1
|
Chen Y, Wang R, Dong R, Kou J, Lu C. Optimization and Parameter Investigation of the Planar Photocatalytic Microreactor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11590-11598. [PMID: 38776114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The microreactor could break the limitation of mass transfer and photon transmission in photocatalysis. Through a facile assembly method, a planar photocatalytic microreactor was constructed to fit most of the photocatalysts regardless of their strict preparation method. This microreactor exhibits a 2.41-fold efficiency compared to a bulk reactor. Parameters that affect the photocatalytic performance were discussed in detail by experiment and calculation. The diffusion rate is the main bottleneck in a planar microreactor under a laminar flow. The microreactor with lower height shows higher efficiency owing to faster mass transfer, while the length and width affect slightly. Elevating the light power density provides a diminishing benefit. Faster flow speed reduces the apparent degradation percent but increases the chemical reaction rate, in fact. The reaction rate increases to 9.31 times by reducing the height from 500 to 100 μm and grows another 1.76 times by adding the flow speed from 10 to 40 mL/h. This work illustrates the influence of parameters on planar photocatalytic microreactors and offers a promising prospect for large-volume photocatalytic water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Rulin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiahui Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiao Y, Chen Y, Liu L, Yu X, Tian G. Engineering of Ultra-Thin Layer of MIL-125(Ti) Nanosheet\Zn-Tetracarboxy-Phthalocyanine S-Scheme Heterojunction as Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Catalyst. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309094. [PMID: 38174629 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with ultrathin 2D structure have attracted remarkable attention in photocatalytic application owing to the accessibility of abundant active sites on the surface. But high charge recombination results in poor photocatalytic activity. Herein, the synthesis of ultrathin MIL-125(Ti) nanosheets is reported with a thickness of 1.3 nm through a simple chemical reaction route of precursor solution aging and subsequent solvothermal process for photocatalytic CO2 production. The maximal CO evolution rate achieves 200.8 µmol g-1 h-1, which is prominently higher than that (78.6 µmol g-1 h-1) of the bulk MIL-125(Ti) counterpart. Furthermore, the structurally stable Zn (II) tetracarboxy phthalocyanine (ZnTcPc) molecules assembly on ultrathin MIL-125(Ti) nanosheet (NS) to form MIL-125(Ti) NS\ZnTcPc S-scheme heterojunction through the strong interaction between the Ti3+ in MIL-125(Ti) and the COOH in ZnTcPc. The introduction of ZnTcPc greatly extends light absorption range and increases charge separation rate. The experimental and density functional theory calculation results validate that the MIL-125(Ti) NS\ZnTcPc S-scheme heterojunction can favor CO2 adsorption and effectively depress the formation energy of the intermediates, achieving a high CO evolution rate of 450.8 µmol g-1 h-1. This work provides a strategy of engineering 2D MOF-based heterostructure systems for photocatalytic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao X, Wang C, Wang C, Bai M, Hou T, Wang X, Yan C, Guan P, Hu X. Novel photocatalytic carbon dots: efficiently inhibiting amyloid aggregation and quickly disaggregating amyloid aggregates. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8074-8089. [PMID: 38563405 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). It is critical to develop high-performance drugs to combat amyloid-related diseases. Most identified nanomaterials exhibit limited biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy. In this work, we used a solvent-free carbonization process to prepare new photo-responsive carbon nanodots (CNDs). The surface of the CNDs is densely packed with chemical groups. CNDs with large, conjugated domains can interact with proteins through π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, CNDs possess the ability to generate singlet oxygen species (1O2) and can be used to oxidize amyloid. The hydrophobic interaction and photo-oxidation can both influence amyloid aggregation and disaggregation. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence analysis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy indicate that CNDs can block the transition of amyloid from an α-helix structure to a β-sheet structure. CNDs demonstrate efficacy in alleviating cytotoxicity induced by Aβ42 and exhibit promising blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. CNDs have small size, low biotoxicity, good fluorescence and photocatalytic properties, and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of amyloid-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Chaoli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Mengyao Bai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Tongtong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Chaoren Yan
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.
