1
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Fu Q, Lu K, Sun S, Dong Z. Recent advances in fluorescence and afterglow of CDs in matrices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1072-1098. [PMID: 38655703 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are novel nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm that have attracted much attention due to their outstanding optical properties. However, the development of solid-state fluorescence and afterglow methods has been relatively slow, although the properties of these materials under liquid conditions have been extensively studied. In recent years, embedding CDs in a matrix has been shown to prevent aggregation quenching and inhibit nonradiative transitions, thus realizing solid-state fluorescence and afterglow, which has greatly broadened the research and application areas of CDs. In terms of hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, covalent bonding and spatial confinement, the interactions between CDs and matrices can effectively realize and improve the solid-state fluorescence and afterglow effects of CDs. Recent applications of CDs in matrices in optoelectronics, information security, sensing, biotherapeutics and imaging are also summarized. Finally, we summarize the challenges and developments of CDs in matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kangzhi Lu
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouhong Sun
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhanhua Dong
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Aldakhil F, Alarfaj NA, Al-Tamimi SA, El-Tohamy MF. Hydrothermal synthesis of modified lignin-based carbon dots derived from biomass waste for fluorescence determination of valsartan. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19969-19982. [PMID: 38911833 PMCID: PMC11190890 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively investigated as potential tools for numerous applications. Modified lignin-based CDs have been synthesized and used in the field of drug detection. They were found to be highly selective and sensitive to valsartan (VAL). Using a simple hydrothermal method, phosphorus and chlorine co-doped CDs were synthesized using lignin extracted from date seeds. The fluorescence properties of the synthesized CDs are influenced by several factors, which were investigated in detail. The optimal synthesis conditions were 1.50 g of lignin, 18 mL of 2 M NaOH, 1 mM H3PO4, 3 mM HCl and the mixture was heated at 220 °C for 16 hours. The synthesized lignin-based CDs have excellent FL properties and are well soluble in water with reasonable stability. Characterization of the prepared CDs revealed that they have various functional groups with a graphene oxide-like structure. The developed CDs show a good quantum yield of 37.7%. The FL of the CDs is quenched by VAL at λ em 313 nm after λ ex at 275 nm by a combination of static and dynamic quenching mechanisms. The response of VAL was linear in the range of 4.0-100.0 μg mL-1. The detection and quantification limits of VAL were 1.23 and 3.71 μg mL-1, respectively. The nanoprobe was successfully used to analyze VAL in drug samples and provided satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Aldakhil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma A Al-Tamimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
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3
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Guo T, Yang F, Liu C, Hou D, Zheng Y, Gao H, Lin X, Sun H. Solid-State Red Carbon Dots Based on Biomass Furan Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11478-11486. [PMID: 38819949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In the preparation of carbon dots (CDs), precursors are crucial, and abundant precursors endow CDs with various structures and fluorescence characteristics. Furan (FU) and its derivatives are considered excellent carbonization materials due to their π conjugated structures and active functional groups, such as hydroxyl and aldehyde groups. Herein, we prepare FU-derivative-based CDs by a solvothermal method and investigate the influences of the precursor structure on the fluorescence characteristics. Surprisingly, CDs prepared from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with both aldehyde and hydroxyl groups exhibit red-shifted fluorescence characteristics in the solid state. We postulate that this solid-state fluorescence characteristic is due to the enhancement of supramolecular cross-linking fluorescence between CDs. The unique precursor structure leads to carboxyl groups on the surface of HMF-CDs that are conducive to the hydrogen bond formation. As the concentration of CDs increases, the hydrogen bonding effect increases, leading to a red-shift in the fluorescence wavelength. Therefore, basically full-color CDs/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) phosphor-based light-emitting diodes can be achieved by controlling the degree of supramolecular cross-linking of CDs in PVA. This research provides a new approach for the preparation of solid-state luminescent CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxuan Guo
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Defa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076, Yuhua Road, University City of Chenggong, 650500 Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
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4
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Guo H, Lu Y, Lei Z, Bao H, Zhang M, Wang Z, Guan C, Tang B, Liu Z, Wang L. Machine learning-guided realization of full-color high-quantum-yield carbon quantum dots. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4843. [PMID: 38844440 PMCID: PMC11156924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have versatile applications in luminescence, whereas identifying optimal synthesis conditions has been challenging due to numerous synthesis parameters and multiple desired outcomes, creating an enormous search space. In this study, we present a novel multi-objective optimization strategy utilizing a machine learning (ML) algorithm to intelligently guide the hydrothermal synthesis of CQDs. Our closed-loop approach learns from limited and sparse data, greatly reducing the research cycle and surpassing traditional trial-and-error methods. Moreover, it also reveals the intricate links between synthesis parameters and target properties and unifies the objective function to optimize multiple desired properties like full-color photoluminescence (PL) wavelength and high PL quantum yields (PLQY). With only 63 experiments, we achieve the synthesis of full-color fluorescent CQDs with high PLQY exceeding 60% across all colors. Our study represents a significant advancement in ML-guided CQDs synthesis, setting the stage for developing new materials with multiple desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Guo
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuhao Lu
- College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhendong Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Bao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Mingwan Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Cuntai Guan
- College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Bijun Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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5
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Guo T, Yang G, Li Y, Liu C, Yang F, Hou D, Sun H, Zheng Y, Lin X, Liu L. Crystallization-induced emission from F-doped carbon dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1997-2001. [PMID: 38633051 PMCID: PMC11019493 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00206g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, F-doped CDs with bright red SSF were synthesized by a solvothermal method using trifluoroethanol as the solvent and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde as the carbon source. Strong F-F interactions are vital for inducing crystallization, and solid luminescence is achieved by blocking the nonradiative energy dissipation pathways of crystalline organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxuan Guo
