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Lluch A, Latorre J, Serena-Maione A, Espadas I, Caballano-Infantes E, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Oliveras-Cañellas N, Ricart W, Malagón MM, Martin-Montalvo A, Birchmeier W, Szymanski W, Graumann J, Gómez-Serrano M, Sommariva E, Fernández-Real JM, Ortega FJ. Impaired Plakophilin-2 in obesity breaks cell cycle dynamics to breed adipocyte senescence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5106. [PMID: 37607954 PMCID: PMC10444784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) is a key component of desmosomes, which, when defective, is known to promote the fibro-fatty infiltration of heart muscle. Less attention has been given to its role in adipose tissue. We report here that levels of PKP2 steadily increase during fat cell differentiation, and are compromised if adipocytes are exposed to a pro-inflammatory milieu. Accordingly, expression of PKP2 in subcutaneous adipose tissue diminishes in patients with obesity, and normalizes upon mild-to-intense weight loss. We further show defective PKP2 in adipocytes to break cell cycle dynamics and yield premature senescence, a key rheostat for stress-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. Conversely, restoring PKP2 in inflamed adipocytes rewires E2F signaling towards the re-activation of cell cycle and decreased senescence. Our findings connect the expression of PKP2 in fat cells to the physiopathology of obesity, as well as uncover a previously unknown defect in cell cycle and adipocyte senescence due to impaired PKP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Lluch
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Serena-Maione
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Espadas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Estefanía Caballano-Infantes
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Witold Szymanski
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - María Gómez-Serrano
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Yang M, Gao X, Hu C, Wang S, Sheng H, Ma Y. Bta-miR-484 Targets SFRP1 and Affects Preadipocytes Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12710. [PMID: 37628891 PMCID: PMC10454478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of numerous biological processes in animals, including adipogenesis. Despite the abundance of miRNAs associated with adipogenesis, their exact mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Our study highlights the role of bta-miR-484 as a major regulator of adipocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of bta-miR-484 initially increased during adipogenesis before decreasing. Overexpression of bta-miR-484 in adipocytes ultimately inhibited cell proliferation and differentiation, reduced the number of EdU fluorescence-stained cells, increased the number of G1 phase cells, reduced the number of G2 and S phase cells, and downregulated the expression of proliferation markers (CDK2 and PCNA) and differentiation markers (CEBPA, FABP4, and LPL). Additionally, overexpression of bta-miR-484 promoted the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and BAX), and increased the number of apoptotic cells observed via flow cytometry. In contrast, bta-miR-484 inhibition in adipocytes yielded opposite effects to those observed during bta-miR-484 overexpression. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays confirmed SFRP1 as a target gene of bta-miR-484, and revealed that bta-miR-484 downregulates SFRP1 mRNA expression. These findings offer compelling evidence that bta-miR-484 targets SFRP1, inhibits proliferation and differentiation, and promotes apoptosis. Therefore, these results offer novel insights into the bta-miR-484 regulation of adipocyte growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Munkhzul C, Lee JM, Kim B, Nguyen TTM, Ginting RP, Jeong D, Kim YK, Lee MW, Lee M. H19X-encoded microRNAs induced by IL-4 in adipocyte precursors regulate proliferation to facilitate differentiation. Biol Direct 2023; 18:32. [PMID: 37322541 PMCID: PMC10273709 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an organ critical for systemic energy homeostasis, is influenced by type 2 immunity in its development and function. The type 2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 induces the proliferation of bipotential adipocyte precursors (APs) in white fat tissue and primes these cells for differentiation into beige adipocytes, which are specialized for thermogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been comprehensively examined. Here, we identified six microRNA (miRNA) genes upregulated upon IL-4 stimulation in APs, miR-322, miR-503, miR-351, miR-542, miR-450a, and miR-450b; these are encoded in the H19X locus of the genome. Their expression is positively regulated by the transcription factor Klf4, whose expression also increases upon IL-4 stimulation. These miRNAs shared a large set of target genes, of which 381 genes were downregulated in mRNA expression upon IL-4 stimulation and enriched in Wnt signaling pathways. Two genes with downregulated expression, Ccnd1 and Fzd6, were repressed by H19X-encoded miRNAs. Additionally, the Wnt signaling activator LiCl downregulated the expression of this group of miRNAs in APs, indicating that Wnt signaling-related genes and these miRNAs form a double-negative feedback regulatory loop. This miRNA/Wnt feedback regulation modulated the elevated proliferation of APs induced by IL-4 stimulation and contributed to priming them for beige adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the aberrant expression of these miRNAs attenuates the differentiation of APs into beige adipocytes. Collectively, our results suggest that H19X-encoded miRNAs facilitate the transition of APs from proliferation to differentiation in the IL-4-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choijamts Munkhzul
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Boseon Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Thi Thanh My Nguyen
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Rehna Paula Ginting
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Dahee Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
| | - Mihye Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
