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Zhou X, Gao F, Gao W, Wang Q, Li X, Li X, Li W, Liu J, Zhou H, Luo A, Chen C, Liu Z. Bismuth Sulfide Nanoflowers Facilitated miR339 Delivery to Overcome Stemness and Radioresistance through Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 8 in Esophageal Cancer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19232-19246. [PMID: 38996055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Despite the superior efficacy of radiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), radioresistance by cancer stem cells (CSCs) leads to recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop CSC-based therapies to enhance radiotherapy. miR-339-5p (miR339) is involved in stem cell division and DNA damage checkpoint signaling pathways based on ESCC cohort. miR339 inhibited ESCC cell stemness and enhanced radiation-induced DNA damage by targeting USP8, suggesting that it acts as a potential CSC regulator and radiosensitizer. Considering the limited circulating periods and poor tumor-targeting ability of miRNA, a multifunctional nanoplatform based on bismuth sulfide nanoflower (Bi@PP) is developed to efficiently deliver miR339 and improve radioresistance. Intriguingly, Bi@PP encapsulates more miR339 owing to their flower-shaped structure, delivering more than 1000-fold miR339 into cells, superior to free miR339 alone. Besides being used as a carrier, Bi@PP is advantageous for dynamically monitoring the distribution of delivered miR339 in vivo while simultaneously inhibiting tumor growth. Additionally, Bi@PP/miR339 can significantly enhance radiotherapy efficacy in patient-derived xenograft models. This multifunctional platform, incorporating higher miRNA loading capacity, pH responsiveness, hypoxia relief, and CT imaging, provides another method to promote radiosensitivity and optimize ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuantong Zhou
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Fene Gao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qingzhen Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jing Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huige Zhou
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Research Unit of Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Aiping Luo
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Research Unit of Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Zhang X, Zhong Y, Yang Q. FOXM1 Upregulates O-GlcNAcylation Level Via The Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway to Promote Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01393-8. [PMID: 39031247 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant challenges in treatment and prognosis because of its aggressive nature and high metastatic potential. This study aims to investigate the role of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and its association with HCC progression and prognosis. We identified SPP1 and FOXM1 as hub genes within the HBP pathway, showing their correlation with poor prognosis and late-stage progression. In addition, the analysis uncovered the complex participation of the HBP pathway in nutrients and oxygen reactions, PI3K-AKT signaling, AMPK activation, and angiogenesis regulation. The disruption of these pathways is pivotal in influencing the growth and progression of HCC. Targeting the HBP presents a promising therapeutic approach to modulate the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. In addition, FOXM1 was identified as the HBP pathway regulator, influencing cellular O-GlcNAcylation level and VEGF secretion, thereby promoting angiogenesis in HCC. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation significantly hindered angiogenesis, which is suggested as a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention. Our research demonstrates the practicality of using the HBP-related gene as a prognostic marker in liver cancer patients and suggests targeting FOXM1 as a novel avenue for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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Long G, Wang D, Tang J, Hu K, Zhou L. USP8 promotes the tumorigenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via stabilizing OGT. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:238. [PMID: 38973004 PMCID: PMC11229306 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination was considered to be a crucial factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) development. Herein, we identified Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) as a key regulator for promoting the tumorigenesis of iCCA cell via stabilizing OGT. USP8 was overexpressed in human tumor tissues and correlated with worse survival. Moreover, the mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that USP8 interacted with OGT. USP8 worked as a bona fide deubiquitylase of OGT. It stabilized OGT in a deubiquitylation activity-dependent manner. Meanwhile, DUB-IN3, the USP8 inhibitor, could also restrain the malignancy of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In addition, USP8 depletion promoted the response of iCCA to pemigatinib. In conclusion, our findings pointed to a previously undocumented catalytic role for USP8 as a deubiquitinating enzyme of OGT. The USP8-OGT axis could be a potential target for iCCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianing Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ledu Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Zeng L, Liu X, Geng C, Gao X, Liu L. Ferroptosis in cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 28:304. [PMID: 38774452 PMCID: PMC11106693 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death depending on iron and reactive oxygen species. This unique cell death process has attracted a great deal of attention in the field of cancer research over the past decade. Research on the association of ferroptosis signal pathways and cancer development indicated that targeting ferroptosis has great potential for cancer therapy. In the present study, the latest research progress of ferroptosis was reviewed, focusing on the relationship between ferroptosis and the development of cancer, in order to further promote the clinical application of ferroptosis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Chengjie Geng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Langxia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Xu D, Zhu D, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Huang X. Overexpression of USP8 inhibits inflammation and ferroptosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by regulating the OTUB1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2024; 52:60-67. [PMID: 38970266 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i4.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a familiar disease, and owns high morbidity and mortality, which critically damages the health of patients. