macromolecules in the field of non-conventional molecular data storage, which may be useful depending on the target application. Here, we report a fast and efficient method for information storage in molecular mixtures by the direct use of commercially available chemicals and thus, zero synthetic steps need to be performed. As a proof of principle, a binary coding language is used for encoding words in ASCII or black and white pixels of a bitmap. This way, we stored a 25 × 25-pixel QR code (625 bits) and a picture of the same size. Decoding of the written information is achieved via spectroscopic (1H NMR) or chromatographic (gas chromatography) analysis. In addition, for a faster and automated read-out of the data, we developed a decoding software, which also orders the data sets according to an internal “ordering” standard. Molecular keys or anticounterfeiting are possible areas of application for information-containing compound mixtures.
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11
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Youssef I, Carvin-Sergent I, Konishcheva E, Kebe S, Greff V, Karamessini D, Matloubi M, Ouahabi AA, Moesslein J, Amalian JA, Poyer S, Charles L, Lutz JF. Covalent Attachment and Detachment by Reactive DESI of Sequence-Coded Polymer Taggants. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200412. [PMID: 35803899 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of sequence-defined polymers is an interesting emerging solution for materials identification and traceability. Indeed, a very large amount of identification sequences can be created using a limited alphabet of coded monomers. However, in all reported studies, sequence-defined taggants are usually included in a host material by non-covalent adsorption or entrapment, which may lead to leakage, aggregation or degradation. To avoid these problems, sequence-defined polymers were covalently-attached in the present work to the mesh of model materials, namely acrylamide hydrogels. To do so, sequence-coded polyurethanes containing a disulfide linker and a terminal methacrylamide moiety were synthesized by stepwise solid-phase synthesis. These methacrylamide macromonomers were afterwards copolymerized with acrylamide and bisacrylamide in order to achieve crosslinked hydrogels containing covalently-bound polyurethane taggants. It is shown herein that these taggants can be selectively detached from the hydrogel mesh by reactive desorption electrospray ionization. Using dithiothreitol the disulfide linker that link the taggant to the gel can be selectively cleaved. Ultimately, the released taggants can be decoded by tandem mass spectrometry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itab Youssef
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Isaure Carvin-Sergent
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 20, 13397, France
| | - Evgeniia Konishcheva
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Seydina Kebe
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Vincent Greff
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Denise Karamessini
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Maziar Matloubi
- Polysecure GmbH, Sankt-Georgener Str. 19, Freiburg, 79111, Germany
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France.,Polysecure GmbH, Sankt-Georgener Str. 19, Freiburg, 79111, Germany
| | - Jochen Moesslein
- Polysecure GmbH, Sankt-Georgener Str. 19, Freiburg, 79111, Germany
| | - Jean-Arthur Amalian
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 20, 13397, France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 20, 13397, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 20, 13397, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
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12
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Soete M, Du Prez FE. Sequencing of Uniform Multifunctional Oligoesters via Random Chain Cleavages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202819. [PMID: 35332968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined polymers have been the object of many fascinating studies that focus on their implementation in both material and life science applications. In parallel, iterative synthetic methodologies have become more efficient, whereas the structure elucidation of these molecules is generally dependent on MS/MS analysis. Here, we report an alternative, simple strategy for the determination of the monomer order of uniform oligo(thioether ester)s. This approach, which relies on random cleavages of ester units within the macromolecular backbone via a basic treatment, enables the swift characterization of these macromolecules without the need for MS/MS. Consequently, this method can be used for decoding any information stored within the primary structure of oligoesters by means of ESI- or LC-MS. Finally, we speculate that a range of structurally diverse backbones could be susceptible towards this approach, which could promptly expand the library of chemically sequenceable macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Kardas S, Fossépré M, Lemaur V, Fernandes AE, Glinel K, Jonas AM, Surin M. Revealing the Organization of Catalytic Sequence-Defined Oligomers via Combined Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Network Analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:2761-2770. [PMID: 35608867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Similar to biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins, the precise control over the monomer position in sequence-defined polymers is of paramount importance for tuning their structures and properties toward achieving specific functions. Here, we apply molecular network analysis on three-dimensional structures issued from molecular dynamics simulations to decipher how the chain organization of trifunctional catalytic oligomers is influenced by the oligomer sequence and the length of oligo(ethylene oxide) spacers. Our findings demonstrate that the tuning of their primary structures is crucial for favoring cooperative interactions between the catalytic units and thus higher catalytic activities. This combined approach can assist in establishing structure-property relationships, leading to a more rational design of sequence-defined catalytic oligomers via computational chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Kardas
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology-TU/e, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Antony E Fernandes
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain-UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium.,Certech, Rue Jules Bordet 45, Zone Industrielle C, Seneffe B-7180, Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain-UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain-UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
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14
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Reith MA, De Franceschi I, Soete M, Badi N, Aksakal R, Du Prez FE. Sequence-Defined Mikto-Arm Star-Shaped Macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7236-7244. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Reith
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Irene De Franceschi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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15