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McIlwraith EK, Belsham DD. Palmitate alters miR-2137 and miR-503-5p to induce orexigenic Npy in hypothalamic neuronal cell models: Rescue by oleate and docosahexaenoic acid. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13271. [PMID: 37208960 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. One cause of obesity is excess exposure to the saturated fatty acid palmitate that can alter miRNA levels in the periphery. Palmitate also promotes obesity by acting on the hypothalamus, the central coordinator of energy homeostasis, to dysregulate hypothalamic feeding neuropeptides and induce ER stress and inflammatory signaling. We hypothesized that palmitate would alter hypothalamic miRNAs that control genes involved in energy homeostasis thereby contributing to the obesity-promoting effects of palmitate. We found that palmitate upregulated 20 miRNAs and downregulated six miRNAs in the orexigenic NPY/AgRP-expressing mHypoE-46 cell line. We focused on delineating the roles of miR-2137 and miR-503-5p, as they were strongly up- and downregulated by palmitate, respectively. Overexpression of miR-2137 increased Npy mRNA levels and downregulated Esr1 levels, while increasing C/ebpβ and Atf3 mRNA. Inhibiting miR-2137 had the opposite effect, except on Npy, which was unchanged. The most downregulated miRNA by palmitate, miR-503-5p, negatively regulated Npy mRNA levels. Exposure to the unsaturated fatty acids oleate or docosahexaenoic acid completely or partially blocked the effects of palmitate on miR-2137 and miR-503-5p as well as Npy, Agrp, Esr1, C/ebpβ and Atf3. MicroRNAs may therefore contribute to palmitate actions in dysregulating NPY/AgRP neurons. Effectively combating the deleterious effects of palmitate is crucial to help prevent or reduce the impact of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K McIlwraith
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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A Wrong Fate Decision in Adipose Stem Cells upon Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040662. [PMID: 36831329 PMCID: PMC9954614 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress has been made in identifying stem cell aging as a pathological manifestation of a variety of diseases, including obesity. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) play a core role in adipocyte turnover, which maintains tissue homeostasis. Given aberrant lineage determination as a feature of stem cell aging, failure in adipogenesis is a culprit of adipose hypertrophy, resulting in adiposopathy and related complications. In this review, we elucidate how ASC fails in entering adipogenic lineage, with a specific focus on extracellular signaling pathways, epigenetic drift, metabolic reprogramming, and mechanical stretch. Nonetheless, such detrimental alternations can be reversed by guiding ASCs towards adipogenesis. Considering the pathological role of ASC aging in obesity, targeting adipogenesis as an anti-obesity treatment will be a key area of future research, and a strategy to rejuvenate tissue stem cell will be capable of alleviating metabolic syndrome.
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Synucleins: New Data on Misfolding, Aggregation and Role in Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123241. [PMID: 36551997 PMCID: PMC9775291 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synucleins are a family of natively unfolded (or intrinsically unstructured) proteins consisting of α-, β-, and γ-synuclein involved in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The current number of publications on synucleins has exceeded 16.000. They remain the subject of constant interest for over 35 years. Two reasons explain this unchanging attention: synuclein's association with several severe human diseases and the lack of understanding of the functional roles under normal physiological conditions. We analyzed recent publications to look at the main trends and developments in synuclein research and discuss possible future directions. Traditional areas of peak research interest which still remain high among last year's publications are comparative studies of structural features as well as functional research on of three members of the synuclein family. Another popular research topic in the area is a mechanism of α-synuclein accumulation, aggregation, and fibrillation. Exciting fast-growing area of recent research is α-synuclein and epigenetics. We do not present here a broad and comprehensive review of all directions of studies but summarize only the most significant recent findings relevant to these topics and outline potential future directions.
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Zhang S, Jiang E, Kang Z, Bi Y, Liu H, Xu H, Wang Z, Lei C, Chen H, Lan X. CircRNA Profiling Reveals an Abundant circBDP1 that Regulates Bovine Fat Development by Sponging miR-181b/miR-204 Targeting Sirt1/TRARG1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14312-14328. [PMID: 36269615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes is an important factor determining bovine fat development, which is closely related to the feed conversion ratio, carcass traits, and beef quality. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of candidate circRNA and miRNA on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes in order to provide basic materials for molecular breeding in cattle. circRNA sequencing was performed on bovine adipocyte samples at different differentiation time points, and a total of 1830 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified. Among them, circBDP1, derived from the bovine BDP1 gene, has potential binding sites for miR-204 (known as a regulator of bovine fat development) and miR-181b, which gives us a hint that circBDP1 may regulate bovine fat development by adsorbing miR-204 and miR-181b. Here, our results revealed that circBDP1 overexpression promoted the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. The miRNA profile of bovine adipocytes at different differentiation time points was also analyzed using the small RNA sequencing method, and a total of 89 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, including miR-204 and miR-181b. As expected, dual-luciferase reporter results showed that circBDP1 competitively adsorbed miR-181b and miR-204. Overexpression and interference of miR-181b in bovine preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 showed that miR-181b promoted the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes. Further results displayed that miR-181b and miR-204 simultaneously targeted the SIRT1 gene, and miR-204 also targeted the 3' UTR region of the TRARG1 gene. In summary, this study found that miR-181b and miR-204 were involved in fat development by targeting SIRT1 and TRARG1. The results of this study will lay a foundation for the research of fat development and beef cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihuan Zhang
- Key laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei230036, P.R. China
| | - Enhui Jiang
- Key laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Zihong Kang
- Key laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Yi Bi
- Key laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Key laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Han Xu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510006, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Key laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
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