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Kong C, Wang F, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liu J, Feng K, Pei Y, Wu Y, Wang G. Constructing Three-Dimensional Architectures to Design Advanced Copper-Based Current Collector Materials for Alkali Metal Batteries: From Nanoscale to Microscale. Molecules 2024; 29:3669. [PMID: 39125073 PMCID: PMC11313890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) are deemed as the ideal anode materials for next-generation high-energy-density batteries because of their high theoretical specific capacity and low redox potentials. However, alkali metal anodes (AMAs) still face some challenges hindering their further applications, including uncontrollable dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase during cycling, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency and inferior cycling performance. In this regard, designing 3D current collectors as hosts for AMAs is one of the most effective ways to address the above-mentioned problems, because their sufficient space could accommodate AMAs' volume expansion, and their high specific surface area could lower the local current density, leading to the uniform deposition of alkali metals. Herein, we review recent progress on the application of 3D Cu-based current collectors in stable and dendrite-free AMAs. The most widely used modification methods of 3D Cu-based current collectors are summarized. Furthermore, the relationships among methods of modification, structure and composition, and the electrochemical properties of AMAs using Cu-based current collectors, are systematically discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future study and applications of Cu-based current collectors in high-performance alkali metal batteries are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Kong
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.K.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Fei Wang
- Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science & Technology University, Zhengzhou 450063, China;
| | - Yong Liu
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.K.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhongxiu Liu
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.K.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.K.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kaijia Feng
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.K.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yifei Pei
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.K.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yize Wu
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.K.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guangxin Wang
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.K.); (Z.L.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
- Research Center for High Purity Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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Gao C, Kang J, Zhang Y, He C, Shi C, Chen B, Ma L, Liu E, Sha J, Zhou F, Zhao N. Advances in anode current collectors with a lithiophilic gradient for lithium metal batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39086195 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is inevitably associated with serious safety risks due to the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites. Thus, to inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites, many researchers have focused on constructing three-dimensional porous current collectors with a high specific surface area. However, the homogeneous structure of porous collectors does not effectively guide the deposition of lithium metal to the bottom, leading to a phenomenon known as "top-growth." Recently, the construction of 3D porous current collectors with a lithiophilic gradient has been widely reported and regarded as an effective approach to inhibit lithium top-growth, thus improving battery safety. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress on such anode current collector design strategies, including surface modification of different base materials, design of gradient structures, and field factors, emphasizing their lithium-affinity mechanism and the advantages and disadvantages of different collector designs. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future research directions and applications of gradient affinity current collectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chunnian He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Biao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Liying Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Enzuo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Sha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Fengxin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, P. R. China
| | - Naiqin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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Wang K, Tieu AJK, Wu H, Shen F, Han X, Adams S. Oriented Structures for High Safety, Rate Capability, and Energy Density Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403797. [PMID: 38981016 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have emerged in recent years as highly promising candidates for high-density energy storage systems. Despite their immense potential, mutual constraints arise when optimizing energy density, rate capability, and operational safety, which greatly hinder the commercialization of LMBs. The utilization of oriented structures in LMBs appears as a promising strategy to address three key performance barriers: 1) low efficiency of active material utilization at high surface loading, 2) easy formation of Li dendrites and damage to interfaces under high-rate cycling, and 3) low ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes in high safety LMBs. This review aims to holistically introduce the concept of oriented structures, provide criteria for quantifying the degree of orientation, and elucidate their systematic effects on the properties of materials and devices. Furthermore, a detailed categorization of oriented structures is proposed to offer more precise guidance for the design of LMBs. This review also provides a comprehensive summary of preparation techniques for oriented structures and delves into the mechanisms by which these can enhance the energy density, rate capability, and safety of LMBs. Finally, potential applications of oriented structures in LMBs and the crucial challenges that need to be addressed in this field are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Aaron Jue Kang Tieu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Haowen Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaogang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Stefan Adams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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Huo X, Gong X, Liu Y, Yan Y, Du Z, Ai W. Conformal 3D Li/Li 13Sn 5 Scaffolds Anodes for High-Areal Energy Density Flexible Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309254. [PMID: 38326091 PMCID: PMC11005696 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Achieving a high depth of discharge (DOD) in lithium metal anodes (LMAs) is crucial for developing high areal energy density batteries suitable for wearable electronics. Yet, the persistent growth of dendrites compromises battery performance, and the significant lithium consumption during pre-lithiation obstructs their broad application. Herein, A flexible 3D Li13Sn5 scaffold is designed by allowing molten lithium to infiltrate carbon cloth adorned with SnO2 nanocrystals. This design markedly curbs the troublesome dendrite growth, thanks to the uniform electric field distribution and swift Li+ diffusion dynamics. Additionally, with a minimal SnO2 nanocrystals loading (2 wt.%), only 0.6 wt.% of lithium is consumed during pre-lithiation. Insights from in situ optical microscope observations and COMSOL simulations reveal that lithium remains securely anchored within the scaffold, a result of the rapid mass/charge transfer and uniform electric field distribution. Consequently, this electrode achieves a remarkable DOD of 87.1% at 10 mA cm-2 for 40 mAh cm-2. Notably, when coupled with a polysulfide cathode, the constructed flexible Li/Li13Sn5@CC||Li2S6/SnO2@CC pouch cell delivers a high-areal capacity of 5.04 mAh cm-2 and an impressive areal-energy density of 10.6 mWh cm-2. The findings pave the way toward the development of high-performance LMAs, ideal for long-lasting wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Huo