| | - Ping Guan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai B, Gao C, Guo J, Ding M, Xu Q, He S, Mou Y, Dong H, Hu M, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Lin Z. A Robust Pyro-phototronic Route to Markedly Enhanced Photocatalytic Disinfection. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38606881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis offers a direct, yet robust, approach to eradicate pathogenic bacteria. However, the practical implementation of photocatalytic disinfection faces a significant challenge due to low-efficiency photogenerated carrier separation and transfer. Here, we present an effective approach to improve photocatalytic disinfection performance by exploiting the pyro-phototronic effect through a synergistic combination of pyroelectric properties and photocatalytic processes. A set of comprehensive studies reveals that the temperature fluctuation-induced pyroelectric field promotes photoexcited carrier separation and transfer and thus facilitates the generation of reactive oxygen species and ultimately enhances photocatalytic disinfection performance. It is worth highlighting that the constructed film demonstrated an exceptional antibacterial efficiency exceeding 95% against pathogenic bacteria under temperature fluctuations and light irradiation. Moreover, the versatile modulation role of the pyro-phototronic effect in boosting photocatalytic disinfection was corroborated. This work paves the way for improving photocatalytic disinfection efficiency by harnessing the synergistic potential of various inherent material properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiahao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qinglin Xu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shaoxiong He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 118425, Singapore
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuo Dai
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yannan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 118425, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Wang R, Wei H, Dong R, Lu C, Kou J. Efficient liquid phase photothermal catalysis realized by Ag 2O/Bi 4O 5I 2via heat-localization in a microreactor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4104-4107. [PMID: 38516856 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06274k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
By constructing a Ag2O/Bi4O5I2 p-n heterojunction and applying a heat-localization microreactor, efficient photocatalysis enhanced by both photoinduced carrier separation and the photothermal effect was realized. This work focuses on the utilization of near-infrared light to broaden the absorption spectrum and accelerate the transportation of carriers. Through the production and localization of heat, it provides a novel thought for full-spectrum photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Rulin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Zhu W. Organic Donor-Acceptor Systems for Photocatalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307227. [PMID: 38145342 PMCID: PMC10933655 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor materials are considered to be promising photocatalysts due to their excellent light absorption by chromophores, easy molecular structure tuning, and solution-processable properties. In particular, donor-acceptor (D-A) type organic photocatalytic materials synthesized by introducing D and A units intra- or intermolecularly, have made great progress in photocatalytic studies. More and more studies have demonstrated that the D-A type organic photocatalytic materials combine effective carrier separation, tunable bandgap, and sensitive optoelectronic response, and are considered to be an effective strategy for enhancing light absorption, improving exciton dissociation, and optimizing carrier transport. This review provides a thorough overview of D-A strategies aimed at optimizing the photocatalytic performance of organic semiconductors. Initially, essential methods for modifying organic photocatalytic materials, such as interface engineering, crystal engineering, and interaction modulation, are briefly discussed. Subsequently, the review delves into various organic photocatalytic materials based on intramolecular and intermolecular D-A interactions, encompassing small molecules, conjugated polymers, crystalline polymers, supramolecules, and organic heterojunctions. Meanwhile, the energy band structures, exciton dynamics, and redox-active sites of D-A type organic photocatalytic materials under different bonding modes are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the advanced applications of organic photocatalystsand outlines prospective challenges and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated CircuitsMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated CircuitsMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang CY, Chang HE, Wang CY, Kurioka T, Chen CY, Mark Chang TF, Sone M, Hsu YJ. Manipulation of interfacial charge dynamics for metal-organic frameworks toward advanced photocatalytic applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1039-1058. [PMID: 38356624 PMCID: PMC10866133 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Compared to other known materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the highest surface area and the lowest densities; as a result, MOFs are advantageous in numerous technological applications, especially in the area of photocatalysis. Photocatalysis shows tantalizing potential to fulfill global energy demands, reduce greenhouse effects, and resolve environmental contamination problems. To exploit highly active photocatalysts, it is important to determine the fate of photoexcited charge carriers and identify the most decisive charge transfer pathway. Methods to modulate charge dynamics and manipulate carrier behaviors may pave a new avenue for the intelligent design of MOF-based photocatalysts for widespread applications. By summarizing the recent developments in the modulation of interfacial charge dynamics for MOF-based photocatalysts, this minireview can deliver inspiring insights to help researchers harness the merits of MOFs and create versatile photocatalytic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
| | - Huai-En Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
| | - Tomoyuki Kurioka
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Chun-Yi Chen
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tso-Fu Mark Chang
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Masato Sone
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yung-Jung Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan
