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Liu J, Xu P, Liu B, Xi Z, Li Y, Guo L, Guan T, Zhu P, Meng Z, Wang S, Wang H, Xu M. Underwater Biomimetic Lateral Line Sensor Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Dynamic Pressure Monitoring and Trajectory Perception. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308491. [PMID: 38054766 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing desirable sensors is crucial for underwater perceptions and operations. The perceiving organs of marine creatures have greatly evolved to react accurately and promptly underwater. Inspired by the fish lateral line, this study proposes a triboelectric dynamic pressure sensor for underwater perception. The biomimetic lateral line sensor (BLLS) has high sensitivity to the disturbance amplitude/frequency, good adaptability to underwater environments and (relative) low cost. The sensors are deployed at the bottom of the test basin to perceive various moving objects, such as a robotic fish, robotic seal, etc. By analyzing the electrical signal of the sensor, the motion parameters of the objects passed over can be obtained. By monitoring signal variations across multiple sensors, the ability to sense different disturbance movement trajectories, including linear and angular trajectories, is achievable. The study will prove significant in forming an unconventional underwater perceiving method, which can back-up the sonic/optical sensors when are impaired in complex underwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
- Intelligent Biomimetic Design Lab, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Ziyue Xi
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yuanzheng Li
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Linan Guo
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Tangzhen Guan
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Zhaochen Meng
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Minyi Xu
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
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Kamat AM, Zheng X, Bos J, Cao M, Triantafyllou MS, Kottapalli AGP. Undulating Seal Whiskers Evolved Optimal Wavelength-to-Diameter Ratio for Efficient Reduction in Vortex-Induced Vibrations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304304. [PMID: 37847914 PMCID: PMC10787063 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Seals are well-known for their remarkable hydrodynamic trail-following capabilities made possible by undulating flow-sensing whiskers that enable the seals to detect fish swimming as far as 180 m away. In this work, the form-function relationship in the undulating whiskers of two different phocid seal species, viz. harbor and gray seals, is studied. The geometry and material properties of excised harbor and grey seal whiskers are systematically characterized using blue light 3D scanning, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. The effect of the undulating geometry on the whiskers' vibration in uniform water flow is studied using both experimental (piezoelectric MEMS and 3D-printed piezoresistive sensors developed in-house) and numerical (finite element method) techniques. The results indicate that the dimensionless ratio of undulation wavelength to mean whisker diameter (λ/Dm ) in phocid seals may have evolved to be in the optimal range of 4.4-4.6, enabling an order-of-magnitude reduction in vortex-induced vibrations (compared to a similarly-shaped circular cylinder) and, consequently, an enhanced flow sensing capability with minimal self-induced noise. The results highlight the importance of the dimensionless λ/Dm ratio in the biomimetic design of seal whisker-inspired vibration-resistant structures, such as marine risers and wake detection sensors for submarines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar M Kamat
- Bioinspired MEMS and Biomedical Devices, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Xingwen Zheng
- Bioinspired MEMS and Biomedical Devices, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Bos
- Bioinspired MEMS and Biomedical Devices, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Cao
- Discrete Technology and Production Automation Group, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Michael S Triantafyllou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- MIT Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli
- Bioinspired MEMS and Biomedical Devices, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
- MIT Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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