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Soete M, Du Prez FE. Sequencing of Uniform Multifunctional Oligoesters via Random Chain Cleavages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Soete
- Ghent University: Universiteit Gent Organic and macromolecular chemistry BELGIUM
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Ghent University: Universiteit Gent Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent BELGIUM
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16
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Shi Q, Miao T, Liu Y, Hu L, Yang H, Shen H, Piao M, Huang Z, Zhang Z. Fabrication and Decryption of a Microarray of Digital Dithiosuccinimide Oligomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200029. [PMID: 35322486 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Digital polymer with precisely arranged binary units provides an important option for information storage. This is especially true if the digital polymers are assembled in a device, as it would be of great benefit to data writing and reading in practice. Herein, inspired by DNA microarray technique, the programmable information storing and reading on a mass spectrometry target plate is proposed. First, an array of 4-bit sequence-coded dithiosuccinimide oligomers was efficiently built through sequential thiol-maleimide Michael couplings with good sequence readability by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Then, toward engineering microarray for information storage, a programmed robotic arm was specifically designed for precisely loading sequence-coded oligomers onto the target plate, and a decoding software was developed for efficient readout of the data from MS/MS sequencing. Notably, short sequence-coded oligomers chains can be used to write long strings of information, and extra error-correction codes are not required as usual due to the inherent concomitant fragmentation signals. Not only text but also bitimages can be automatically stored and decoded with excellent accuracy. This work provides a promising platform of digital polymers for programmable information storing and reading. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiunan Shi
- Q. Shi, T. Miao, Y. Liu, Prof. H. Shen, Prof. Z. Huang, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tengfei Miao
- Q. Shi, T. Miao, Y. Liu, Prof. H. Shen, Prof. Z. Huang, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Q. Shi, T. Miao, Y. Liu, Prof. H. Shen, Prof. Z. Huang, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Dr. L. Hu, Analysis and Testing Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hai Yang
- H. Yang, Eurosmart Intelligent Technology Research Institute, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Hang Shen
- Q. Shi, T. Miao, Y. Liu, Prof. H. Shen, Prof. Z. Huang, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Minghao Piao
- Prof. M. Piao, Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhihao Huang
- Q. Shi, T. Miao, Y. Liu, Prof. H. Shen, Prof. Z. Huang, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Prof. Z. Zhang, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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17
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Soete M, De Bruycker K, Du Prez F. Rewritable Macromolecular Data Storage with Automated Read-out. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116718. [PMID: 35104375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rewriting data stored on synthetic macromolecules is an interesting feature, even though it is considered as being quite challenging within the area of digital macromolecules. In this context, we initially studied a strategy for modifying the position tag of sequence-encoded macromolecules in a reversible manner. The efficiency of this method, which relies on the orthogonal cleavage of a thioester moiety via aminolysis, was demonstrated by modifying parts of an exemplary sentence. Simultaneously, a novel algorithm was developed to ease the read-out of macromolecular information by means of MS/MS techniques. This program, Oligoreader, can identify potential information-containing macromolecules from a series of MS1 spectra, analyze the corresponding MS2 spectra, and finally decode the data. Consequently, the algorithm simplifies the entire read-out process by avoiding any interference from the operator, which increases the potential for blind sequencing of uniform macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Soete M, De Bruycker K, Du Prez F. Rewritable Macromolecular Data Storage with Automated Read‐out. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Polymer Chemistry Research group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
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19
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Johnson H, Chambers LC, Holloway JO, Bousgas A, Akhtar-Khavari A, Blinco J, Barner-Kowollik C. Using precision polymer chemistry for plastics traceability and governance. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Resolving the anonymity of plastic materials is critical for safeguarding the well-being of our natural environments and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Johnson
- School of Law, Faculty of Business and Law, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Lewis C. Chambers
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Joshua O. Holloway
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Annastasia Bousgas
- School of Law, Faculty of Business and Law, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Afshin Akhtar-Khavari
- School of Law, Faculty of Business and Law, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - James Blinco
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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20
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Soete M, Van Hoorde J, Du Prez F. Discrete, self-immolative N-substituted oligourethanes and their use as molecular tags. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00630h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The depolymerization of N-substituted oligourethanes via an intramolecular cyclization event was studied in-depth, while the applicability of these macromolecules as anti-counterfeiting tags was demonstrated by labeling a polyurethane material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Van Hoorde
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Erlich AD, Dogantzis NP, Nubani LA, Trifoi LA, Hodgson GK, Impellizzeri S. Design and engineering of a dual-mode absorption/emission molecular switch for all-optical encryption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25152-25161. [PMID: 34730144 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions that produce a detectable change in the spectroscopic properties of organic chromophores can be exploited to harness the principles of Boolean algebra and design molecule-based logic circuits. Moreover, the logic processing capabilities of these photoactive molecules can be directed to protect, encode, and conceal information at the molecular level. We have designed a photochemical strategy to read, write and encrypt data in the form of optical signals. We have synthesized a supramolecular system based on the known dye resazurin, and investigated a series of photochemical transformations that can be used to regulate its absorption and emission properties upon illumination with ultraviolet or visible light. We have then examined the logic behaviour of the photochemistry involved, and illustrated its potential application in data encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Erlich