- International Research Frontiers Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Wang R, Gao H, Huang H, Dong R, Lu C, Kou J. Elevating the Photocatalytic Performance of BiOCl by Promoting Light Utilization: From Co doping to the Microreactor. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1412-1419. [PMID: 38290430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its unique layered structure, BiOCl demonstrates high photocatalytic activity. However, its wide bandgap hinders the absorption of visible light. Doping modification is an effective method to expand the light absorption edge of photocatalysts by creating a doping energy level within the bandgap. Herein, Co as a variable valence element was used to dope the BiOCl nanosheets through a simple hydrothermal approach. As a result, the absorption edge of Co-BiOCl extends to the visible light region, and the photocatalytic performance was enhanced by 3.02 times. To overcome the shortcoming of photons being consumed easily in the bulk reactor, a planar microreactor was introduced to reduce the attenuation of light and accelerate the mass transfer. By comparison to the bulk reactor, a maximum of 15.3-fold additional activity promotion emerged. This work combines doping modification and reactor improvement to realize highly efficient photocatalysis in practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiguang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rulin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pu R, Yang X, Mu H, Xu Z, He J. Current status and future application of electrically controlled micro/nanorobots in biomedicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1353660. [PMID: 38314349 PMCID: PMC10834684 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1353660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Using micro/nanorobots (MNRs) for targeted therapy within the human body is an emerging research direction in biomedical science. These nanoscale to microscale miniature robots possess specificity and precision that are lacking in most traditional treatment modalities. Currently, research on electrically controlled micro/nanorobots is still in its early stages, with researchers primarily focusing on the fabrication and manipulation of these robots to meet complex clinical demands. This review aims to compare the fabrication, powering, and locomotion of various electrically controlled micro/nanorobots, and explore their advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Pu
- Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin He
- Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang H, Shi L, Qu Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu S, Ma H, Guo Z. Increasing Donor-Acceptor Interactions and Particle Dispersibility of Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Higher Crystallinity and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2296-2308. [PMID: 38189244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have recently emerged as an efficient class of photocatalysts due to their structural diversity and excellent stability. Nevertheless, the synthetic reactions of CTFs have usually suffered from poor reversibility, resulting in a low crystallinity of the materials. Here, we report the introduction of methoxy groups on the monomer 2,5-diphenylthiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole to reinforce interlayer π-π interactions of the resulting donor-acceptor type CTFs, which improved crystallinity, further increasing the visible light absorption range and allowing for efficient separation and transport of carriers. The morphology is strongly correlated to the wettability, which has a significant impact on the mass transfer capacity and photocatalytic activity in the photocatalytic reaction. To further improve crystallinity and photocatalytic activity, CTF-NWU-T3 photocatalysts in a bowl shape were prepared using a SiO2 template. The energy band structure, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and pollutant degradation efficiency of involved materials were investigated. The donor-acceptor type CTF-NWU-T3 with a bowl-shaped morphology, synthesized using the template method and the introduction of methoxy groups, exhibited an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 32064 μmol·h-1·g-1. This study highlights the significance of improving donor-acceptor interactions and increasing the dispersibility of catalyst particles in dispersion to enhance the photocatalytic activity of heterogeneous photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Lanting Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Zhi Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fu X, Zhou G, Li J, Yao Q, Han Z, Yang R, Chen X, Wang Y. Critical review on modified floating photocatalysts for emerging contaminants removal from landscape water: problems, methods and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140043. [PMID: 37660787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the disorderly discharge in modern production and daily life of people, emerging contaminants(ECs) began to appear in landscape water, and have become a key public concern. Because of the unique characteristics of landscape water, it is difficult to efficiently remove ECs either by natural purification or by traditional large-scale sewage treatment facilities. The ideal purification method is to remove them while maintaining a beautiful environment. Possessing the feature of low-density, floating photocatalysts could harvest sufficient light on the surface of the water for photocatalytic degradation, which may be an important supplement for ECs treatment in landscape water. This paper gave a review related to floating photocatalysts and proposed an idea of combining floating photocatalysts to construct bionic photocatalytic materials for contaminative landscape water treatment. Six types of common floating substrates and corresponding applications for floating photocatalysts were concluded in this paper, and the main problem leading to the low efficiency of photocatalysts and three corresponding three improvement strategies were discussed. Besides, the modification mechanisms of photocatalysts were discussed thoroughly. On this basis, the engineering application prospects of bionic photocatalytic materials were proposed to remove ECs in landscape water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Fu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Guangzhu Zhou
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jianping Li
- China Testing & Certification International Group Qingdao Jingcheng Testing Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266426, China.
