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Goi YK, Liang YY. Impact of temperature and forward osmosis membrane properties on the concentration polarization and specific energy consumption of hybrid desalination system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32246-32263. [PMID: 38648004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates how temperature and forward osmosis (FO) membrane properties, such as water permeability (A), solute permeability (B), and structural parameter (S), affect the specific energy consumption (SEC) of forward osmosis-reverse osmosis system. The results show that further SEC reduction beyond the water permeability of 3 LMH bar-1 is limited owing to high concentration polarization (CP). Increasing S by 10-fold increases FO recovery by 177.6%, causing SEC decreases by 33.6%. However, membrane with smaller S also increases external CP. To reduce SEC, future work should emphasize mixing strategies to reduce external CP. Furthermore, increasing the temperature from 10 to 40 °C can reduce SEC by 14.3%, highlighting the energy-saving potential of temperature-elevated systems. The factorial design indicates that at a lower temperature, increasing A and decreasing S have a more significant impact on reducing SEC. This underlines the importance of developing advanced FO membranes, particularly for lower-temperature processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ken Goi
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Yong Yeow Liang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Shahgodari S, Labanda J, Llorens J. Experimental and Modeling Study of the Nanofiltration of Alcohol-Based Molecules and Amino Acids by Commercial Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:631. [PMID: 37504997 PMCID: PMC10384295 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The nanofiltration performance of three commercial membranes was analyzed by the Steric Pore Model (SPM) and the extended Nernst-Planck diffusion equation inside membrane pores. The model was completed with the equation to predict the concentration polarization, and the mass transfer coefficient was determined by considering the presence of a feed spacer. The model parameters that characterized the performance of the membrane were the hydrodynamic coefficient, which accounts for the possible variations in solute size and membrane pore radius, the effective membrane thickness, and the water permeability coefficient. All experiments were conducted at fixed feed pH of 6. The rejections of uncharged solutes (glucose for membranes with a high molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) and glycerol and ethylene glycol for membranes with a low MWCO) allowed the model parameters to be determined. We found that glycerol and ethylene glycol overestimate the membrane pore radius due to their ability to interact with the membrane matrix. Therefore, the rejection of glycine as a small amino acid was explored to characterize the membranes with low MWCO since these molecules do not interact with the membrane matrix and have an almost zero charge at pH values between 4.5 and 6.5. Based on the experimental rejections, it was stated that glucose and glycine could be separated by these membranes operating in continuous diafiltration mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Shahgodari
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Labanda
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Llorens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Luo J, Li M, Hoek EMV, Heng Y. Supercomputing and machine learning-aided optimal design of high permeability seawater reverse osmosis membrane systems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00075-0. [PMID: 36774298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentration polarization (CP) should limit the energy and cost reducing benefits of high permeability seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes operating at a water flux higher than normal one. Herein, we propose a multiscale optimization framework coupling membrane permeability, feed spacer design (sub-millimeter scale) and system design (meter scale) via computational fluid dynamics and system level modeling using advanced supercomputing in conjunction with machine learning. Simulation results suggest energy consumption could be reduced by 27.5% (to 1.66 kWh m-3) predominantly through the use of high permeability SWRO membranes (12.2%) and a two-stage design (14.5%). Without optimization, CP approaches 1.52 at the system inlet, whereas the optimized CP is limited to 1.20. This work elucidates the optimized permeability, module design, operating scheme and benefits of high permeability SWRO membranes in seawater desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Luo
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou (NSCC-GZ), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona CA 91768, USA
| | - Eric M V Hoek
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Institute of the Environment & Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles CA 90095, USA; Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720, USA
