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Czekaj D, Lisińska-Czekaj A. Enhanced Spectroscopic Insight into Acceptor-Modified Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films Deposited via the Sol-Gel Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2491. [PMID: 38893755 PMCID: PMC11172994 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In the present paper, composite thin films of barium strontium titanate (BaxSr1-xTiO3) with an acceptor modifier (magnesium oxide-MgO) were deposited on metal substrates (stainless steel type) using the sol-gel method. The composite thin films feature BaxSr1-xTiO3 ferroelectric solid solution as the matrix and MgO linear dielectric as the reinforcement, with MgO concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 mol%. Following thermal treatment at 650 °C, the films were analyzed for their impedance response. Experimental impedance spectra were modeled using the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function, revealing stretching parameters (β) in the range of approximately 0.78 to 0.89 and 0.56 to 0.90 for impedance and electric modulus formalisms, respectively. Notably, films modified with 3 mol% MgO exhibited the least stretched relaxation function. Employing the electric equivalent circuit method for data analysis, the "circle fit" analysis demonstrated an increase in capacitance from 2.97 × 10-12 F to 5.78 × 10-10 F with the incorporation of 3 mol% MgO into BST-based thin films. Further analysis based on Voigt, Maxwell, and ladder circuits revealed trends in resistance and capacitance components with varying MgO contents, suggesting non-Debye-type relaxation phenomena across all tested samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Lisińska-Czekaj
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12, Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Zhang H, Joo YH, Wang Y, Yi T, Sung TH. Innovative synthesis technique for high-performance dielectric resonator antennas: laser-induced shockwave sintering of potassium sodium niobate (KNN). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:275601. [PMID: 38522100 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the synthesis and sintering of potassium sodium niobate (KNN) nanoparticles, emphasizing morphology, crystal structure, and sintering methods. The as-synthesized KNN nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology below 200 nm. Solid state sintering (SSS) and laser-induced shockwave sintering (LISWS) were compared, with LISWS producing denser microstructures and improved grain growth. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction confirmed KNN perovskite structure, with LISWS demonstrating higher purity. High-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicated increased binding energies in LISWS, reflecting enhanced density and crystallinity. Dielectric and loss tangent analyses showed temperature-dependent behavior, with LISWS-3 exhibiting superior properties. Antenna performance assessments revealed LISWS-3's improved directivity and reduced sidelobe radiation compared to SSS, attributed to its denser microstructure. Overall, LISWS proved advantageous for enhancing KNN ceramics, particularly in antenna applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Joo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tongqiang Yi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tae Hyun Sung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Huang ZX, Li LW, Huang YZ, Rao WX, Jiang HW, Wang J, Zhang HH, He HZ, Qu JP. Self-poled piezoelectric polymer composites via melt-state energy implantation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:819. [PMID: 38280902 PMCID: PMC10821934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lightweight flexible piezoelectric polymers are demanded for various applications. However, the low instinctively piezoelectric coefficient (i.e. d33) and complex poling process greatly resist their applications. Herein, we show that introducing dynamic pressure during fabrication is capable for poling polyvinylidene difluoride/barium titanate (PVDF/BTO) composites with d33 of ~51.20 pC/N at low density of ~0.64 g/cm3. The melt-state dynamic pressure driven energy implantation induces structure evolutions of both PVDF and BTO are demonstrated as reasons for self-poling. Then, the porous material is employed as pressure sensor with a high output of ~20.0 V and sensitivity of ~132.87 mV/kPa. Besides, the energy harvesting experiment suggests power density of ~58.7 mW/m2 can be achieved for 10 N pressure with a long-term durability. In summary, we not only provide a high performance lightweight, flexible piezoelectric polymer composite towards sustainable self-powered sensing and energy harvesting, but also pave an avenue for electrical-free fabrication of piezoelectric polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xia Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lan-Wei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xu Rao
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Wei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - He-Zhi He
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China.
