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Wen Y, Ding D, Luo MQ, Peng XQ, Wang EY, Wu YH, Zhou SH, Guo J. Rationally Designed Highly Potent NKT Cell Agonists with Different Cytokine Selectivity through Hydrogen-Bond Interaction. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39031770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) and its analogues as powerful agonists for natural killer T (NKT) cell manipulation have received significant attention in immunotherapy and adjuvant development. However, identifying new potent NKT cell agonists, especially those with Th1 selectivity that promote anticancer effects, remains a challenging task. In this work, we introduced a sulfonamide group into the acyl chain of αGalCer to form additional hydrogen bonds to intensify the glycolipid/CD1d interaction. Two compounds GCS-11 and GCS-12 demonstrated remarkable potency while exhibiting different cytokine induction patterns. Compared to αGalCer, the Th1-biased GCS-11 exhibited a 6-fold increase in IFN-γ but not IL-4, while the Th1/2-balanced GCS-12 elicited 7- and 5-fold increase in IFN-γ and IL-4, respectively, in vivo. These findings place them among the most potent NKT cell agonists, with superior antitumor effects. Therefore, hydrogen-bond-involved derivatization could be a powerful strategy to develop potent and polarized NKT cell agonists for various immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Meng-Qiang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - En-Yang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ye-Hui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jun Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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2
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Wilkin C, Piette J, Legrand-Poels S. Unravelling metabolic factors impacting iNKT cell biology in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116436. [PMID: 39029630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and related diseases have reached epidemic proportions and continue to rise. Beyond creating an economical burden, obesity and its co-morbidities are associated with shortened human life expectancy. Despite major advances, the underlying mechanisms of obesity remain not fully elucidated. Recently, several studies have highlighted that various immune cells are metabolically reprogrammed in obesity, thereby profoundly affecting the immune system. This sheds light on a new field of interest: the impact of obesity-related systemic metabolic changes affecting immune system that could lead to immunosurveillance loss. Among immune cells altered by obesity, invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells have recently garnered intense focus due to their ability to recognize lipid antigen. While iNKT cells are well-described to be affected by obesity, how and to what extent immunometabolic factors (e.g., lipids, glucose, cytokines, adipokines, insulin and free fatty acids) can drive iNKT cells alterations remains unclear, but represent an emerging field of research. Here, we review the current knowledge on iNKT cells in obesity and discuss the immunometabolic factors that could modulate their phenotype and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Wilkin
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA, ULiège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
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3
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Hao T, Mi T, Chu Q, Ma W, Cheng X, Zang Y, Li J, Li T. Stereospecific Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of KRN7000 Analogues with Thio-modifications at the Acyl Moiety. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1102-1108. [PMID: 39015265 PMCID: PMC11247626 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Galactosylceramide (KRN7000 or α-GalCer) analogues terminated with phenyl (Ph) groups at the acyl moiety possess more potency than KRN7000 to activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells for inducing a T helper 1 (Th1)-biased immune response. However, biological activities of phenyl glycolipids with thio-modifications at the acyl moiety remain unknown, and facile approaches for highly stereoselective synthesis of KRN7000 and its analogues are rather scarce. Herein, we exploited 4,6-di-O-tert-butylsilylene (DTBS)-directed stereospecific galactosylation to efficiently synthesize various α-GalCer analogues bearing thioamide, terminal thiophenyl and dual modifications at the acyl moiety. Biological evaluations suggest that a new analogue S34 featuring a terminal Ph-S-Ph-F group exhibits a more superior Th1-biased immune response in mice. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the introduction of a sulfur atom influences vital hydrogen bonding interactions between glycolipids and the cluster of differentiation 1d (CDld), thus adjusting the stability of the glycolipid-CDld complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Hao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian Mi
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinyu Chu
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yi Zang
- Lingang
Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Hu X, Xian MY, Wang XF, Zou GQ, Luo R, Peng H, Liu Z. Conformationally Restricted Analogues of α-Galactosylceramide as Adjuvant in COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1647-1655. [PMID: 38116441 PMCID: PMC10726466 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
iNKT cells are a type of T lymphocyte that recognizes glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d protein. αGC is an agonistic glycolipid that activates iNKT cells and triggers immune modulatory cytokine responses, making it a promising vaccine adjuvant. To find more potent immunostimulating glycolipids, we prepared 4,6-O-galactosyl conformationally restricted analogues of αGC. Mice vaccinated with the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc vaccine adjuvanted with these newly developed glycolipids produced robust anti-RBD antibody responses, comparable to those achieved with αGC. Importantly, we also found that omitting αGC, α-C-GalCer (Th1-type agonist), or C20:2 (Th2-type agonist) from the booster vaccine had negligible impact on antibody and cellular responses, potentially reducing the frequency of adjuvant use required to maintain potent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center
for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ying Xian
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center
for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Feng Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center
for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Zou
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center
for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Rui Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center
for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center
for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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5
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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6
