1
|
Kern S, Lerner R, Schork N, Nirschl H, Heijnen M, Guthausen G. MRI on a new polymeric multichannel membrane for ultrafiltration. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1083180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane ultrafiltration in new polymeric multi-channel membranes designed for in-out filtration was investigated to get insights into structure, flow and filtration properties. The apparent novelty of the membrane concerns the geometry and configuration of the feed channels. In-situ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows non-invasive and non-destructive investigations with adequate spatial and time resolution. The structure of the new polymeric membrane was measured with an in-plane spatial resolution of 35 µm/pixel revealing first the polymer density distribution over the 19-channel membrane and second the wettability of the fiber and its cavities of different dimensions. MRI was also used to answer questions about flow and consequently feed distribution in the channels. Finally, in-situ filtration of an aqueous solution of sodium alginate was observed which led to deposit formation at the channel’s inner surfaces. The kinetics of this deposit formation was quantified. Backwashing and flushing gave insight into the cleanability of the channels.
Collapse
|
2
|
Electric field assisted assembly of nanoparticle loaded microspheres toward industrial applications for organic dye removal. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
3
|
Gulamussen NJ, Donse D, Arsénio AM, Heijman SGJ, Rietveld LC. Softening with Ceramic Micro-Filtration for Application on Water Reclamation for Industrial Recirculating Cooling Systems. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:980. [PMID: 36295739 PMCID: PMC9607096 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a global need for optimizing the use of water that has resulted from increased demand due to industrial development, population growth, climate change and the pollution of natural water resources. One of the solutions is to use reclaimed water in industrial applications that do not require water of potable quality, such as cooling water. However, for cooling water, (treated) wastewater's hardness is too high, apart from having a high load of suspended solids and organic matter. Therefore, a combination of softening with ceramic micro-filtration was proposed for treating wastewater treatment effluent containing fouling agents for potential use in industrial cooling systems. The effectiveness of the softening process on model-treated wastewater with calcium hydroxide in the presence of phosphate and sodium alginate was first evaluated using jar tests. Furthermore, membrane fouling was studied when filtering the softened water. The results showed that the inhibition of calcium carbonate precipitation occurred when inorganic substances, such as phosphate and organic compounds, were present in the water. The fouling of the membranes due to sodium alginate in water was only slightly negatively affected when combined with softening and phosphate. Therefore, this combination of treatments could be potentially helpful for the post-treatment of secondary effluent for cooling systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Jehan Gulamussen
- Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo P.O. Box 257, Mozambique
| | - Daniël Donse
- Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - André Marques Arsénio
- Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Gerard Jozef Heijman
- Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Cornelis Rietveld
- Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park K, Lee D, Lim JH, Hong J, Lim G. Four-Dimensional Visualization of Microscale Dynamics of Membrane Oil Fouling via Synchrotron Radiation Microcomputed Tomography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9884-9891. [PMID: 35921519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although oil-water separation technology via wettability-controlled membranes has emerged as a promising technology to treat oily wastewater, membrane fouling by faulents such as sludge flocs and colloids, and the consequent clogging of pores, severely degrades the efficiency of filtration systems. One of the main promotors of fouling by faulents is oil fouling, which is also a form of fouling itself. Despite considerable practical and academic interest in the analysis of oil-fouled membranes, direct visualization of the entire process of oil infiltration into hydrophilic membranes is still preliminary owing to (i) the similar optical contrast and physical density between oil and water, (ii) the low penetration depth of imaging methods, and (iii) the lack of 3D segmentation capability. In this study, microcomputed X-ray tomography using tunable synchrotron radiation provided direct high-speed 3D visualization of the microscale dynamics of the oil infiltration of a prewetted hydrophilic filter membrane over time. Direct visualization of the interfacial dynamics of oil infiltration opens a window into the complex liquid (water/oil)-gas-solid interface and thus helps furnish an in-depth understanding of oil fouling in the prewetted membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Lee
- Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunbae Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bristow NW, Vogt SJ, Bucs SS, Vrouwenvelder JS, Johns ML, Fridjonsson EO. Novel Magnetic Resonance Measurements of Fouling in Operating Spiral Wound Reverse Osmosis Membrane Modules. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117006. [PMID: 33744656 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic resonance measurement (MRM) protocol for non-invasive monitoring of fouling in spiral wound reverse osmosis (SWRO) membrane modules is demonstrated. Sodium alginate was used to progressively foul a commercial SWRO membrane at industrially relevant operating conditions in a circulating flow loop. The MRM protocol showcased the following: (i) earlier, more sensitive detection and quantification of fouling in the membrane module compared to feed-channel pressure drop. This was achieved using appropriate detection of the total nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal. (ii) 2D cross-sectional imaging of the location of the accumulated foulant material; this was preferentially located adjacent to the membrane spacer sheet nodes, which was subsequently confirmed by a module autopsy. This image contrast, which could also readily differentiate the membrane, feed spacer and permeate spacer regions, was realised based on differences in the NMR relaxation parameter, T2,eff. (iii) High frequency acquisition of 2D cross-sectional velocity images of the module revealing very localised flow channelling in response to gradual foulant accumulation which impacted significantly on the flow pattern within the central permeate tube. Collectively this NMR/MRI measurement protocol provides a powerful analysis tool for the evolution of fouling in such complex modules, thus ultimately enabling more informed module design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Bristow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sarah J Vogt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Szilard S Bucs
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Michael L Johns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Einar O Fridjonsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Compressed sensing MRI to characterize sodium alginate deposits during cross-flow filtration in membranes with a helical ridge. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
7
|
Tummons E, Han Q, Tanudjaja HJ, Hejase CA, Chew JW, Tarabara VV. Membrane fouling by emulsified oil: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
8
|
Park K, Kim JH, Kim BJ, Cho SJ, Hong J, Lim G. Direct Visualization of Microscale Dynamics of Water Droplets on under-Oil-Hydrophilic Membranes by Using Synchrotron White-Beam X-ray Microimaging Techniques. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10548-10554. [PMID: 32787016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable academical and practical interests on separation of water-in-oil emulsion via special wettable membranes, fundamental understanding on microscale dynamics of water droplets on under-oil-hydrophilic membranes (UOHMs) at early stages during separation is still very preliminary due to temporal and spatial resolution of existing visualization techniques. To this end, we here succeed in a direct microscopic visualization of separation processes of water droplets on the UOHMs by employing a high-speed, two-dimensional synchrotron white-beam X-ray microimaging technique. During the separation of water-in-oil emulsion, microscale dynamic behaviors of water droplets on hydrophilic membrane surfaces immersed in the different oil media (i.e., hexane, kerosene, and light and heavy mineral oils) and oil films between water droplets and membrane surfaces are visualized and analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Jae Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong J Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sang-doro, Sangdo-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunbae Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zargar M, Ujihara R, Vogt SJ, Vrouwenvelder JS, Fridjonsson EO, Johns ML. Imaging of membrane concentration polarization by NaCl using 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
10
|
Structural Characterisation of Deposit Layer during Milk Protein Microfiltration by Means of In-Situ MRI and Compositional Analysis. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10040059. [PMID: 32244407 PMCID: PMC7231400 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein fractionation by microfiltration membranes is an established but still growing field in dairy technology. Even under cross-flow conditions, this filtration process is impaired by the formation of a deposit by the retained protein fraction, mainly casein micelles. Due to deposition formation and consequently increased overall filtration resistance, the mass flow of the smaller whey protein fraction declines within the first few minutes of filtration. Currently, there are only a handful of analytical techniques available for the direct observation of deposit formation with opaque feed media and membranes. Here, we report on the ongoing development of a non-invasive and non-destructive method based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and its application to characterise deposit layer formation during milk protein fractionation in ceramic hollow