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Nicholas P Dogantzis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Lara Al Nubani
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Lavinia A Trifoi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Gregory K Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Stefania Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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22
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Li Z, Cai B, Yang W, Chen CL. Hierarchical Nanomaterials Assembled from Peptoids and Other Sequence-Defined Synthetic Polymers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14031-14087. [PMID: 34342989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In nature, the self-assembly of sequence-specific biopolymers into hierarchical structures plays an essential role in the construction of functional biomaterials. To develop synthetic materials that can mimic and surpass the function of these natural counterparts, various sequence-defined bio- and biomimetic polymers have been developed and exploited as building blocks for hierarchical self-assembly. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular self-assembly of hierarchical nanomaterials based on peptoids (or poly-N-substituted glycines) and other sequence-defined synthetic polymers. Modern techniques to monitor the assembly mechanisms and characterize the physicochemical properties of these self-assembly systems are highlighted. In addition, discussions about their potential applications in biomedical sciences and renewable energy are also included. This review aims to highlight essential features of sequence-defined synthetic polymers (e.g., high stability and protein-like high-information content) and how these unique features enable the construction of robust biomimetic functional materials with high programmability and predictability, with an emphasis on peptoids and their self-assembled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Li
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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23
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Soete M, Mertens C, Aksakal R, Badi N, Du Prez F. Sequence-Encoded Macromolecules with Increased Data Storage Capacity through a Thiol-Epoxy Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:616-622. [PMID: 35570768 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-encoded oligo(thioether urethane)s with two different coding monomers per backbone unit were prepared via a solid phase, two-step iterative protocol based on thiolactone chemistry. The first step of the synthetic cycle consists of the thiolactone ring opening with a primary amine, whereby the in situ released thiol is immediately reacted with an epoxide. In the second step, the thiolactone group is reinstalled to initiate the next cycle. This strategy allows to introduce two different coding monomers per synthetic cycle, rendering the resulting macromolecules especially attractive in the area of (macro)molecular data storage because of their increased data storage capacity. Subsequently, the efficiency of the herein reported synthesis route and the applicability of the dual-encoded sequence-defined macromolecules as a potential data storage platform have been demonstrated by unraveling the exact monomer order using tandem mass spectrometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Aksakal R, Mertens C, Soete M, Badi N, Du Prez F. Applications of Discrete Synthetic Macromolecules in Life and Materials Science: Recent and Future Trends. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004038. [PMID: 33747749 PMCID: PMC7967060 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the field of sequence-defined polymers and related ultraprecise, monodisperse synthetic macromolecules has grown exponentially. In the early stage, mainly articles or reviews dedicated to the development of synthetic routes toward their preparation have been published. Nowadays, those synthetic methodologies, combined with the elucidation of the structure-property relationships, allow envisioning many promising applications. Consequently, in the past 3 years, application-oriented papers based on discrete synthetic macromolecules emerged. Hence, material science applications such as macromolecular data storage and encryption, self-assembly of discrete structures and foldamers have been the object of many fascinating studies. Moreover, in the area of life sciences, such structures have also been the focus of numerous research studies. Here, it is aimed to highlight these recent applications and to give the reader a critical overview of the future trends in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCentre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 S4‐bisGhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCentre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 S4‐bisGhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCentre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 S4‐bisGhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCentre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 S4‐bisGhentB‐9000Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCentre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 S4‐bisGhentB‐9000Belgium
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25
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Macromolecular engineering in functional polymers via ‘click chemistry’ using triazolinedione derivatives. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Roszak I, Oswald L, Al Ouahabi A, Bertin A, Laurent E, Felix O, Carvin-Sergent I, Charles L, Lutz JF. Synthesis and sequencing of informational poly(amino phosphodiester)s. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of main-chain tertiary amines in digital poly(phosphodiester)s allows synthesis of molecularly-defined achiral polymers and simplifies tandem mass spectrometry sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Roszak
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Annabelle Bertin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry − Organic Chemistry, Free University Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eline Laurent
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Felix
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Isaure Carvin-Sergent
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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27
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Wang X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Ding S. IrAAC-based construction of dual sequence-defined polytriazoles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One novel dual sequence-defined polytriazole structure was facilely achieved through an IrAAC-based iterative sequential growth strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen
- Beishan Industrial Zone