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Gu X, Chu Q, Ma X, Wang J, Chen C, Guan J, Ren Y, Wu S, Zhu H. New insights into iNKT cells and their roles in liver diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035950. [PMID: 36389715 PMCID: PMC9643775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKTs) are an important part of the immune system. Since their discovery in the 1990s, researchers have gained deeper insights into the physiology and functions of these cells in many liver diseases. NKT cells are divided into two subsets, type I and type II. Type I NKT cells are also named iNKT cells as they express a semi-invariant T cell-receptor (TCR) α chain. As part of the innate immune system, hepatic iNKT cells interact with hepatocytes, macrophages (Kupffer cells), T cells, and dendritic cells through direct cell-to-cell contact and cytokine secretion, bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. A better understanding of hepatic iNKT cells is necessary for finding new methods of treating liver disease including autoimmune liver diseases, alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs), non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), and liver tumors. Here we summarize how iNKT cells are activated, how they interact with other cells, and how they function in the presence of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Ma S, Yu R, Mai Y, Yu N, Gao T, Yang J. Enhanced Influenza Immunity by Nasal Mucosal Administration of the TPGS-Modified Liposomal Vaccine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:272. [PMID: 36180652 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection is difficult to prevent, control, and treat because of rapid viral mutation, fast disease progression, and high mortality. Vaccination is the main means by which to prevent and control influenza, but effectiveness is limited in that poor cellular uptake and weak immunogenicity of vaccines provides less than optimal host protection. Liposomal influenza vaccines are a promising strategy to overcome these limitations and the use of liposomal immune modulators and intranasal administration of liposomal influenza vaccines may be a means by which to improve influenza protection. The cationic lipids, i.e., dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA), 1,2-dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), and D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 (TPGS) can form blank liposomes, which can incorporate influenza antigens to produce an influenza vaccine (DDA-DSPC-TPGS). Herein, this vaccine was shown to induce dendritic cell maturation, increase host cellular uptake of the vaccine, and enhance immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. The addition of TPGS, as an amphiphilic immune adjuvant, significantly reduced the toxicity of the DDA liposomal influenza vaccine. Further, the polyethylene glycol component and tocopherol structure of TPGS enhanced the cellular uptake of the vaccine by means of stealth properties and the capacity to inhibit cellular efflux. After nasal mucosal immunization, enhanced cellular uptake rates and abundant immune cells in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue promoted the production of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G1, and interferon-γ, which in turn mediated a more robust immune response against influenza virus. In summary, the DDA-DSPC-TPGS influenza vaccine is a safe and effective means by which to activate the immune system. The results herein provide an effective strategy by which to overcome current difficulties associated with the prevention and treatment of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Mai
- Science and Technology Center, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Huang L, Ge X, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang Z. The Role of Toll-like Receptor Agonists and Their Nanomedicines for Tumor Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061228. [PMID: 35745800 PMCID: PMC9230510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that play a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRa) as vaccine adjuvant candidates have become one of the recent research hotspots in the cancer immunomodulatory field. Nevertheless, numerous current systemic deliveries of TLRa are inappropriate for clinical adoption due to their low efficiency and systemic adverse reactions. TLRa-loaded nanoparticles are capable of ameliorating the risk of immune-related toxicity and of strengthening tumor suppression and eradication. Herein, we first briefly depict the patterns of TLRa, followed by the mechanism of agonists at those targets. Second, we summarize the emerging applications of TLRa-loaded nanomedicines as state-of-the-art strategies to advance cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, we outline perspectives related to the development of nanomedicine-based TLRa combined with other therapeutic modalities for malignancies immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Li
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
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9
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Isolation and Characterization Methods of Human Invariant NKT Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34524663 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1775-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKT) are abundant in the hepatic sinuses and account for about 20-50% of rat liver lymphocytes. Type I or invariant NKT cells (iNKT) exert a powerful pro-inflammatory effect when activated, while type II NKT cells are more heterogeneous and mainly play an immunomodulatory role. Here we mainly introduced the isolation and characterization methods of human invariant NKT cells. Through immunomagnetic beads and flow cytometry, iNKT cells can be isolated specifically, and that explains functional analysis can be further established.
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10
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Lu TT, Shimadate Y, Cheng B, Kanekiyo U, Kato A, Wang JZ, Li YX, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Synthesis and glycosidase inhibition of 5-C-alkyl-DNJ and 5-C-alkyl-l-ido-DNJ derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113716. [PMID: 34340042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
5-C-Alkyl-DNJ and 5-C-alkyl-l-ido-DNJ derivatives have been designed and synthesized efficiently from an l-sorbose-derived cyclic nitrone. The DNJ and l-ido-DNJ derivatives with C-5 alkyl chains ranging from methyl to dodecyl were assayed against various glycosidases to study the effect of chain length on enzyme inhibition. Glycosidase inhibition study of DNJ derivatives showed potent and selective inhibitions of α-glucosidase; DNJ derivatives with methyl, pentyl to octyl, undecyl and dodecyl as C-5 branched chains showed significantly improved rat intestinal maltase inhibition. In contrast, most 5-C-alkyl-l-ido-DNJ derivatives were weak or moderate inhibitors of the enzymes tested, with only three compounds found to be potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Docking studies showed different interaction modes of 5-C-ethyl-DNJ and 5-C-octyl-DNJ with ntMGAM and also different binding modes of 5-C-alkyl-DNJ and 5-C-alkyl-l-ido-DNJ derivatives; the importance of the degree of accommodation of the C-5 substituent in the hydrophobic groove and pocket may account for the variation of glycosidase inhibition in the two series of derivatives. The results reported herein are helpful in the design and development of α-glucosidase inhibitors; this may lead to novel agents for the treatment of viral infection and type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuna Shimadate
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Bin Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Uta Kanekiyo
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Jun-Zhe Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - George W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX13TA, UK; National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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