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Khan RM, Rejhon M, Li Y, Parashar N, Riedo E, Wixom RR, DelRio FW, Dingreville R. Probing the Mechanical Properties of 2D Materials via Atomic-Force-Microscopy-Based Modulated Nanoindentation. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301043. [PMID: 38009526 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
As the field of low-dimensional materials (1D or 2D) grows and more complex and intriguing structures are continuing to be found, there is an emerging need for techniques to characterize the nanoscale mechanical properties of all kinds of 1D/2D materials, in particular in their most practical state: sitting on an underlying substrate. While traditional nanoindentation techniques cannot accurately determine the transverse Young's modulus at the necessary scale without large indentations depths and effects to and from the substrate, herein an atomic-force-microscopy-based modulated nanomechanical measurement technique with Angstrom-level resolution (MoNI/ÅI) is presented. This technique enables non-destructive measurements of the out-of-plane elasticity of ultra-thin materials with resolution sufficient to eliminate any contributions from the substrate. This method is used to elucidate the multi-layer stiffness dependence of graphene deposited via chemical vapor deposition and discover a peak transverse modulus in two-layer graphene. While MoNI/ÅI has been used toward great findings in the recent past, here all aspects of the implementation of the technique as well as the unique challenges in performing measurements at such small resolutions are encompassed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Khan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Martin Rejhon
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Nitika Parashar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Elisa Riedo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Ryan R Wixom
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Frank W DelRio
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
- Department of Materials Mechanics and Tribology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Rémi Dingreville
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
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Meng L, Vu TV, Criscenti LJ, Ho TA, Qin Y, Fan H. Theoretical and Experimental Advances in High-Pressure Behaviors of Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10206-10257. [PMID: 37523660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Using compressive mechanical forces, such as pressure, to induce crystallographic phase transitions and mesostructural changes while modulating material properties in nanoparticles (NPs) is a unique way to discover new phase behaviors, create novel nanostructures, and study emerging properties that are difficult to achieve under conventional conditions. In recent decades, NPs of a plethora of chemical compositions, sizes, shapes, surface ligands, and self-assembled mesostructures have been studied under pressure by in-situ scattering and/or spectroscopy techniques. As a result, the fundamental knowledge of pressure-structure-property relationships has been significantly improved, leading to a better understanding of the design guidelines for nanomaterial synthesis. In the present review, we discuss experimental progress in NP high-pressure research conducted primarily over roughly the past four years on semiconductor NPs, metal and metal oxide NPs, and perovskite NPs. We focus on the pressure-induced behaviors of NPs at both the atomic- and mesoscales, inorganic NP property changes upon compression, and the structural and property transitions of perovskite NPs under pressure. We further discuss in depth progress on molecular modeling, including simulations of ligand behavior, phase-change chalcogenides, layered transition metal dichalcogenides, boron nitride, and inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites NPs. These models now provide both mechanistic explanations of experimental observations and predictive guidelines for future experimental design. We conclude with a summary and our insights on future directions for exploration of nanomaterial phase transition, coupling, growth, and nanoelectronic and photonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Meng
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Tuan V Vu
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Louise J Criscenti
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Tuan A Ho
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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Rejhon M, Lavini F, Khosravi A, Shestopalov M, Kunc J, Tosatti E, Riedo E. Relation between interfacial shear and friction force in 2D materials. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1280-1287. [PMID: 36316542 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interfacial properties between an atomic layer and its substrate is of key interest at both the fundamental and technological levels. From Fermi level pinning to strain engineering and superlubricity, the interaction between a single atomic layer and its substrate governs electronic, mechanical and chemical properties. Here, we measure the hardly accessible interfacial transverse shear modulus of an atomic layer on a substrate. By performing measurements on bulk graphite, and on epitaxial graphene films on SiC with different stacking orders and twisting, as well as in the presence of intercalated hydrogen, we find that the interfacial transverse shear modulus is critically controlled by the stacking order and the atomic layer-substrate interaction. Importantly, we demonstrate that this modulus is a pivotal measurable property to control and predict sliding friction in supported two-dimensional materials. The experiments demonstrate a reciprocal relationship between friction force per unit contact area and interfacial shear modulus. The same relationship emerges from simulations with simple friction models, where the atomic layer-substrate interaction controls the shear stiffness and therefore the resulting friction dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rejhon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Lavini
