1
|
Ariga K. Confined Space Nanoarchitectonics for Dynamic Functions and Molecular Machines. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:282. [PMID: 38399010 PMCID: PMC10892885 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has advanced the techniques for elucidating phenomena at the atomic, molecular, and nano-level. As a post nanotechnology concept, nanoarchitectonics has emerged to create functional materials from unit structures. Consider the material function when nanoarchitectonics enables the design of materials whose internal structure is controlled at the nanometer level. Material function is determined by two elements. These are the functional unit that forms the core of the function and the environment (matrix) that surrounds it. This review paper discusses the nanoarchitectonics of confined space, which is a field for controlling functional materials and molecular machines. The first few sections introduce some of the various dynamic functions in confined spaces, considering molecular space, materials space, and biospace. In the latter two sections, examples of research on the behavior of molecular machines, such as molecular motors, in confined spaces are discussed. In particular, surface space and internal nanospace are taken up as typical examples of confined space. What these examples show is that not only the central functional unit, but also the surrounding spatial configuration is necessary for higher functional expression. Nanoarchitectonics will play important roles in the architecture of such a total system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan;
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li M, Yang W, Cheng R, Liu X, Zhang Z, Tian X, Shi Y. Dipyridyl-Fused Quinoxalineimide (DPQI): A Strong Electron-Withdrawing Building Block for n-Type Polymer Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301009. [PMID: 38116900 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of new electron-withdrawing building blocks plays a key role in the development of n-type organic semiconductors. Herein, a strong electron-withdrawing building block, dipyridyl-fused quinoxalineimide (DPQI), was successfully designed and synthesized. Single-crystal structure reveals that DPQI molecule possesses a completely planar backbone, which is beneficial for charge transport. For comparison, dibenzo-fused quinoxalineimide (DBQI) was also synthesized. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels downshift with the incorporation of nitrogen atoms onto the π-conjugated backbone of quinoxalineimide. Two acceptor-acceptor (or all-acceptor) polymers P(BTI-DBQI) and P(BTI-DPQI) based on DBQI and DPQI were synthesized, respectively. Two polymers exhibit deep lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels (~-3.5 eV). Additionally, P(BTI-DPQI) exhibits unipolar n-type charge transport with μe of 1.4×10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the organic field-effect transistors (OFET), which render them highly attractive for developing n-type semiconductors device. This work demonstrates that DPQI is a promising building block for constructing n-type polymer semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Rong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Xuantong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| |
Collapse
|