- Shenzhen 518083
- China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
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28
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Reith MA, Kardas S, Mertens C, Fossépré M, Surin M, Steinkoenig J, Du Prez FE. Using nickel to fold discrete synthetic macromolecules into single-chain nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00229e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules were prepared with a thiolactone-based platform whereby ligand functionalities were introduced along the backbone enabling a nickel induced formation of single-chain nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Reith
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Sinan Kardas
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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29
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Mertens C, Aksakal R, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Sequence-defined oligoampholytes using hydrolytically stable vinyl sulfonamides: design and UCST behaviour. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Water soluble sequence-defined oligoampholytes with precisely positioned charges were synthesised via an iterative solid-phase synthesis protocol using vinyl sulfonamide and acrylate building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
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30
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Reading mixtures of uniform sequence-defined macromolecules to increase data storage capacity. Commun Chem 2020; 3:184. [PMID: 36703345 PMCID: PMC9814948 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of molecular data storage has emerged from a niche to a vibrant research topic. Herein, we describe a simultaneous and automated read-out of data stored in mixtures of sequence-defined oligomers. Therefore, twelve different sequence-defined tetramers and three hexamers with different mass markers and side chains are successfully synthesised via iterative Passerini three-component reactions and subsequent deprotection steps. By programming a straightforward python script for ESI-MS/MS analysis, it is possible to automatically sequence and thus read-out the information stored in these oligomers within one second. Most importantly, we demonstrate that the use of mass-markers as starting compounds eases MS/MS data interpretation and furthermore allows the unambiguous reading of sequences of mixtures of sequence-defined oligomers. Thus, high data storage capacity considering the field of synthetic macromolecules (up to 64.5 bit in our examples) can be obtained without the need of synthesizing long sequences, but by mixing and simultaneously analysing shorter sequence-defined oligomers.
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31
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Waibel KA, Moatsou D, Meier MAR. Synthesis and Encapsulation of Uniform Star-Shaped Block-Macromolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000467. [PMID: 33047427 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Linear uniform oligomers synthesized via a two-step iterative cycle are postmodified with uniform octaethylene glycol monomethyl ether and finally coupled via azide-alkyne cycloaddition to yield uniform star-shaped block macromolecules with a mass ranging from 10 to 14 kDa. Each of the molecules is carefully characterized by NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to underline their purity as well as their uniformity. The obtained star-shaped macromolecules are investigated in their ability to encapsulate dye molecules by carrying out qualitative solid-liquid phase transfer experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Waibel
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Material Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Material Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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32
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Cavallo G, Clément JL, Gigmes D, Charles L, Lutz JF. Selective Bond Cleavage in Informational Poly(Alkoxyamine Phosphodiester)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000215. [PMID: 32449253 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The collision-induced dissociation (CID) of sequence-defined poly(alkoxyamine phosphodiester)s is studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. These informational polymers are synthesized using three different nitroxide building blocks, namely proxyl-, SG1-, and TEMPO-derivatives. For a polymer containing TEMPO- and SG1-based main chain alkoxyamines, it is found that both types of alkoxyamines break in CID tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). However, SG1-sites are preferentially cleaved and this predominance can be increased by reducing collision energy, even though selective bond fragmentation is not observed. On the other hand, for a polymer containing proxyl- and SG1-alkoxyamines, selective bond cleavage is observed at all studied collision energies. The SG1-alkoxyamines can be first cleaved in MS/MS conditions and secondly the proxyl-alkoxyamines in pseudo-MS3 conditions. These results open up interesting new avenues for the design of readable, erasable or programmable informational polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Cavallo
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Jean-Louis Clément
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Marseille, Cedex 20 13397, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Marseille, Cedex 20 13397, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Marseille, Cedex 20 13397, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
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33
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Laurent E, Amalian JA, Parmentier M, Oswald L, Al Ouahabi A, Dufour F, Launay K, Clément JL, Gigmes D, Delsuc MA, Charles L, Lutz JF. High-Capacity Digital Polymers: Storing Images in Single Molecules. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Laurent
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Arthur Amalian
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Marie Parmentier
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florent Dufour
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kevin Launay
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Clément
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Marc-André Delsuc
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U596, CNRS, UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
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34
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Mertens C, Soete M, Ślęczkowski ML, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Stereocontrolled, multi-functional sequence-defined oligomers through automated synthesis. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, stereocontrolled sequence-defined oligomers were prepared using an automated thiolactone-based platform that allows post-synthesis functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Marcin L. Ślęczkowski
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of sciences
- Ghent University
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