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Chen J, Hu Q, Zhou C, Jin D. CCT2 prevented β-catenin proteasomal degradation to sustain cancer stem cell traits and promote tumor progression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:54. [PMID: 38165547 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is featured by rapid progression and dismal outcomes clinically. Chaperonin Containing TCP1 Subunit 2 (CCT2) was identified as a crucial regulator for tumor progression, however, its exact role in EOC remained largely unknown. METHODS CCT2 expression and prognostic value in EOC samples were assessed according to TCGA dataset. Proliferation and mobility potentials were assessed by CCK8, colony-formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays. Cancer stem cell (CSC) traits were evaluated by RT-PCR, WB assays, sphere-forming assay and chemoresistance analysis. Bioinformatic analysis, co-IP assays and ubiquitin assays were performed to explore the mechanisms of CCT2 on EOC cells. RESULTS CCT2 highly expressed in EOC tissues and predicted poor prognosis of EOC patients by TCGA analysis. Silencing CCT2 significantly restrained cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, CCT2 could effectively trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition to confer extensive invasion potentials to EOC cells, Importantly, CCT2 positively correlated with CSC markers in EOC, and CCT2 knockdown impaired CSC traits and sensitize EOC cells to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Contrarily, overexpressing CCT2 achieved opposite results. Mechanistically, CCT2 exerted its pro-oncogene function by triggering Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Specifically, CCT2 could recruit HSP105-PP2A complex, a well-established dephosphorylation complex, to β-catenin via direct physical interaction to prevent phosphorylation-induced proteasomal degradation of β-catenin, resulting in intracellular accumulation of active β-catenin and increased signaling activity. CONCLUSIONS CCT2 was a novel promotor for EOC progression and a crucial sustainer for CSC traits mainly by preventing β-catenin degradation. Targeting CCT2 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiong Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danwen Jin
- Pathological Diagnosis Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
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Zhou H, Yao J, Zhong Z, Wei H, He Y, Li W, Hu K. Lactate-Induced CCL8 in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Accelerates the Progression of Colorectal Cancer through the CCL8/CCR5/mTORC1 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5795. [PMID: 38136340 PMCID: PMC10741879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in shaping the tumor microenvironment. Lactic acid (LA) has been identified as an influential factor in promoting immune escape and tumor progression. However, the mechanisms through which LA modulates TAMs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly understood. We used qRT-PCR to quantify the expression of LA-related genes (LDHA and LAMP2) in CRC tumor tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues (n = 64). The biological effects and mechanisms of LA on macrophages and tumors were evaluated via qRT-PCR, Western blot, RNA-seq, wound healing assay, colony formation assay in vitro, and allograft mouse tumor models in vivo. We found the expression of LDHA and LAMP2 was highly elevated in the tumor regions and positively associated with a poor clinical stage of CRC. A high concentration of LA was generated under hypoxia; it could promote tumor progression and metastasis with the involvement of macrophages. The inhibition of LA release impaired this protumor phenomenon. Mechanically, LA induced M2 macrophages through the AKT/ERK signaling pathway; subsequently, M2 macrophages secreted CCL8 and facilitated the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells by activating the CCL8/CCR5/mTORC1 axis. This effect was inhibited by the antagonist or knockdown of CCR5. In conclusion, lactate-induced CCL8 in TAMs accelerated CRC proliferation and metastasis through the CCL8/CCR5/mTORC1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China; (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jiayi Yao
- Center of Excellence, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Zhaozhong Zhong
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China;
| | - Hongfa Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Jinping District, Shantou 515041, China;
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China; (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kunpeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Götz L, Rueckschloss U, Balk G, Pfeiffer V, Ergün S, Kleefeldt F. The role of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1295232. [PMID: 38077351 PMCID: PMC10704240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), also known as CD66a, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEACAM1 was shown to be a prognostic marker in patients suffering from cancer. In this review, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical evidence linking CEACAM1 to tumorigenicity and cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss potential CEACAM1-based mechanisms that may affect cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Götz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Rueckschloss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gözde Balk
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Verena Pfeiffer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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4
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Zhang X, Wen Z, Wang Q, Ren L, Zhao S. A novel stratification framework based on anoikis-related genes for predicting the prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199869. [PMID: 37575253 PMCID: PMC10413143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anoikis resistance is a prerequisite for the successful development of osteosarcoma (OS) metastases, whether the expression of anoikis-related genes (ARGs) correlates with OS prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using ARGs as prognostic tools for the risk stratification of OS. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases provided transcriptome information relevant to OS. The GeneCards database was used to identify ARGs. Differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs) were identified by overlapping ARGs with common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OS and normal samples from the GSE16088, GSE19276, and GSE99671 datasets. Anoikis-related clusters of patients were obtained by consistent clustering, and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) of the different clusters was completed. Next, a risk model was created using Cox regression analyses. Risk scores and clinical features were assessed for independent prognostic values, and a nomogram model was constructed. Subsequently, a functional enrichment analysis of the high- and low-risk groups was performed. In addition, the immunological characteristics of OS samples were compared between the high- and low-risk groups, and their sensitivity to therapeutic agents was explored. Results Seven DEARGs between OS and normal samples were obtained by intersecting 501 ARGs with 68 common DEGs. BNIP3 and CXCL12 were significantly differentially expressed between both clusters (P<0.05) and were identified as prognosis-related genes. The risk model showed that the risk score and tumor metastasis were independent prognostic factors of patients with OS. A nomogram combining risk score and tumor metastasis effectively predicted the prognosis. In addition, patients in the high-risk group had low immune scores and high tumor purity. The levels of immune cell infiltration, expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, immune response gene sets, and immune checkpoints were lower in the high-risk group than those in the low-risk group. The low-risk group was sensitive to the immune checkpoint PD-1 inhibitor, and the high-risk group exhibited lower inhibitory concentration values by 50% for 24 drugs, including AG.014699, AMG.706, and AZD6482. Conclusion The prognostic stratification framework of patients with OS based on ARGs, such as BNIP3 and CXCL12, may lead to more efficient clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, College of Public Health of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Wen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Lijuan Ren