| | - Yi Heng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou (NSCC-GZ), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Foo K, Liang YY, Lau WJ, Khan MMR, Ahmad AL. Performance of Hypersaline Brine Desalination Using Spiral Wound Membrane: A Parametric Study. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:248. [PMID: 36837751 PMCID: PMC9958817 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Desalination of hypersaline brine is known as one of the methods to cope with the rising global concern on brine disposal in high-salinity water treatment. However, the main problem of hypersaline brine desalination is the high energy usage resulting from the high operating pressure. In this work, we carried out a parametric analysis on a spiral wound membrane (SWM) module to predict the performance of hypersaline brine desalination, in terms of mass transfer and specific energy consumption (SEC). Our analysis shows that at a low inlet pressure of 65 bar, a significantly higher SEC is observed for high feed concentration of brine water compared with seawater (i.e., 0.08 vs. 0.035) due to the very low process recovery ratio (i.e., 1%). Hence, an inlet pressure of at least 75 bar is recommended to minimise energy consumption. A higher feed velocity is also preferred due to its larger productivity when compared with a slightly higher energy requirement. This study found that the SEC reduction is greatly affected by the pressure recovery and the pump efficiencies for brine desalination using SWM, and employing them with high efficiencies (ηR ≥ 95% and ηpump ≥ 50%) can reduce SEC by at least 33% while showing a comparable SEC with SWRO desalination (<5.5 kWh/m3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Foo
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia
| | - Yong Yeow Liang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Md Maksudur Rahman Khan
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia
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Multiscale Analysis of Permeable and Impermeable Wall Models for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, high permeability membranes (HPMs) have attracted wide attention in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination. However, the limitation of hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics for conventional spiral wound modules defeats the advantage of HPMs. Feed spacer design is one of the effective ways to improve module performance by enhancing permeation flux and mitigating membrane fouling. Herein, we propose a multiscale modeling framework that integrates a three-dimensional multi-physics model with a permeable wall and an impermeable wall, respectively, at a sub-millimeter scale and a system-level model at a meter scale. Using the proposed solution framework, a thorough quantitative analysis at different scales is conducted and it indicates that the average errors of the friction coefficient and the Sherwood number using the impermeable wall model are less than 2% and 9%, respectively, for commercial SWRO membrane (water permeability 1 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) and HPMs (3 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, 5 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and 10 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) systems, compared to the predictions using the permeable wall model. Using both the permeable and impermeable wall models, the system-level simulations, e.g., specific energy consumption, average permeation flux, and the maximum concentration polarization factor at the system inlet are basically the same (error < 2%), while the impermeable wall model has a significant advantage in computational efficiency. The multiscale framework coupling the impermeable wall model can be used to guide the efficient and accurate optimal spacer design and system design for HPMs using, e.g., a machine learning approach.
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Goi Y, Liang Y, Lau W, Fimbres Weihs G. Analysis of the effect of advanced FO spacer on the specific energy consumption of hybrid RO desalination system. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Junker MA, de Vos WM, de Grooth J, Lammertink RG. Relating uncharged solute retention of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer nanofiltration membranes to effective structural properties. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Study of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in the bench-scale membrane testing devices. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Junker MA, de Vos WM, Lammertink RG, de Grooth J. Bridging the gap between lab-scale and commercial dimensions of hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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A Review of CFD Modelling and Performance Metrics for Osmotic Membrane Processes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100285. [PMID: 33076290 PMCID: PMC7602433 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Simulation via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) offers a convenient way for visualising hydrodynamics and mass transport in spacer-filled membrane channels, facilitating further developments in spiral wound membrane (SWM) modules for desalination processes. This paper provides a review on the use of CFD modelling for the development of novel spacers used in the SWM modules for three types of osmotic membrane processes: reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). Currently, the modelling of mass transfer and fouling for complex spacer geometries is still limited. Compared with RO, CFD modelling for PRO is very rare owing to the relative infancy of this osmotically driven membrane process. Despite the rising popularity of multi-scale modelling of osmotic membrane processes, CFD can only be used for predicting process performance in the absence of fouling. This paper also reviews the most common metrics used for evaluating membrane module performance at the small and large scales.