fibre membranes as a function of filtration pressure and temperature, temporally and spatially resolved. In addition, the chemical composition of the deposit was analysed by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). We correlate the structural information gained by in-situ MRI with the protein amount and composition of the deposit layer obtained by RP-HPLC. We show that the combination of in-situ MRI and chemical analysis by RP-HPLC has the potential to allow for a better scientific understanding of the pressure and temperature dependence of deposit layer formation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Loginov M, Doudiès F, Hengl N, Pignon F, Gésan-Guiziou G. Influence of membrane resistance on swelling and removal of colloidal filter cake after filtration pressure release. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
12
|
Simkins J, Schuhmann S, Guthausen G, Heijnen M, Codd S, Seymour J. Characterization of biofilm distribution in hollow fiber membranes using Compressed Sensing Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
13
|
Rudolph G, Virtanen T, Ferrando M, Güell C, Lipnizki F, Kallioinen M. A review of in situ real-time monitoring techniques for membrane fouling in the biotechnology, biorefinery and food sectors. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Schork N, Schuhmann S, Nirschl H, Guthausen G. In situ measurement of deposit layer formation during skim milk filtration by MRI. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:738-748. [PMID: 30604888 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Filtration and separation via membranes are key processes in food processing. One major application of membrane filtration is in the dairy industry, aiming for the separation of different milk proteins. The various chemical components of milk possess different physiochemical properties and can be used most effectively in food processing if they are separately available and remain in their native state. Microfiltration of skim milk allows a fractionation of the milk proteins casein and whey by size. A deposit is formed on the membrane surface mainly but not exclusively by micellar casein proteins during filtration. Membrane pore blockage by whey proteins and fouling occur during membrane filtration, negatively affecting the yield of the whey protein fraction. Skim milk filtration and the deposit layer formation were measured time and spatially resolved by in situ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The nature of the fouling layer was investigated during dead-end filtration in ceramic hollow fiber membranes. MRI was used to further clarify the influence of operating conditions on separation and filtration mechanisms that are responsible for growth of the fouling layer and its reversibility. The MRI measurements were analyzed for a detailed description of skim milk filtration by modeling the signal intensity distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Schork
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schuhmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gisela Guthausen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wypysek D, Rall D, Wiese M, Neef T, Koops GH, Wessling M. Shell and lumen side flow and pressure communication during permeation and filtration in a multibore polymer membrane module. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
16
|
Rey C, Hengl N, Baup S, Karrouch M, Dufresne A, Djeridi H, Dattani R, Pignon F. Velocity, stress and concentration fields revealed by micro-PIV and SAXS within concentration polarization layers during cross-flow ultrafiltration of colloidal Laponite clay suspensions. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
17
|
Simple Theoretical Results on Reversible Fouling in Cross-Flow Membrane Filtration. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9040048. [PMID: 30987233 PMCID: PMC6523922 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In cross-flow membrane filtration, fouling results from material deposit which clogs the membrane inner surface. This hinders filtration, which experiences the so-called limiting flux. Among the models proposed by the literature, we retain a simple one: a steady-state reversible fouling is modelled with the use of a single additional parameter, i.e., Nd, the ratio of the critical concentration for deposition to the feed concentration at inlet. To focus on fouling, viscous pressure drop and osmotic (counter-)pressure have been chosen low. It results in a minimal model of fouling. Solved thoroughly with the numerical means appropriate to enforce the nonlinear coupling between permeation and concentration polarization, the model delivers novel information. It first shows that permeation is utterly governed by solute transfer, the relevant non-dimensional quantities being hence limited to Nd and Pein, the transverse Péclet number. Furthermore, when the role played by Nd and moderate Pein (say Pein<40) is investigated, all results can be interpreted with the use of a single non-dimensional parameter, Fl, the so-called fouling number, which simply reads Fl≡PeinNd−1. Now rendered possible, the overall fit of the numerical data allows us to put forward analytical final expressions, which involve all the physical parameters and allow us to retrieve the experimental trends.