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University 300 Bailong Road Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Gaixia Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University 300 Bailong Road Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Yan Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University 300 Bailong Road Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University 300 Bailong Road Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Fulin Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University 300 Bailong Road Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Defa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University 300 Bailong Road Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University 300 Bailong Road Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University 300 Bailong Road Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University 300 Bailong Road Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Kunming 650233 China
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6
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Chen M, Liu C, Sun H, Yang F, Hou D, Zheng Y, Shi R, He X, Lin X. Application of Multicolor Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Tea Polyphenols in a White Light-Emitting Diode and Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9182-9189. [PMID: 38343193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are new carbon nanomaterials, among which those prepared from biomass are popular due to their excellent optical properties and environmental friendliness. As representative natural phenolic compounds, tea polyphenols are ideal precursors with fluorescent aromatic rings and phenolic hydroxyl structures. Usually, polyphenolic precursors can only be used to produce blue or green fluorescent CDs, and fluorescence in long wavelength domains, such as orange or red, cannot be achieved. Herein, the high reactivity of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in tea polyphenols with o-phthalaldehyde was exploited to modulate the pH during the carbonation process, which led to redshifts of the fluorescence wavelengths. Different pH values during the reaction caused the precursors to take different reaction paths and form fluorescent groups exhibiting different conjugated structures, resulting in carbon dots providing different fluorescent colors. Finally, by utilizing the in situ hydrolysis of ethyl orthosilicate, the tea polyphenol-based carbon dots were embedded into a silica matrix, inducing phosphorescence of the carbon dots. This study provides a new approach for green preparation and application of natural polyphenolic CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Chen
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Defa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, China
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7
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Lu Y, Yu W, Shi G, Zhang M. Room temperature cost-effective synthesis of carbon quantum dots for fluorescence pattern recognition of metal ions. Analyst 2024; 149:410-417. [PMID: 38063011 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a type of low-consuming carbon quantum dot (CD) has been synthesized at room temperature in just 45 minutes via Schiff base reaction between o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). These CDs are pH-dependent, so a novel label-free florescent sensor array can be constructed by utilizing buffers with various pH levels, which leads to distinctive fluorescence response patterns upon being challenged with metal ions for their pattern recognition. The results demonstrate that large-scale detection of metal ions can be achieved with as little as 3 types of sensors. Additionally, the sensors are able to discriminate between various metal ion concentrations and mixtures of different metal ions. The technique demonstrates potential uses in water quality monitoring by promising straightforward, quick, sensitive, and potent discrimination of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Wenbang Yu
- Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China.
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8
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Liu G, Li B, Li J, Dong J, Baulin VE, Feng Y, Jia D, Petrov YV, Tsivadze AY, Zhou Y. Photothermal Carbon Dots Chelated Hydroxyapatite Filler: High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency and Enhancing Adhesion of Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55335-55345. [PMID: 37994814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of photothermal carbon/hydroxyapatite composites poses challenges due to the binding modes and relatively low photothermal conversion efficiency. To address these challenges, the calcium ions chelated by photothermal carbon dots (PTC-CDs) served as the calcium source for the synthesis of photothermal carbon dots chelated hydroxyapatite (PTC-HA) filler via the coprecipitation method. The coordination constant K and chelation sites of PTC-HA were 7.20 × 102 and 1.61, respectively. Compared to PTC-CDs, the coordination constant K and chelation sites of PTC-HA decreased by 88 and 35% due to chelating to hydroxyapatite, respectively. PTC-HA possesses fluorescence and photothermal performance with a 62.4% photothermal conversion efficiency. The incorporation of PTC-HA filler significantly enhances as high as 76% the adhesion performance of the adhesive hydrogel. PTC-HA with high photothermal conversion efficiency and enhancing adhesion performance holds promise for applications in high photothermal conversion efficiency, offering tissue adhesive properties and fluorescence capabilities to the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Extreme Characteristics of Promising Nanostructured Materials, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Dong
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Vladimir E Baulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yujie Feng
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Dechang Jia
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yuri V Petrov
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Extreme Characteristics of Promising Nanostructured Materials, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu Tsivadze
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
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9
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Warjurkar K, Panda S, Sharma V. Red emissive carbon dots: a promising next-generation material with intracellular applicability. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8848-8865. [PMID: 37650569 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01378b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The accidental discovery of carbon dots (CDs) back in 2004 has led to their widespread use in the biomedical field. CDs have demonstrated their effectiveness in reporting 3D structures of biological specimens, identifying normal and cancer cells, and even detecting analytes within cells. However, the limitations of blue-green emitting CDs, such as their shallow penetration, photodamage, and auto-fluorescence, have hindered their practical applications. To overcome these limitations, red emissive CDs (RCDs) have been developed, which have deep tissue penetration, minimal photo-damage, low auto-fluorescence, and high imaging contrast. In this article, we present a thorough review on the use of RCDs in biomedical applications, including in vivo and in vitro bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, monitoring temperature and polarity changes in living cells, tumour therapy, and drug delivery. With the rapid progress being made in the development of RCDs for intracellular applications, their clinical application is expected to become a reality in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Warjurkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu-180012, India.
