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Ahaliabadeh Z, Miikkulainen V, Mäntymäki M, Mousavihashemi S, Yao L, Jiang H, Huotari S, Kankaanpää T, Kallio T, Colalongo M. Surface and Grain Boundary Coating for Stabilizing LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 Based Electrodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400272. [PMID: 38894598 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of high-capacity Ni-rich layered oxides such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811), in lithium-ion batteries is hindered due to practical capacity loss and reduced working voltage during operation. Aging leads to defective NMC811 particles, affecting electrochemical performance. Surface modification offers a promising approach to improve cycle life. Here, we introduce an amorphous lithium titanate (LTO) coating via atomic layer deposition (ALD), not only covering NMC811 surfaces but also penetrating cavities and grain boundaries. As NMC811 electrodes suffer from low structural stability during charge and discharge, We combined electrochemistry, operando X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dilatometry to understand structural changes and the coating protective effects. XRD reveals significant structural evolution during delithiation for uncoated NMC811. The highly reversible phase change in coated NMC811 highlights enhanced bulk structure stability. The LTO coating retards NMC811 degradation, boosting capacity retention from 86 % to 93 % after 140 cycles. This study underscores the importance of grain boundary engineering for Ni-rich layered oxide electrode stability and the interplay of chemical and mechanical factors in battery aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ahaliabadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science (CMAT), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Ville Miikkulainen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science (CMAT), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Miia Mäntymäki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Seyedabolfazl Mousavihashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science (CMAT), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Lide Yao
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | | | - Tanja Kallio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science (CMAT), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Mattia Colalongo
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science (CMAT), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
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2
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Fu Q, Zhao L, Luo X, Hobich J, Döpping D, Rehnlund D, Mutlu H, Dsoke S. Electrochemical Investigations of Sulfur-Decorated Organic Materials as Cathodes for Alkali Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311800. [PMID: 38164806 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Alkali metal-sulfur batteries (particularly, lithium/sodium- sulfur (Li/Na-S)) have attracted much attention because of their high energy density, the natural abundance of sulfur, and environmental friendliness. However, Li/Na-S batteries still face big challenges, such as limited cycle life, poor conductivity, large volume changes, and the "shuttle effect" caused by the high solubility of Li/Na-polysulfides. Herein, novel organosulfur-containing materials, i.e., bis(4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)disulfide (BiTEMPS-OH) and 2,4-thiophene/arene copolymer (TAC) are proposed as cathode materials for Li and Na batteries. BiTEMPS-OH shows an initial discharge/charge capacity of 353/192 mAh g-1 and a capacity of 62 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA g-1 in ether-based Li-ion electrolyte. Meanwhile, TAC has an initial discharge/charge capacity of 270/248 mAh g-1 and better cycling performance (106 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles) than BiTEMPS-OH in the same electrolyte. However, the rate capability of TAC is limited by the slow diffusion of Li-ions. Both materials show inferior electrochemical performances in Na battery cells compared to the Li analogs. X-ray powder diffraction reveals that BiTEMPS-OH loses its crystalline structure permanently upon cycling in Li battery cells. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates the cleavage and partially reversible formation of S-S bonds in BiTEMPS-OH and the formation/decomposition of thick solid electrolyte interphase on the electrode surface of TAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Xianlin Luo
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan Hobich
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG 3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D, 76344, Germany, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
| | - Daniel Döpping
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG 3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D, 76344, Germany, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
| | - David Rehnlund
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG 3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D, 76344, Germany, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361 CNRS/ Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse Cedex, 68057, France
| | - Sonia Dsoke
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Šić E, Schutjajew K, Haagen U, Breitzke H, Oschatz M, Buntkowsky G, Gutmann T. Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301300. [PMID: 37847475 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report on an improved cell assembly of cylindrical electrochemical cells for 23 Na in-situ solid-state NMR (ssNMR) investigations. The cell set-up is suitable for using powder electrode materials. Reproducibility of our cell assembly is analyzed by preparing two cells containing hard carbon (HC) powder as working electrode and sodium metal as reference electrode. Electrochemical storage properties of HC powder electrode derived from carbonization of sustainable cellulose are studied by ssNMR. 23 Na in-situ ssNMR monitors the sodiation/desodiation of a Na|NaPF6 |HC cell (cell 1) over a period of 22 days, showing high cell stability. After the galvanostatic process, the HC powder material is investigated by high resolution 23 Na ex-situ MAS NMR. The formation of ionic sodium species in different chemical environments is obtained. Subsequently, a second Na|NaPF6 |HC cell (cell 2) is sodiated for 11 days achieving a capacity of 220 mAh/g. 23 Na ex-situ MAS NMR measurements of the HC powder material extracted from this cell clearly indicate the presence of quasi-metallic sodium species next to ionic sodium species. This observation of quasi-metallic sodium species is discussed in terms of the achieved capacity of the cell as well as of side reactions of sodium in this electrode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Šić
- Eduard Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schutjajew
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Haagen
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hergen Breitzke
- Eduard Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Oschatz
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Eduard Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Kou L, Wang Y, Song J, Ai T, Wattanapaphawong P, Kajiyoshi K. Enhancing the performance of aqueous zinc ion battery cathodes with a floral spherical V 5O 12·6H 2O/V 6O 13/CNT nanocomposite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31003-31011. [PMID: 37938867 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) offer a promising approach for electrical energy storage, combining cost-effectiveness and enhanced thermal safety. However, the cathode material, vanadium oxide, while known for its excellent theoretical specific capacity, faces a challenge in terms of its poor electronic conductance. In this study, we present a novel strategy to address this limitation by constructing the V5O12·6H2O/V6O13/CNT (VOH/CNT) nanocomposite, resulting in significantly improved electrochemical performance. This nanocomposite was synthesized through a facile solvothermal method, yielding a unique floral spherical structure featuring a central cluster and multiple smaller groupings. The integration of CNTs into the composite significantly enhanced its electronic conductance, effectively mitigating the electronic conductance issue associated with vanadium oxide. Moreover, the composite retains crystalline water within its structure, playing a crucial role in providing a favorable ion-conductive pathway. Consequently, the VOH/CNT nanocomposite exhibits an impressive reversible capacity of 201 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1, surpassing that of VOH (116 mA h g-1). Remarkably, even at a high current density, the VOH/CNT nanocomposite demonstrates an exceptional capacity retention, maintaining a capacity of 150 mA h g-1 over 500 cycles at 1 A g-1. Its outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to its distinctive structural arrangement, the conductive network facilitated by CNTs, and the introduced crystalline water component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjiang Kou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China.