| | - Qiuhui Yao
- The Third Exploration Team, Shandong Bureau of Coal Geology, Tai'an, 271000, China.
| | - Zuozhen Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Rongchao Yang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yuanhao Wang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Legaspi EDR, Regulacio MD. Nanocomposites of Cu 2O with plasmonic metals (Au, Ag): design, synthesis, and photocatalytic applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5683-5704. [PMID: 37881695 PMCID: PMC10597568 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00712j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal-semiconductor nanocomposites have been utilized in a multitude of applications in a wide array of fields, prompting substantial interest from different scientific sectors. Of particular interest are semiconductors paired with plasmonic metals due to the unique optical properties that arise from the individual interactions of these materials with light and the intercomponent movement of charge carriers in their heterostructure. This review focuses on the pairing of Cu2O semiconductor with strongly plasmonic metals, particularly Au and Ag. The design and synthesis of Au-Cu2O and Ag-Cu2O nanostructures, along with ternary nanostructures composed of the three components, are described, with in-depth discussion on the synthesis techniques and tunable parameters. The effects of compositing on the optical and electronic properties of the nanocomposites in the context of photocatalysis are discussed as well. Concluding remarks and potential areas for exploration are presented in the last section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Daniel R Legaspi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines
| | - Michelle D Regulacio
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang W, Xu C, Lyu Y, Lan Z, Li J, Ng DHL. Hierarchical hollow α-Fe 2O 3/ZnFe 2O 4/Mn 2O 3 Janus micromotors as dynamic and efficient microcleaners for enhanced photo-Fenton elimination of organic pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139530. [PMID: 37459924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors that can promote mass transport have attracted more and more research concern in the photocatalysis field. Here we first report a newly-designed hierarchical α-Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4/Mn2O3 magnetic micromotor as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the degradation of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The resulting three-dimensional (3D) flower-like hollow Janus micromotors are fabricated through a green and scalable strategy, in which each component has different functions. ZnFe2O4 microspheres serve as a magnetic scaffold for the nucleation and growth of α-Fe2O3 nanosheets and for the recycling of the micromachine. α-Fe2O3 nanosheets have shown great potential as an ideal semiconductor material for the photocatalytic decontamination of pollutants. Mn2O3 nanoparticles are mainly utilized as a catalyst to produce O2 bubbles to propel the autonomic movement of the micromotors in the presence of H2O2 fuel and also as a Fenton-like catalyst to decompose H2O2 to generate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the resultant micromotors exhibited linear-like motion form with an average speed of 189.1 μm s-1 in 5 wt% H2O2 solution. Moreover, the self-driven micromotors exhibited a superior catalytic degradation property toward MB, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of heterogeneous photocatalyst and the boosted micro-mixing and mass transfer caused by the vigorous motion of the micro-actuator. The possible degradation intermediates and passways of MB by α-Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4/Mn2O3 micromotor were identified with time of flight mass spectroscopy (TOF-MS). The 3D Janus micromotors have the potential to be used as a high-efficiency and active heterogeneous photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China; School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chaochao Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yangsai Lyu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ziwei Lan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Dickon H L Ng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang W, Deng Y, Zhao J, Zhang T, Zhang X, Song W, Wang L, Li T. Amoeba-Inspired Magnetic Venom Microrobots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207360. [PMID: 36869412 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature provides a successful evolutionary direction for single-celled organisms to solve complex problems and complete survival tasks - pseudopodium. Amoeba, a unicellular protozoan, can produce temporary pseudopods in any direction by controlling the directional flow of protoplasm to perform important life activities such as environmental sensing, motility, predation, and excretion. However, creating robotic systems with pseudopodia to emulate