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Xin Gong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Yonghui Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Zhuzhu Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Wei Ai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
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5
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Bi J, Liu Y, Du Z, Wang K, Guan W, Wu H, Ai W, Huang W. Bottom-Up Magnesium Deposition Induced by Paper-Based Triple-Gradient Scaffolds toward Flexible Magnesium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309339. [PMID: 37918968 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced magnesium metal batteries (MMBs) has been hindered by longstanding challenges, such as the inability to induce uniform magnesium (Mg) nucleation and the inefficient utilization of Mg foil. This study introduces a novel solution in the form of a flexible, lightweight, paper-based scaffold that incorporates gradient conductivity, magnesiophilicity, and pore size. This design is achieved through an industrially adaptable papermaking process in which the ratio of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes to softwood cellulose fibers is meticulously adjusted. The triple-gradient structure of the scaffold enables the regulation of Mg ion flux, promoting bottom-up Mg deposition. Owing to its high flexibility, low thickness, and reduced density, the scaffold has potential applications in flexible and wearable electronics. Accordingly, the triple-gradient electrodes exhibit stable operation for over 1200 h at 3 mA cm-2 /3 mAh cm-2 in symmetrical cells, markedly outperforming the non-gradient and metallic Mg alternatives. Notably, this study marks the first successful fabrication of a flexible MMB pouch full cell, achieving an impressive volumetric energy density of 244 Wh L-1 . The simplicity and scalability of the triple-gradient design, which uses readily available materials through an industrially compatible papermaking process, open new doors for the production of flexible, high-energy-density metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Bi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhuzhu Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wanqing Guan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wei Ai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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6
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Li S, Liu Y, Wang K, Hu X, Guan W, Du Z, Du H, Ai W. Sustainable release of LiNO 3 in carbonate electrolytes for stable lithium metal anodes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2649-2652. [PMID: 38348769 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
LiNO3 is recognized as an effective additive, forming a dense, nitrogen-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium's surface, which safeguards it from parasitic reactions. However, its use is limited due to the poor solubility in carbonate electrolytes. Herein, we introduce a bilayer separator designed to release LiNO3 sustainably. This continual release not only alters the chemistry of the SEI but also replenishes the additives that are depleted during battery cycling, thereby enhancing the durability of the modified interphase. This strategy effectively curtails Li dendrite formation, significantly enhancing the longevity of Li|LiFePO4 batteries, evidenced by an impressive 85% capacity retention after 800 cycles. This research offers a compelling remedy to the longstanding challenge of incorporating LiNO3 in carbonate electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Hu
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Wanqing Guan
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Zhuzhu Du
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Hongfang Du
- Fujian Cross Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wei Ai
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Liu Y, He C, Bi J, Li S, Du H, Du Z, Guan W, Ai W. High-Areal Capacity, High-Rate Lithium Metal Anodes Enabled by Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Mesh. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305964. [PMID: 37759425 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hosts hold great prospects for addressing the dendrite growth and volume expansion of the Li metal anode, but Li dendrites are still observable under the conditions of high deposition capacity and/or high current density. Herein, a nitrogen-doped graphene mesh (NGM) is developed, which possesses a conductive and lithiophilic scaffold for efficient Li deposition. The abundant nanopores in NGM can not only provide sufficient room for Li deposition, but also speed up Li ion transport to achieve a high-rate capability. Moreover, the evenly distributed N dopants on the NGM can guide the uniform nucleation of Li so that to inhibit dendrite growth. As a result, the composite NGM@Li anode shows satisfactory electrochemical performances for Li-S batteries, including a high capacity of 600 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at 1 C and a rate capacity of 438 mAh g-1 at 3 C. This work provides a new avenue for the fabrication of graphene-based hosts with large areal capacity and high-rate capability for Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Liu
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chen He
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jingxuan Bi
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hongfang Du
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhuzhu Du
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wanqing Guan
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Ai
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Zhou Z, Hu X, Liu Y, Li S, Guan W, Du Z, Ai W. Stabilizing Lithium-Metal Host Anodes by Covalently Binding MgF 2 Nanodots to Honeycomb Carbon Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4530-4539. [PMID: 38241522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Constructing lithiophilic carbon hosts has been regarded as an effective strategy for inhibiting Li dendrite formation and mitigating the volume expansion of Li metal anodes. However, the limitation of lithiophilic carbon hosts by conventional surface decoration methods over long-term cycling hinders their practical application. In this work, a robust host composed of ultrafine MgF2 nanodots covalently bonded to honeycomb carbon nanofibers (MgF2/HCNFs) is created through an in situ solid-state reaction. The composite exhibits ultralight weight, excellent lithiophilicity, and structural stability, contributing to a significantly enhanced energy efficiency and lifespan of the battery. Specifically, the strong covalent bond not only prevents MgF2 nanodots from migrating and aggregating but also enhances the binding energy between Mg and Li during the molten Li infusion process. This allows for the effective and stable regulation of repeated Li plating/stripping. As a result, the MgF2/HCNF-Li electrode delivers a high Coulombic efficiency of 97% after 200 cycles, cycling stably for more than 2000 h. Furthermore, the full cells with a LiFePO4 cathode achieve a capacity retention of 85% after 500 cycles at 0.5C. This work provides a strategy to guide dendrite-free Li deposition patterns toward the development of high-performance Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiaoqi Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wanqing Guan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhuzhu Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Ai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
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