- Research Laboratory of Hydrothermal Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8081, Japan.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China.
| | - Jiajia Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China.
- Research Laboratory of Hydrothermal Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8081, Japan.
| | - Taotao Ai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China.
| | - Panya Wattanapaphawong
- Research Laboratory of Hydrothermal Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8081, Japan.
| | - Koji Kajiyoshi
- Research Laboratory of Hydrothermal Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8081, Japan.
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5
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Bozzini B, Boniardi M, Caielli T, Casaroli A, Emanuele E, Mancini L, Sodini N, Strada J. Electrochemical Cycling Behaviour and Shape Changes of Zn Electrodes in Mildly Acidic Aqueous Electrolytes Containing Quaternary Ammonium Salts. ChemElectroChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Bozzini
- Department of Energy Politecnico di Milano via Lambruschini 4 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Boniardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano via la Masa 1 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Tommaso Caielli
- Department of Energy Politecnico di Milano via Lambruschini 4 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Casaroli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano via la Masa 1 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Elisa Emanuele
- Department of Energy Politecnico di Milano via Lambruschini 4 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Lucia Mancini
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG) Dimičeva ulica 12 SI-1000 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. S.S. 14–km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149, Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | - Nicola Sodini
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. S.S. 14–km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149, Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | - Jacopo Strada
- Department of Energy Politecnico di Milano via Lambruschini 4 20156 Milano Italy
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Sandaka BP, Kumar J. Alternative vehicular fuels for environmental decarbonization: a critical review of challenges in using electricity, hydrogen, and biofuels as a sustainable vehicular fuel. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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7
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Zhu X, Ali RN, Song M, Tang Y, Fan Z. Recent Advances in Polymers for Potassium Ion Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245538. [PMID: 36559905 PMCID: PMC9788096 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are considered to be an effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their abundant resources, low cost, and similar electrochemical properties of K+ to Li+, and they have a good application prospect in the field of large-scale energy storage batteries. Polymer materials play a very important role in the battery field, such as polymer electrode materials, polymer binders, and polymer electrolytes. Here in this review, we focus on the research progress of polymers in KIBs and systematically summarize the research status and achievements of polymer electrode materials, electrolytes, and binders in potassium ion batteries in recent years. Finally, based on the latest representative research of polymers in KIBs, some suggestions and prospects are put forward, which provide possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqun Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Rai Nauman Ali
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ming Song
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Yingtao Tang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Zhengwei Fan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
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8
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Zhao D, Wang C, Ding Y, Ding M, Cao Y, Chen Z. Will Vanadium-Based Electrode Materials Become the Future Choice for Metal-Ion Batteries? CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200479. [PMID: 35384327 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage system due to their unlimited resources and competitive price/performance ratio. Vanadium-based compounds have diverse oxidation states rendering various open-frameworks for ions storage. To date, some vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have shown great potential as high-performance electrode materials. However, there has been a growing concern regarding the cost and environmental risk of vanadium. In this Review, all links in the industry chain of vanadium-based electrodes were comprehensively summarized, starting with an analysis of the resources, applications, and price fluctuation of vanadium. The manufacturing processes of the vanadium extraction and recovery technologies were discussed. Moreover, the commercial potentials of some typical electrode materials were critically appraised. Finally, the environmental impact and sustainability of the industry chain were evaluated. This critical Review will provide a clear vision of the prospects and challenges of developing vanadium-based electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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9
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Armillotta F, Bidoggia D, Baronio S, Biasin P, Annese A, Scardamaglia M, Zhu S, Bozzini B, Modesti S, Peressi M, Vesselli E. Single Metal Atom Catalysts and ORR: H-Bonding, Solvation, and the Elusive Hydroperoxyl Intermediate. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Armillotta
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Bidoggia
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Baronio
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Biasin
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Annese
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Suyun Zhu
- MAX IV Laboratory, Fotongatan 8, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Silvio Modesti
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Peressi
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Vesselli
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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10
