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Wang L, Zhu W. Organic Donor-Acceptor Systems for Photocatalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307227. [PMID: 38145342 PMCID: PMC10933655 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor materials are considered to be promising photocatalysts due to their excellent light absorption by chromophores, easy molecular structure tuning, and solution-processable properties. In particular, donor-acceptor (D-A) type organic photocatalytic materials synthesized by introducing D and A units intra- or intermolecularly, have made great progress in photocatalytic studies. More and more studies have demonstrated that the D-A type organic photocatalytic materials combine effective carrier separation, tunable bandgap, and sensitive optoelectronic response, and are considered to be an effective strategy for enhancing light absorption, improving exciton dissociation, and optimizing carrier transport. This review provides a thorough overview of D-A strategies aimed at optimizing the photocatalytic performance of organic semiconductors. Initially, essential methods for modifying organic photocatalytic materials, such as interface engineering, crystal engineering, and interaction modulation, are briefly discussed. Subsequently, the review delves into various organic photocatalytic materials based on intramolecular and intermolecular D-A interactions, encompassing small molecules, conjugated polymers, crystalline polymers, supramolecules, and organic heterojunctions. Meanwhile, the energy band structures, exciton dynamics, and redox-active sites of D-A type organic photocatalytic materials under different bonding modes are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the advanced applications of organic photocatalystsand outlines prospective challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated CircuitsMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated CircuitsMinistry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
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Bai Y, Liu T, Peng H, Zhao H, Fan Q, Pan X, Zhou L, Zhao H. Organoboron-thiophene-based polymer electrodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7215-7220. [PMID: 38419680 PMCID: PMC10901214 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer electrodes are drawing widespread attention to the future generation of lithium-ion battery materials. However, weak electrochemical performance of organic anode materials still exists, such as low capacity, low rate performance, and low cyclability. Herein, we successfully constructed a donor-acceptor thiophene-based polymer (PBT-1) by introducing an organoboron unit. The charge delocalization and lower LUMO energy level due to the unique structure enabled good performance in electrochemical tests with a reversible capacity of 405 mA h g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 and over 10 000 cycles at 1 A g-1. Moreover, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra revealed that the unique stable spin system in the PBT-1 backbone during cycling provides a fundamental explanation for the highly stable electrochemical performance. This work offers a reliable reference for the design of organic anode materials and expands the potential application directions of organoboron chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Huayu Peng
- New Energy (Photovoltaic) Industry Research Center, Qinghai University Xining 810006 People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhao
- New Energy (Photovoltaic) Industry Research Center, Qinghai University Xining 810006 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchen Fan
- New Energy (Photovoltaic) Industry Research Center, Qinghai University Xining 810006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- New Energy (Photovoltaic) Industry Research Center, Qinghai University Xining 810006 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Lian Zhou
- New Energy (Photovoltaic) Industry Research Center, Qinghai University Xining 810006 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
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Zhao H, Liu T, Zhang W, Wang J, Li K, Zhou Y, Liu L, Bai Y, Pan X. Organoboron flank-substituted donor-acceptor polymer anode with ultra-long cycling stability for lithium ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5141-5146. [PMID: 38259223 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The tunable structure and other properties of organic materials suggest that they can potentially solve the shortcomings of traditional anodes such as graphite. We successfully introduced an organoboron unit into the thiophene-based polymer PBT-2 to construct a donor-acceptor polymer anode. The charge delocalization and LUMO energy level resulting from the unique structure of this material enabled good redox activity and a very stable electrochemical performance in electrochemical tests, with a reversible capacity of 262 mA h g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 and >10 000 cycles at 1 A g-1 with a decay of 0.056‰ per cycle. Accordingly, targeted structural design to overcome the shortcomings of active units such as thiophene can effectively regulate their electrochemical performance, providing a solution for the development of high-performance anode materials for use in lithium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiadong Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kexuan Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yitong Zhou
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luzun Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- New Energy (Photovoltaic) Industry Research Center, Qinghai University, Xining 810006, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
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Ru C, Wang Y, Chen P, Zhang Y, Wu X, Gong C, Zhao H, Wu J, Pan X. Replacing CC Unit with B←N Unit in Isoelectronic Conjugated Polymers for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302384. [PMID: 37116108 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Three linear isoelectronic conjugated polymers PCC, PBC, and PBN are synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensation for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2 ) production from water. PBN presented an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 223.5 µmol h-1 (AQY420 = 23.3%) under visible light irradiation, which is 7 times that of PBC and 31 times that of PCC. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of PBN is due to the improved charge separation and transport of photo-induced electrons/holes originating from the lower exciton binding energy (Eb ), longer fluorescence lifetime, and stronger built-in electric field, caused by the introduction of the polar B←N unit into the polymer backbone. Moreover, the extension of the visible light absorption region and the enhancement of surface catalytic ability further increase the activity of PBN. This work reveals the potential of B←N fused structures as building blocks as well as proposes a rational design strategy for achieving high photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Ru
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jincai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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Liu D, Yang X, Chen P, Zhang X, Chen G, Guo Q, Hou H, Li Y. Rational Design of PDI-Based Linear Conjugated Polymers for Highly Effective and Long-Term Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300655. [PMID: 37000924 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Constructed through relatively weak noncovalent forces, the stability of organic supramolecular materials has shown to be a challenge. Herein, the designing of a linear conjugated polymer is proposed through creating a chain polymer connected via bridging covalent bonds in one direction and retaining π-stacked aromatic columns in its orthogonal direction. Specifically, three analogs of linear conjugated polymers through tuning the aromatic core and its covalently linked moiety (bridging group) within the building block monomer are prepared. Cooperatively supported by strong π-π stacking interactions from the extended aromatic core of perylene and favorable dipole-dipole interactions from the bridging group, the as-expected high crystallinity, wide light absorption, and increased stability are successfully achieved for Oxamide-PDI (perylene diimide) through ordered molecular arrangement, and present a remarkable full-spectrum oxygen evolution rate of 5110.25 µmol g-1 h-1 without any cocatalyst. Notably, experimental and theoretical studies reveal that large internal dipole moments within Oxamide-PDI together with its ordered crystalline structure enable a robust built-in electric field for efficient charge carrier migration and separation. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations also reveal oxidative sites located at carbon atoms next to imide bonds and inner bay positions based on proven spatially separated photogenerated electrons and holes, thus resulting in highly efficient water photolysis into oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Yang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Peiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xinling Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - GaoYuan Chen
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qiwei Guo
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huan Hou
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Future Science Research Institute, Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310013, P. R. China
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