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Toh K, Liang Y, Lau W, Fletcher D. CFD study of the effect of perforated spacer on pressure loss and mass transfer in spacer-filled membrane channels. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Micari M, Diamantidou D, Heijman B, Moser M, Haidari A, Spanjers H, Bertsch V. Experimental and theoretical characterization of commercial nanofiltration membranes for the treatment of ion exchange spent regenerant. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Hou L, Kuang S, Yu A. Modeling of the variations of permeate flux, concentration polarization, and solute rejection in nanofiltration system. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou, 310027 China
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering Monash University Melbourne Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Lian Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Shibo Kuang
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering Monash University Melbourne Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - Aibing Yu
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering Monash University Melbourne Victoria, 3800 Australia
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15
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Mass transfer in 1812 spiral wound modules: Experimental study in dextrose-water nanofiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Fernández de Labastida M, Licón EE, Bondarenko M, Yaroshchuk A. Rotating disk-like membrane cell for pressure-driven measurements with equally-accessible membrane surface: Numerical simulation and experimental validation. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Implications of inhomogeneous distribution of concentration polarization for interpretation of pressure-driven membrane measurements. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Rohlfs W, Thiel GP, Lienhard V JH. Modeling reverse osmosis element design using superposition and an analogy to convective heat transfer. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Completo C, Semiao V, Geraldes V. Efficient CFD-based method for designing cross-flow nanofiltration small devices. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Ratnayake P, Setiawan R, Bao J, Fimbres-Weihs G, Wiley DE. Spatio-temporal frequency response analysis of forced slip velocity effect on solute concentration oscillations in a reverse osmosis membrane channel. Comput Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Koutsou CP, Karabelas AJ. A novel retentate spacer geometry for improved spiral wound membrane (SWM) module performance. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Almazán JE, Romero-Dondiz EM, Rajal VB, Castro-Vidaurre EF. Nanofiltration of glucose: Analysis of parameters and membrane characterization. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Rodrigues C, Rodrigues M, Semiao V, Geraldes V. Enhancement of mass transfer in spacer-filled channels under laminar regime by pulsatile flow. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Setiawan R, Ratnayake P, Bao J, Fimbres Weihs GA, Wiley DE. Reduced-order model for the analysis of mass transfer enhancement in membrane channel using electro-osmosis. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Review of the dielectric properties of nanofiltration membranes and verification of the single oriented layer approximation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 173:1-11. [PMID: 22405540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The structuring of water at soft solid surfaces remains an area of great interest to colloid science as a whole and has many applications in relation to colloid stability, foams, and wetting films as well as being central to membrane separations. Quantitatively calculating the structural components of thin layers of water and the interaction forces of hydrated molecules with the surface of pores through a layer of water having modified structure is one of the most important challenges in the physics of surface phenomenon. In this paper these effects are reviewed and discussed in relation to the confines of a capillary pore. Membrane nanofiltration is extremely complex and is dependent on the micro-hydrodynamics and interfacial events occurring at the membrane surface and within the membrane nanopores. There is significant debate as to the exact nature of these complex phenomena and rejection is typically attributed to a combination of steric and electrical effects. The electrical effects are less well understood and in particular the contribution of dielectric exclusion. A review of the two competing descriptions of dielectric exclusion is presented along with the theories currently used in modelling this phenomena. A series of rejection experiments of 0.01 M salt solutions at the membrane isoelectric point has been performed for the NF270 and NF99HF membranes. The dielectric constants inside the nanopore are calculated and these values were consistent for three of the salts studied, indicating that a simplistic model based on Born theory is accurate enough for engineering calculations and that ion solvation is most likely to be the more appropriate dielectric exclusion mechanism for true nanofiltration membranes.
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27
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Silva V, Martín Á, Martínez F, Malfeito J, Prádanos P, Palacio L, Hernández A. Electrical characterization of NF membranes. A modified model with charge variation along the pores. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Koutsou C, Yiantsios S, Karabelas A. A numerical and experimental study of mass transfer in spacer-filled channels: Effects of spacer geometrical characteristics and Schmidt number. J Memb Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Cavaco Morão A, Szymczyk A, Fievet P, Brites Alves A. Modelling the separation by nanofiltration of a multi-ionic solution relevant to an industrial process. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Pal S, Bharihoke R, Chakraborty S, Ghatak SK, De S, DasGupta S. An experimental and theoretical analysis of turbulence promoter assisted ultrafiltration of synthetic fruit juice. Sep Purif Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Geraldes V, Brites Alves AM. Computer program for simulation of mass transport in nanofiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Numerical study of mass transfer in three-dimensional spacer-filled narrow channels with steady flow. J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Santos J, Geraldes V, Velizarov S, Crespo J. Investigation of flow patterns and mass transfer in membrane module channels filled with flow-aligned spacers using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Geraldes V, Afonso MD. Prediction of the concentration polarization in the nanofiltration/reverse osmosis of dilute multi-ionic solutions. J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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