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Barbosa J, Gonçalves R, Costa CM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Toward Sustainable Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14457-14464. [PMID: 35572743 PMCID: PMC9089680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used energy storage system because of their high energy density and power, robustness, and reversibility, but they typically include an electrolyte solution composed of flammable organic solvents, leading to safety risks and reliability concerns for high-energy-density batteries. A step forward in Li-ion technology is the development of solid-state batteries suitable in terms of energy density and safety for the next generation of smart, safe, and high-performance batteries. Solid-state batteries can be developed on the basis of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) that may rely on natural polymers in order to replace synthetic ones, thereby taking into account environmental concerns. This work provides a perspective on current state-of-the-art sustainable SPEs for lithium-ion batteries. The recent developments are presented with a focus on natural polymers and their relevant properties in the context of battery applications. In addition, the ionic conductivity values and battery performance of natural polymer-based SPEs are reported, and it is shown that sustainable SPEs can become essential components of a next generation of high-performance solid-state batteries synergistically focused on performance, sustainability, and circular economy considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João
C. Barbosa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
| | - Renato Gonçalves
- Center
of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Luin U, Arčon I, Valant M. Structure and Population of Complex Ionic Species in FeCl2 Aqueous Solution by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030642. [PMID: 35163907 PMCID: PMC8839570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies for mass production require cheap and abundant materials such as ferrous chloride (FeCl2). The literature survey shows the lack of experimental studies to validate theoretical conclusions related to the population of ionic Fe-species in the aqueous FeCl2 solution. Here, we present an in situ X-ray absorption study of the structure of the ionic species in the FeCl2 aqueous solution at different concentrations (1–4 molL−1) and temperatures (25–80 °C). We found that at low temperature and low FeCl2 concentration, the octahedral first coordination sphere around Fe is occupied by one Cl ion at a distance of 2.33 (±0.02) Å and five water molecules at a distance of 2.095 (±0.005) Å. The structure of the ionic complex gradually changes with an increase in temperature and/or concentration. The apical water molecule is substituted by a chlorine ion to yield a neutral Fe[Cl2(H2O)4]0. The observed substitutional mechanism is facilitated by the presence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds as well as entropic reasons. The transition from the single charged Fe[Cl(H2O)5]+ to the neutral Fe[Cl2(H2O)4]0 causes a significant drop in the solution conductivity, which well correlates with the existing conductivity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Luin
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia; (U.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Iztok Arčon
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia; (U.L.); (I.A.)
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaz Valant
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia; (U.L.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Shafique A, Rangasamy VS, Vanhulsel A, Safari M, Gross S, Adriaensens P, Van Bael MK, Hardy A, Sallard S. Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Coating of Sulfur for Mitigation of Capacity Fade in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28072-28089. [PMID: 34100584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur particles with a conductive polymer coating of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) "PEDOT" were prepared by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technology under atmospheric conditions (low temperature, ambient pressure). We report a solvent-free, low-cost, low-energy-consumption, safe, and low-risk process to make the material development and production compatible for sustainable technologies. Different coating protocols were developed to produce PEDOT-coated sulfur powders with electrical conductivity in the range of 10-8-10-5 S/cm. The raw sulfur powder (used as the reference) and (low-, optimum-, high-) PEDOT-coated sulfur powders were used to assemble lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells with a high sulfur loading of ∼4.5 mg/cm2. Long-term galvanostatic cycling at C/10 for 100 cycles showed that the capacity fade was mitigated by ∼30% for the cells containing the optimum-PEDOT-coated sulfur in comparison to the reference Li-S cells with raw sulfur. Rate capability, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance analyzes confirmed the improved behavior of the PEDOT-coated sulfur as an active material for lithium-sulfur batteries. The Li-S cells containing optimum-PEDOT-coated sulfur showed the highest reproducibility of their electrochemical properties. A wide variety of bulk and surface characterization methods including conductivity analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and NMR spectroscopy were used to explain the chemical features and the superior behavior of Li-S cells using the optimum-PEDOT-coated sulfur material. Moreover, postmortem [SEM and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)] analyzes of uncoated and coated samples allowed us to exclude any significant effect at the electrode scale even after 70 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shafique
- Sustainable Materials, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Vijay Shankar Rangasamy
- Sustainable Materials, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Annick Vanhulsel
- Sustainable Materials, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Mohammadhosein Safari
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Imec vzw, div. imomec, Wetenschapspark 1, B 2590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Silvia Gross
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Imec vzw, div. imomec, Wetenschapspark 1, B 2590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marlies K Van Bael
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Imec vzw, div. imomec, Wetenschapspark 1, B 2590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - An Hardy
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Imec vzw, div. imomec, Wetenschapspark 1, B 2590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Sallard
- Sustainable Materials, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
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