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ali Khosravi
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Trieste, Italy
| | - Mykhailo Shestopalov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kunc
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erio Tosatti
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Riedo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Shtansky DV, Matveev AT, Permyakova ES, Leybo DV, Konopatsky AS, Sorokin PB. Recent Progress in Fabrication and Application of BN Nanostructures and BN-Based Nanohybrids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12162810. [PMID: 36014675 PMCID: PMC9416166 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, such as a low specific density, large specific surface area, excellent thermal stability, oxidation resistance, low friction, good dispersion stability, enhanced adsorbing capacity, large interlayer shear force, and wide bandgap, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanostructures are of great interest in many fields. These include, but are not limited to, (i) heterogeneous catalysts, (ii) promising nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells and nanoparticles containing therapeutic agents to fight bacterial and fungal infections, (iii) reinforcing phases in metal, ceramics, and polymer matrix composites, (iv) additives to liquid lubricants, (v) substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, (vi) agents for boron neutron capture therapy, (vii) water purifiers, (viii) gas and biological sensors, and (ix) quantum dots, single photon emitters, and heterostructures for electronic, plasmonic, optical, optoelectronic, semiconductor, and magnetic devices. All of these areas are developing rapidly. Thus, the goal of this review is to analyze the critical mass of knowledge and the current state-of-the-art in the field of BN-based nanomaterial fabrication and application based on their amazing properties.
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Sorokin PB, Yakobson BI. Two-Dimensional Diamond-Diamane: Current State and Further Prospects. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5475-5484. [PMID: 34213910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional diamond, or diamane, is an ultrathin film with unique physical properties that combine the record values of the bulk crystal with the exciting features caused by the nanoscale nature. At the current stage of research, the diamane properties are mostly studied theoretically, and the main experimental efforts are directed at its synthesis. The latter is the trickiest problem since traditional methods involving the application of high pressure are not fully suitable due to the influence of surface effects. For diamane research, this poses a number of challenges, whose description is the main purpose and scope of this review. The paper also discusses the progress made so far and outlines the prospects for this field, at the crossroads of the timeless diamond and decade-old graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B Sorokin
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Imani Yengejeh S, Kazemi SA, Wen W, Wang Y. Multiscale numerical simulation of in-plane mechanical properties of two-dimensional monolayers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20232-20247. [PMID: 35479920 PMCID: PMC9033945 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01924d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many applications of two dimensional (2D) materials are often achieved through strain engineering, which is directly dependent on their in-plane mechanical characteristics. Therefore, understanding the in-plane mechanical characteristics of the 2D monolayers becomes imperative. Nevertheless, direct experimental measurements of in-plane mechanical properties of 2D monolayers face great difficulties due to the issues related to the availability of high-quality 2D materials and sophisticated facilities. As an alternative, numerical simulation has the potential to theoretically predict such properties. This review presents some recent progress in numerically exploring the in-plane mechanical properties of 2D materials, including first-principles density functional theory, force-field based classical molecular dynamics, and the finite-element method. The relevant case studies are provided to describe the applications of these methods along with their pros and cons. We hope that the multiscale simulation methods discussed in this review will inspire new ideas and boost further advances of the computational study on the in-plane mechanical properties of 2D materials. The recent progress of multiscale numeric methods for investigating in-plane mechanical properties of 2D monolayers is reviewed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Imani Yengejeh
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus QLD 4222 Australia
| | - William Wen
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Yun Wang
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus QLD 4222 Australia
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