| | - Satyajit Panda
- Department of Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu-180012, India.
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10
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Chen R, Wang Z, Pang T, Teng Q, Li C, Jiang N, Zheng S, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Chen D, Yuan F. Ultra-Narrow-Bandwidth Deep-Red Electroluminescence Based on Green Plant-Derived Carbon Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302275. [PMID: 37228040 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Deep-red light-emitting diodes (DR-LEDs, >660 nm) with high color-purity and narrow-bandwidth emission are promising for full-color displays and solid-state lighting applications. Currently, the DR-LEDs are mainly based on conventional emitters such as organic materials and heavy-metal based quantum dots (QDs) and perovskites. However, the organic materials always suffer from the complicated synthesis, inferior color purity with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) more than 40 nm, and the QDs and perovskites still suffer from serious problems related to toxicity. Herein, this work reports the synthesis of efficient and high color-purity deep-red carbon dots (CDs) with a record narrow FWHM of 21 nm and a high quantum yield of more than 50% from readily available green plants. Moreover, an exciplex host is further established using a polymer and small molecular blend, which has been shown to be an efficient strategy for producing high color-purity monochrome emission from deep-red CDs via Förster energy transfer (FET). The deep-red CD-LEDs display high color-purity with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.692, 0.307). To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report of high color-purity CD-LEDs in the deep-red region, opening the door for the application of CDs in the development of high-resolution light-emitting display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjing Chen
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, College of Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Naizhong Jiang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Song Zheng
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Ruidan Zhang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yuanhui Zheng
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Daqin Chen
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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11
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Du F, Yang LP, Wang LL. Synthetic strategies, properties and sensing application of multicolor carbon dots: recent advances and future challenges. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8117-8135. [PMID: 37555267 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01329d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) as newly developed carbon-based nanomaterials due to advantages such as excellent photostability and easy surface functionalization have generated wide application prospects in fields such as biological imaging and chemical sensing. The multicolor emission carbon dots (M-CDs) were acquired through the selection of different carbon source precursors, change of synthesis conditions and synthesis environment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the latest research progress in polychromatic CDs from the perspectives of synthesis strategies, luminescent mechanisms, luminescent properties and applications. This review focuses on how to prepare MCDs by changing raw materials and synthesis conditions such as reaction temperature, synthesis time, synthesis pH, and synthesis solvent. This review also presents the optical properties of MCDs, concentration effects, solvent effects, pH effects, elemental doping, and surface passivation on them, as well as their creative applications in the field of sensing applications. It is anticipated that this review will serve as a guide for the development of multifunctional M-CDs and inspire future research on controllable design and preparation of M-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Du
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Chen M, Yang F, Hou D, Zheng Y, Liu C, Lin X, Li Y, Sun H. Preparation of Multicolor Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Catechol and o-Phthalaldehyde. Molecules 2023; 28:5303. [PMID: 37513177 PMCID: PMC10386174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the foremost category of carbon materials, carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively applied in many domains because of their special fluorescence features and outstanding biocompatibility. However, in early studies of fluorescent CDs, as the fluorescence wavelength of most CDs was restricted to the blue or green region and was excitation dependent, the application of CDs was limited. In this study, three representative CDs, fluorescing yellow, green, and blue, were synthesized under alkaline, neutral, and acidic circumstances, respectively, while using a hydrothermal method in which catechol and phthalaldehyde acted as carbon sources and methanol functioned as the reaction solvent. The carbon nuclei of the three fluorescent CDs all had comparable graphite structures. The diversity of photoluminescence (PL) emission from these three CDs was attributed mainly to the different sizes of the sp2 conjugated structures among them. Mixing synthesized CDs with epoxy resin, three colors (yellow, green, and blue) of LED using CIE coordinates (0.40, 0.44), (0.33, 0.46), and (0.21, 0.22), respectively, were successfully prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Defa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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