Collapse
|
18
|
Schuhmann S, Simkins J, Schork N, Codd S, Seymour J, Heijnen M, Saravia F, Horn H, Nirschl H, Guthausen G. Characterization and quantification of structure and flow in multichannel polymer membranes by MRI. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Benders S, Strassl F, Fenger B, Blümich B, Herres-Pawlis S, Küppers M. Imaging of copper oxygenation reactions in a bubble flow. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:826-830. [PMID: 29682795 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of gases with liquids play a crucial role in the production of many bulk chemicals. Often, the gas is bubbled into the chosen reactor. Most of the processes at the gas-liquid interface of the bubbles and in their tails are not fully understood and warrant further investigation. For this purpose, NMR imaging or Magnetic Resonance Imaging has been applied to visualize some of the processes in the bubble tail. To generate sufficient contrast, a magnetogenic gas-liquid reaction associated with a change of magnetic state, from diamagnetic to paramagnetic, was employed. In this work, a copper(I)-based compound was oxidized to copper(II) to exploit relaxation contrast. To match the speed of the rising bubbles to the acquisition time of the spin-echo imaging sequence, polyethylene glycol was added to increase the viscosity of the reacting solution. Images of the oxygen ingress into a static solution as well as of oxygen bubbles rising in the solution are presented. In both cases, changes in magnetism were observed, which reported the hydrodynamic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Benders
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Florian Strassl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Bastian Fenger
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Markus Küppers
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schuhmann S, Schork N, Beller K, Nirschl H, Oerther T, Guthausen G. In-situ
characterization of deposits in ceramic hollow fiber membranes by compressed sensing RARE-MRI. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Schuhmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - N. Schork
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - K. Beller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - H. Nirschl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - T. Oerther
- Bruker Biospin GmbH; Rheinstetten 76287 Germany
| | - G. Guthausen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Herrling MP, Weisbrodt J, Kirkland CM, Williamson NH, Lackner S, Codd SL, Seymour JD, Guthausen G, Horn H. NMR investigation of water diffusion in different biofilm structures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2857-2867. [PMID: 28755486 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mass transfer in biofilms is determined by diffusion. Different mostly invasive approaches have been used to measure diffusion coefficients in biofilms, however, data on heterogeneous biomass under realistic conditions is still missing. To non-invasively elucidate fluid-structure interactions in complex multispecies biofilms pulsed field gradient-nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) was applied to measure the water diffusion in five different types of biomass aggregates: one type of sludge flocs, two types of biofilm, and two types of granules. Data analysis is an important issue when measuring heterogeneous systems and is shown to significantly influence the interpretation and understanding of water diffusion. With respect to numerical reproducibility and physico-chemical interpretation, different data processing methods were explored: (bi)-exponential data analysis and the Γ distribution model. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient distribution in relation to relaxation was studied by D-T2 maps obtained by 2D inverse Laplace transform (2D ILT). The results show that the effective diffusion coefficients for all biofilm samples ranged from 0.36 to 0.96 relative to that of water. NMR diffusion was linked to biofilm structure (e.g., biomass density, organic and inorganic matter) as observed by magnetic resonance imaging and to traditional biofilm parameters: diffusion was most restricted in granules with compact structures, and fast diffusion was found in heterotrophic biofilms with fluffy structures. The effective diffusion coefficients in the biomass were found to be broadly distributed because of internal biomass heterogeneities, such as gas bubbles, precipitates, and locally changing biofilm densities. Thus, estimations based on biofilm bulk properties in multispecies systems can be overestimated and mean diffusion coefficients might not be sufficiently informative to describe mass transport in biofilms and the near bulk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Herrling
- Department of Wastewater Engineering, Institute IWAR, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jessica Weisbrodt
- Department of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Catherine M Kirkland
- Center of Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Nathan H Williamson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Susanne Lackner
- Department of Wastewater Engineering, Institute IWAR, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah L Codd
- Center of Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Joseph D Seymour
- Center of Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Gisela Guthausen
- Department of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Department of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kong Y, Wang Z, Ma Y, Wang H, Khan B. Prediction of the instantaneous fouling resistance of sodium alginate during water rinsing. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
23
|
In-situ monitoring techniques for membrane fouling and local filtration characteristics in hollow fiber membrane processes: A critical review. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Arndt F, Ehlen F, Schütz S, Anlauf H, Nirschl H. Influence of operating parameters and membrane materials on fouling of ceramic hollow fibre membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|