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Jiang Y, Turner KT. Thermal and Mechanical Mechanisms of Polymer Wear at the Nanoscale. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39230523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Wear is a ubiquitous phenomenon that limits the life of many engineered components with sliding interfaces through the gradual removal of material. The wear of polymers is crucial in many applications, ranging from bearings to orthopedic implants to nanolithography processes. The wear rate of polymers is strongly affected by the stress and temperature at the interface. The effects of temperature and stress are often described empirically since the wear process involves complex interactions between multiple asperities on rough surfaces over a range of length scales. Nanoscale tribology experiments at the single-asperity level have provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of wear. Experiments on hard covalently bonded materials, including silicon and diamond, have demonstrated that wear is an atomic attrition wear process that can be modeled using stress-assisted transition state theory. Here, we examine the wear of a common polymer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), at the nanoscale as a function of stress and temperature and show that the polymer wear is controlled by a combination of atomic attrition and viscoelastic relaxation. While the wear experiments are conducted at the nanoscale via atomic force microscopy, the results show that accounting for the local stress distribution at the contact interface is critical to understanding the wear behavior, an effect that was not considered in earlier studies on hard materials. Using a model that accounts for the stress distribution, we demonstrate the ability to predict the wear volume within 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Kevin T Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Liu C, Ootani Y, Ozawa N, Kubo M. Mechanisms of chemical-reaction-induced tensile deformation of an Fe/Ni/Cr alloy revealed by reactive atomistic simulations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6630-6636. [PMID: 36860537 PMCID: PMC9969177 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High entropy alloys (HEAs) have demonstrated excellent potential in various applications owing to the unique properties. One of the most critical issues of HEAs is the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) which limits its reliability in practical applications. However, the SCC mechanisms have not been fully understood yet because of the difficulty of experimental measuring of atomic-scale deformation mechanisms and surface reactions. In this work, we conduct atomistic uniaxial tensile simulations using an FCC-type Fe40Ni40Cr20 alloy as a typical simplification of normal HEAs, in order to reveal how a corrosive environment such as high-temperature/pressure water affects the tensile behaviors and deformation mechanisms. In a vacuum, we observe the generation of layered HCP phases in an FCC matrix during tensile simulation induced by the formation of Shockley partial dislocations from surface and grain boundaries. While, in the corrosive environment of high-temperature/pressure water, the alloy surface is oxidized by chemical reactions with water and this oxide surface layer can suppress the formation of Shockley partial dislocation as well as the resulting FCC-to-HCP phase transition; instead, a BCC phase is preferred to generate in the FCC matrix for releasing the tensile stress and stored elastic energy, leading to a reduced ductility as the BCC phase is typically more brittle than the FCC and HCP. Overall, the deformation mechanism of the FeNiCr alloy is changed by the presence of a high-temperature/pressure water environment-from FCC-to-HCP phase transition in vacuum to FCC-to-BCC phase transition in water. This theoretical fundamental study may contribute to the further improvement of HEAs with high resistance to SCC in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University No. 111, North Section 1, Second Ring Road Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China .,Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Haoyu Zhao
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Yusuke Ootani
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Nobuki Ozawa
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan .,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Momoji Kubo
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan .,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
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Wang Y, Qin J, Xu J, Sun J, Chen L, Qian L, Kubo M. Definition of Atomic-Scale Contact: What Dominates the Atomic-Scale Friction Behaviors? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11699-11706. [PMID: 36109854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The definition of atomic-scale contact is a very ambiguous issue owing to the discrete atomic arrangement, which hinders the development of contact theory and nano-tribological techniques. In this work, we studied the atomic-scale contact area and their correlations with friction force based on three distinct contact definitions (interatomic distance, force, and interfacial chemical bonds) by performing large-scale atomistic simulations on a typical ball-on-disk contact model. In the simulations, the measured contact areas defined by interatomic distance, force, and interfacial chemical bonds (referred as to Adist, Aforce, and Abond, respectively) are not equivalent at all, while we interestingly clarify that only Adist is consistent with the one calculated by continuum Hertz contact mechanics, and moreover, only Abond is proportional to the friction force indicating that Abond is the dominant one for determining materials' frictional behaviors. The above fundamental insights into the atomic-scale contact problems are useful to deeply understand the origins of tribological phenomena and contribute to the further prediction of atomic-scale friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jingxiang Xu
- College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Ring Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junhui Sun
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Linmao Qian
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Momoji Kubo
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Meng Y, Xu J, Ma L, Jin Z, Prakash B, Ma T, Wang W. A review of advances in tribology in 2020–2021. FRICTION 2022; 10:1443-1595. [PMCID: PMC9552739 DOI: 10.1007/s40544-022-0685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Around 1,000 peer-reviewed papers were selected from 3,450 articles published during 2020–2021, and reviewed as the representative advances in tribology research worldwide. The survey highlights the development in lubrication, wear and surface engineering, biotribology, high temperature tribology, and computational tribology, providing a show window of the achievements of recent fundamental and application researches in the field of tribology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Liran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Zhongmin Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Braham Prakash
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Tianbao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Wenzhong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100082 China
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Wang W, Dietzel D, Schirmeisen A. Thermal Activation of Nanoscale Wear. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:196101. [PMID: 34047617 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.196101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale wear tracks on ionic crystals are created by reciprocating single asperity scratch tests using atomic force microscopy. The wear characteristics are analyzed by the scratch depth as a function of surface temperature from 25 to 300 K. The average wear depth shows a nonmonotonic behavior as a function of temperature, with a transition between two different regimes characterized by the occurrence of quasiperiodic ripple formation. A thermally activated bond breaking model quantitatively explains the wear data in the low temperature, nonripple regime, but fails above the temperature threshold. This discrepancy is resolved with a geometric separation of the ripple mounds from the troughs, leading to full agreement with Arrhenius kinetics over the full temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Dietzel
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - André Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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KAWAURA M, WANG Y, OOTANI Y, OZAWA N, KUBO M. Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Friction-induced Chemical Reactions of SiC in Water Environments. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki KAWAURA
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yang WANG
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yusuke OOTANI
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuki OZAWA
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Momoji KUBO
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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