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Chen G, Deng S, Liu S, Zhao Y, Xiao Y, Zeng X, Xu Y, Cheng D, Chen B. pH and ROS Dual-Sensitive Nanocarriers for the Targeted Co-Delivery and On-Demand Sequential Release of Tofacitinib and Glucosamine for Synergistic Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308520. [PMID: 38169139 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression involves multiple cell types, and sequential drug action on target cells is necessary for RA treatment. Nanocarriers are widely used for RA treatment; however, the targeted delivery and on-demand release of multiple drugs remains challenging. Therefore, in this study, a dual-sensitive polymer is developed using chondroitin sulfate (CS) for the co-delivery of the cartilage repair agent, glucosamine (GlcN), and anti-inflammatory drug, tofacitinib (Tof). In the joint cavity, acidic pH facilitates the cleavage of GlcN from CS polymer to repair the cartilage damage. Subsequently, macrophage uptake via CS-CD44 binding and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate conversion of (methylsulfanyl)propylamine to a hydrophilic segment jointly triggered rapid Tof/GlcN release via micelle disassembly. The combined effects of Tof, GlcN, and ROS depletion promote the M1-to-M2 polarization shift to attenuate inflammation. The synergistic effects of these agents against RA are confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Overall, the dual pH/ROS-sensitive CS nanoplatform simultaneously delivers GlcN and Tof, providing a multifunctional approach for RA treatment with synergistic drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528244, P. R. China
| | - Shaohui Deng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shubo Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yuexin Zhao
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqiang Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Xiangming Zeng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528244, P. R. China
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
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Tagg JR, Harold LK, Jain R, Hale JDF. Beneficial modulation of human health in the oral cavity and beyond using bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance-producing streptococcal probiotics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1161155. [PMID: 37056747 PMCID: PMC10086258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1161155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity contains a diversity of microbial habitats that have been adopted and adapted to as homeland by an amazingly heterogeneous population of microorganisms collectively referred to as the oral microbiota. These microbes generally co-habit in harmonious homeostasis. However, under conditions of imposed stress, as with changes to the host’s physiology or nutritional status, or as a response to foreign microbial or antimicrobial incursions, some components of the oral “microbiome” (viz. the in situ microbiota) may enter a dysbiotic state. This microbiome dysbiosis can manifest in a variety of guises including streptococcal sore throats, dental caries, oral thrush, halitosis and periodontal disease. Most of the strategies currently available for the management or treatment of microbial diseases of the oral cavity focus on the repetitive “broad sweep” and short-term culling of oral microbe populations, hopefully including the perceived principal pathogens. Both physical and chemical techniques are used. However, the application of more focused approaches to the harnessing or elimination of key oral cavity pathogens is now feasible through the use of probiotic strains that are naturally adapted for oral cavity colonization and also are equipped to produce anti-competitor molecules such as the bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (viz BLIS). Some of these probiotics are capable of suppressing the proliferation of a variety of recognized microbial pathogens of the human mouth, thereby assisting with the restoration of oral microbiome homeostasis. BLIS K12 and BLIS M18, the progenitors of the BLIS-producing oral probiotics, are members of the human oral cavity commensal species Streptococcus salivarius. More recently however, a number of other streptococcal and some non-streptococcal candidate oral probiotics have also been promoted. What is becoming increasingly apparent is that the future for oral probiotic applications will probably extend well beyond the attempted limitation of the direct pathological consequences of oral microbiome dysbiosis to also encompass a plethora of systemic diseases and disorders of the human host. The background to and the evolving prospects for the beneficial modulation of the oral microbiome via the application of BLIS-producing S. salivarius probiotics comprises the principal focus of the present review.
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Wei X, Niu X. T follicular helper cells in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2023; 134:102976. [PMID: 36525939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells with the phenotype of mainly expressing surface molecules C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5), inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), secreting cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21) and requiring the transcription factor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6) have been recently defined as a new subset of CD4+ T cells. They exist in germinal centers (GCs) of lymphoid organs and in peripheral blood. With the ability to promote B cell development, GC formation and antibody production, Tfh cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), etc. The aberrant proliferation and function of Tfh cells will cause the pathological process like autoantibody production and tissue injury. In this paper, we review the recent advances in Tfh cell biology and their roles in autoimmune diseases, with a mention of their use as therapeutic targets, which will shed more light on the pathogenesis and treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Wei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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