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengli Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
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Xu H, Lin S, Zhou Z, Li D, Zhang X, Yu M, Zhao R, Wang Y, Qian J, Li X, Li B, Wei C, Chen K, Yoshimura T, Wang JM, Huang J. New genetic and epigenetic insights into the chemokine system: the latest discoveries aiding progression toward precision medicine. Cell Mol Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41423-023-01032-x. [PMID: 37198402 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past thirty years, the importance of chemokines and their seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been increasingly recognized. Chemokine interactions with receptors trigger signaling pathway activity to form a network fundamental to diverse immune processes, including host homeostasis and responses to disease. Genetic and nongenetic regulation of both the expression and structure of chemokines and receptors conveys chemokine functional heterogeneity. Imbalances and defects in the system contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer, immune and inflammatory diseases, and metabolic and neurological disorders, which render the system a focus of studies aiming to discover therapies and important biomarkers. The integrated view of chemokine biology underpinning divergence and plasticity has provided insights into immune dysfunction in disease states, including, among others, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, by reporting the latest advances in chemokine biology and results from analyses of a plethora of sequencing-based datasets, we outline recent advances in the understanding of the genetic variations and nongenetic heterogeneity of chemokines and receptors and provide an updated view of their contribution to the pathophysiological network, focusing on chemokine-mediated inflammation and cancer. Clarification of the molecular basis of dynamic chemokine-receptor interactions will help advance the understanding of chemokine biology to achieve precision medicine application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanli Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuye Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Duoduo Li
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiting Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Muhan Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junru Qian
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Li
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chuhan Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 ShangyuanCun, Haidian District, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, 101149, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Zou Y, Ye F, Kong Y, Hu X, Deng X, Xie J, Song C, Ou X, Wu S, Wu L, Xie Y, Tian W, Tang Y, Wong C, Chen Z, Xie X, Tang H. The Single-Cell Landscape of Intratumoral Heterogeneity and The Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Liver and Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203699. [PMID: 36529697 PMCID: PMC9929130 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Distant metastasis remains the major cause of morbidity for breast cancer. Individuals with liver or brain metastasis have an extremely poor prognosis and low response rates to anti-PD-1/L1 immune checkpoint therapy compared to those with metastasis at other sites. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the underlying mechanism of anti-PD-1/L1 resistance and develop more effective immunotherapy strategies for these patients. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, a high-resolution map of the entire tumor ecosystem based on 44 473 cells from breast cancer liver and brain metastases is depicted. Identified by canonical markers and confirmed by multiplex immunofluorescent staining, the metastatic ecosystem features remarkable reprogramming of immunosuppressive cells such as FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, LAMP3+ tolerogenic dendritic cells, CCL18+ M2-like macrophages, RGS5+ cancer-associated fibroblasts, and LGALS1+ microglial cells. In addition, PD-1 and PD-L1/2 are barely expressed in CD8+ T cells and cancer/immune/stromal cells, respectively. Interactions of the immune checkpoint molecules LAG3-LGALS3 and TIGIT-NECTIN2 between CD8+ T cells and cancer/immune/stromal cells are found to play dominant roles in the immune escape. In summary, this study dissects the intratumoral heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in liver and brain metastases of breast cancer for the first time, providing insights into the most appropriate immunotherapy strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Zou
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Feng Ye
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Yanan Kong
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon RoadHong Kong999077China
| | - Xinpei Deng
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Jindong Xie
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Cailu Song
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Xueqi Ou
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Song Wu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Linyu Wu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Yi Xie
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Wenwen Tian
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Yuhui Tang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Chau‐Wei Wong
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNYUSA
| | - Xinhua Xie
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine651 East Dongfeng RoadGuangzhou510060China
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Immune Checkpoint and Other Receptor-Ligand Pairs Modulating Macrophages in Cancer: Present and Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235963. [PMID: 36497444 PMCID: PMC9736575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blocking, has become the primary anti-tumor treatment in recent years. However, the current immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is far from satisfactory. Macrophages are a key component of anti-tumor immunity as they are a common immune cell subset in tumor tissues and act as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Hence, understanding the regulation of macrophage activation in tumor tissues by receptor-ligand interaction will provide promising macrophage-targeting strategies to complement current adaptive immunity-based immunotherapy and traditional anti-tumor treatment. This review aims to offer a systematic summary of the current advances in number, structure, expression, biological function, and interplay of immune checkpoint and other receptor-ligand between macrophages and tumor cells.
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Lin Y, Zhou X, Ni Y, Zhao X, Liang X. Metabolic reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer: A novel orientation for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030831. [PMID: 36311734 PMCID: PMC9613923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic tumor, with the highest mortality rate. Numerous studies have been conducted on the treatment of ovarian cancer in the hopes of improving therapeutic outcomes. Immune cells have been revealed to play a dual function in the development of ovarian cancer, acting as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors. Increasingly, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been proposed and confirmed to play a unique role in tumor development and treatment by altering immunosuppressive and cytotoxic responses in the vicinity of tumor cells through metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, studies of immunometabolism have provided new insights into the understanding of the TIME. Targeting or activating metabolic processes of the TIME has the potential to be an antitumor therapy modality. In this review, we summarize the composition of the TIME of ovarian cancer and its metabolic reprogramming, its relationship with drug resistance in ovarian cancer, and recent research advances in immunotherapy.
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