environmental adaptability and tasking capabilities of natural amoeba or amoeboid cells remains challenging. Here, this work presents a strategy that uses alternating magnetic fields to reconfigure magnetic droplet into Amoeba-like microrobot, and the mechanisms of pseudopodia generation and locomotion are analyzed. By simply adjusting the field direction, microrobots switch in monopodia, bipodia, and locomotion modes, performing all pseudopod operations such as active contraction, extension, bending, and amoeboid movement. The pseudopodia endow droplet robots with excellent maneuverability to adapt to environmental variations, including spanning 3D terrains and swimming in bulk liquids. Inspired by the "Venom," the phagocytosis and parasitic behaviors have also been investigated. Parasitic droplets inherit all the capabilities of amoeboid robot, expanding their applicable scenarios such as reagent analysis, microchemical reactions, calculi removal, and drug-mediated thrombolysis. This microrobot may provide fundamental understanding of single-celled livings, and potential applications in biotechnology and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Deng
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
- Research center for intelligent equipment, Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 400722, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
- Research center for intelligent equipment, Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 400722, P. R. China
| | - Tianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
- Research center for intelligent equipment, Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 400722, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lv Y, Pu R, Tao Y, Yang X, Mu H, Wang H, Sun W. Applications and Future Prospects of Micro/Nanorobots Utilizing Diverse Biological Carriers. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050983. [PMID: 37241607 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery using micro-nano robots (MNRs) is a rapidly advancing and promising field in biomedical research. MNRs enable precise delivery of drugs, addressing a wide range of healthcare needs. However, the application of MNRs in vivo is limited by power issues and specificity in different scenarios. Additionally, the controllability and biological safety of MNRs must be considered. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed bio-hybrid micro-nano motors that offer improved accuracy, effectiveness, and safety for targeted therapies. These bio-hybrid micro-nano motors/robots (BMNRs) use a variety of biological carriers, blending the benefits of artificial materials with the unique features of different biological carriers to create tailored functions for specific needs. This review aims to give an overview of the current progress and application of MNRs with various biocarriers, while exploring the characteristics, advantages, and potential hurdles for future development of these bio-carrier MNRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ruochen Pu
- College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yining Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Wang L, Zhang F, Zhang W, Shao G, Zhang P. Detecting and Quantifying Wavelength-Dependent Electrons Transfer in Heterostructure Catalyst via In Situ Irradiation XPS. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205020. [PMID: 36373728 PMCID: PMC9896054 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The identity of charge transfer process at the heterogeneous interface plays an important role in improving the stability, activity, and selectivity of heterojunction catalysts. And, in situ irradiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) coupled with UV light optical fiber measurement setup is developed to monitor and observe the photoelectron transfer process between heterojunction. However, the in-depth relationship of binding energy and irradiation light wavelength is missing based on the fact that the incident light is formed by coupling light with different wavelengths. Furthermore, a quantitative understanding of the charge transfer numbers and binding energy remains elusive. Herein, based on the g-C3 N4 /SnO2 model catalyst, a wavelength-dependent Boltzmann function to describe the changes of binding energy and wavelength through utilizing a continuously adjustable monochromatic light irradiation XPS technique is established. Using this method, this study further reveals that the electrons transfer number can be readily calculated forming an asymptotic model. This methodology provides a blueprint for deep understanding of the charge-transfer rules in heterojunction and facilitates the future development of highly active advanced catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Li
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Li Wang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Guosheng Shao
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| |
Collapse
|