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Wei Y, Yu Y, Zuo Y, Li Z, Gu Z, Chen H, Yang Y, Zuo C. Giant flexoelectric response of uniformly dispersed BT-PVDF composite films induced by SDS-assisted treatment. iScience 2023; 26:107852. [PMID: 37766971 PMCID: PMC10520832 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-ceramic composites are commonly used as flexoelectric films. In existing studies, the flexoelectric effect of composites are generally improved by adjusting the material structures or adding ferroelectric materials. Further improvement of flexoelectric response has encountered a bottleneck. Considering from a new perspective, this study innovatively proposes to prepare the uniformly dispersed BT-PVDF composite films with giant flexoelectric response by surfactant SDS-assisted treatment. According to the engineering applications, tilt sensors have been fabricated with the SDS/BT-PVDF composite films. The prepared tilt sensors can accurately sense the tilt change in a small-angle range (0-10°) between the coaxial connecting parts, the response signal changes significantly (49.25-72.35 mV/°), and the response speed can reach 0.166 s. The research provides a new idea for improving the flexoelectric response and also paves a way for developing tilt sensors through a low-cost, facile, and reliable method, showing potential applications including bending sensing and structural health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Yuxin Zuo
- Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zhiqing Gu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chuncheng Zuo
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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Abdolmaleki H, Haugen AB, Buhl KB, Daasbjerg K, Agarwala S. Interfacial Engineering of PVDF-TrFE toward Higher Piezoelectric, Ferroelectric, and Dielectric Performance for Sensing and Energy Harvesting Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205942. [PMID: 36594621 PMCID: PMC9951327 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The electrical properties of pristine fluoropolymers are inferior due to their low polar crystalline phase content and rigid dipoles that tend to retain their fixed moment and orientation. Several strategies, such as electrospinning, electrohydrodynamic pulling, and template-assisted growing, have been proven to enhance the electrical properties of fluoropolymers; however, these techniques are mostly very hard to scale-up and expensive. Here, a facile interfacial engineering approach based on amine-functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) is proposed to manipulate the intermolecular interactions in poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) to induce β-phase formation, enlarge the lamellae dimensions, and align the micro-dipoles. The coexistence of primary amine and hydroxyl groups on AGO nanosheets offers strong hydrogen bonding with fluorine atoms, which facilitates domain alignment, resulting in an exceptional remnant polarization of 11.3 µC cm-2 . PVDF-TrFE films with 0.1 wt.% AGO demonstrate voltage coefficient, energy density, and energy-harvesting figure of merit values of 0.30 Vm N-1 , 4.75 J cm-3 , and 14 pm3 J-1 , respectively, making it outstanding compared with state-of-the-art ceramic-free ferroelectric films. It is believed that this work can open-up new insights toward structural and morphological tailoring of fluoropolymers to enhance their electrical and electromechanical performance and pave the way for their industrial deployment in next-generation wearables and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Abdolmaleki
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Astri Bjørnetun Haugen
- Department of Energy Conversion and StorageTechnical University of Denmark (DTU)LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Research CenterDepartment of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Shweta Agarwala
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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Xu M, Tian X, Deng Q, Li Q, Shen S. Directly Observing the Evolution of Flexoelectricity at the Tip of Nanocracks. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:66-72. [PMID: 36576300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an electromechanical coupling between strain gradients and polarization, flexoelectricity is largely enhanced at the nanoscale. However, directly observing the evolution of flexoelectric fields at the nanoscale usually suffers from the difficulty of producing strain gradients and probing electrical responses simultaneously. Here, we introduce nanocracks in SrTiO3, Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3, and TiO2 samples and apply continuously varying mechanical loading to them, and as a result, huge strain gradients appear at the crack tip and result in a significant flexoelectric effect. Then, using atomic force microscopy, we successfully measure the evolution of flexoelectricity around the crack tips. For the case of SrTiO3, the maximum induced electric field reaches 11 kV/m due to the tensile load increasing. The proposed method provides a reliable way to identify the significance of the flexoelectric effect. It may also open a new avenue for the study of flexoelectricity involving multiple physics phenomena including flexoelectronics, the flexo-photovoltaic effect, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi China
| | - Xinpeng Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei China
| | - Qian Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei China
| | - Qun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi China
| | - Shengping Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi China
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Zhang B, Tan D, Cao X, Tian J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Ren K. Flexoelectricity-Enhanced Photovoltaic Effect in Self-Polarized Flexible PZT Nanowire Array Devices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7834-7847. [PMID: 35533408 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, we report the flexoelectricity-enhanced photovoltaic (FPV) effect in a flexible Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 nanowire (PZT NW) array/PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) nanocomposite. The simulation result of density functional theory (DFT) indicated that the FPV effect in PZT NWs can be greatly affected by the interactions of the strain gradients with the internal field generated by self-polarization. We found that when the nanocomposite film was curved down, the photovoltaic current of the aligned PZT-NW/PDMS composite increased by 84.6-fold and 27.6-fold compared with the PZT-nanoparticles/PDMS and randomly aligned PZT-NW/PDMS nanocomposites at the same curvature, respectively. This is mainly ascribed to the increased flexoelectricity in the aligned PZT-NW/PDMS nanocomposite. This study will contribute to a full understanding of the influence of nanoparticle shape on the flexophotovoltaic effect of nanocomposites. It will have potential use in nanocomposites for the study of the FPV effect and associated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Dan Tan
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - Junyuan Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yonggui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - Jinxi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kailiang Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensors, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
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