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) is a pivotal protein to join in the regulation of some diseases. In a previous report, it was determined that USP8 expression is down-regulated in LPS-treated BEAS-2B cells, and USP8 restrains inflammatory response and accelerates cell viability. However, the regulatory roles of USP8 on ferroptosis in COPD are rarely reported, and the associated molecular mechanisms keep vague. OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory functions of USP8 in COPD progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS The lung functions were measured through the Buxco Fine Pointe Series Whole Body Plethysmography (WBP). The Fe level was tested through the Fe assay kit. The protein expressions were assessed through western blot. The levels of tumor necrosis -factor-α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 8 were evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay. Cell viability was tested through CCK-8 assay. RESULTS In this work, it was discovered that overexpression of USP8 improved lung function in COPD mice. In addition, overexpression of USP8 repressed ferroptosis by regulating glutathione peroxidase 4 and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family 4 expressions in COPD mice. Overexpression of USP8 suppressed inflammation in COPD mice. Furthermore, overexpression of USP8 suppressed ferroptosis in COPD cell model. At last, it was verified that overexpression of USP8 accelerated ubiquitin aldehyde-binding protein 1 (OTUB1)/solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) pathway. CONCLUSION This study manifested that overexpression of USP8 restrained inflammation and ferroptosis in COPD by regulating the OTUB1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. This discovery hinted that USP8 could be a potential target for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufeng Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Wang Y, Yan D, Liu J, Tang D, Chen X. Protein modification and degradation in ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103259. [PMID: 38955112 PMCID: PMC11267077 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-related oxidative cell death governed by an integrated redox system, encompassing pro-oxidative proteins and antioxidative proteins. These proteins undergo precise control through diverse post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, SUMOylation, methylation, N-myristoylation, palmitoylation, and oxidative modification. These modifications play pivotal roles in regulating protein stability, activity, localization, and interactions, ultimately influencing both the buildup of iron and lipid peroxidation. In mammalian cells, regulators of ferroptosis typically undergo degradation via two principal pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which handles the majority of protein degradation, and autophagy, primarily targeting long-lived or aggregated proteins. This comprehensive review aims to summarize recent advances in the post-translational modification and degradation of proteins linked to ferroptosis. It also discusses strategies for modulating ferroptosis through protein modification and degradation systems, providing new insights into potential therapeutic applications for both cancer and non-neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ding Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA.
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Xu Y, Xing Z, Abdalla Ibrahim Suliman R, Liu Z, Tang F. Ferroptosis in liver cancer: a key role of post-translational modifications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375589. [PMID: 38650929 PMCID: PMC11033738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an emerging form of regulated cell death in an oxidative stress- and iron-dependent manner, primarily induced by the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Manipulation of ferroptosis has been considered a promising therapeutic approach to inhibit liver tumor growth. Nevertheless, the development of resistance to ferroptosis in liver cancer poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial enzymatic catalytic reactions that covalently regulate protein conformation, stability and cellular activities. Additionally, PTMs play pivotal roles in various biological processes and divergent programmed cell death, including ferroptosis. Importantly, key PTMs regulators involved in ferroptosis have been identified as potential targets for cancer therapy. PTMs function of two proteins, SLC7A11, GPX4 involved in ferroptosis resistance have been extensively investigated in recent years. This review will summarize the roles of PTMs in ferroptosis-related proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyao Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Zichuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengyuan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Thinking Biomed (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
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Tang J, Long G, Xiao D, Liu S, Xiao L, Zhou L, Tao Y. ATR-dependent ubiquitin-specific protease 20 phosphorylation confers oxaliplatin and ferroptosis resistance. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e463. [PMID: 38124786 PMCID: PMC10732327 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance is a major clinic challenge in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ferroptosis is a kind of iron-dependent cell death. Triggering ferroptosis is considered to restore sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the present study, we found that USP20 was overexpressed in OXA-resistant HCC cells. High expression of USP20 in HCC was associated with poor prognosis. USP20 contributes OXA resistance and suppress ferroptosis in HCC. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of USP20 triggered ferroptosis and increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to OXA both in vitro and in vivo. Coimmunoprecipitation results revealed that the UCH domain of USP20 interacted with the N terminal of SLC7A11. USP20 stabilized SLC7A11 via removing K48-linked polyubiquitination of SLC7A11 protein at K30 and K37. Most importantly, DNA damage-induced ATR activation was required for Ser132 and Ser368 phosphorylation of USP20. USP20 phosphorylation at Ser132 and Ser368 enhanced its stability and thus conferred OXA and ferroptosis resistance of HCC cells. Our study reveals a previously undiscovered association between OXA and ferroptosis and provides new insight into mechanisms regarding how DNA damage therapies always lead to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, targeting USP20 may mitigate the development of drug resistance and promote ferroptosis of HCC in patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tang
- Department of Liver SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Guo Long
- Department of Liver SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of OncologyInstitute of Medical SciencesNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Liver SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ledu Zhou
- Department of Liver SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of PathologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineNHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University)Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer and Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized MedicineSecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer MetabolismHunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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