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Rapier-Sharman N, Hutchinson MLL, Moreno CM, Quaye A, Poole BD, Weber KS, Pitt WG, Pickett BE. A Novel Application of Spinning Disk Technology to Collect Plasma from Whole Blood Prior to Quantifying Plasma RNA. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.001007. [PMID: 38021167 PMCID: PMC10656623 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The spinning disk technology has previously been utilized to isolate bacterial components from blood in hours instead of days. We hypothesized that this platform could be applied as an alternative approach to isolating plasma RNA from a whole blood sample. We consequently tested the efficacy of the spinning disk technology to extract plasma from whole blood upstream of RNA isolation and analysis. To do so, we collected plasma using either the spinning disk or the typical two-spin centrifuge method. We found that the spinning disk method results in significantly more hemolysis during collection than the conventional two-spin centrifuge method. However, when plasma RNA recovered from both collection methods was quantified using quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), we found that the spinning disk method yielded a higher plasma RNA concentration than the two-spin centrifuge method. This suggests that the spinning disk may be an efficient alternative method to recover plasma RNA. Further work is needed to determine whether red blood cell RNA contamination is present in the plasma RNA extracted from spinning disk-processed plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Rapier-Sharman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - Mae-Lynn L. Hutchinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - Carlos M. Moreno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - Abraham Quaye
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - Brian D. Poole
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - K. Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - William G. Pitt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
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Meena GG, Hanson RL, Wood RL, Brown OT, Stott MA, Robison RA, Pitt WG, Woolley AT, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. 3× multiplexed detection of antibiotic resistant plasmids with single molecule sensitivity. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3763-3771. [PMID: 33048071 PMCID: PMC7574402 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens resistant to antibiotics have become a serious health threat. Those species which have developed resistance against multiple drugs such as the carbapenems, are more lethal as these are last line therapy antibiotics. Current diagnostic tests for these resistance traits are based on singleplex target amplification techniques which can be time consuming and prone to errors. Here, we demonstrate a chip based optofluidic system with single molecule sensitivity for amplification-free, multiplexed detection of plasmids with genes corresponding to antibiotic resistance, within one hour. Rotating disks and microfluidic chips with functionalized polymer monoliths provided the upstream sample preparation steps to selectively extract these plasmids from blood spiked with E. coli DH5α cells. Waveguide-based spatial multiplexing using a multi-mode interference waveguide on an optofluidic chip was used for parallel detection of three different carbapenem resistance genes. These results point the way towards rapid, amplification-free, multiplex analysis of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Meena
- School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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Anderson CM, Pitt WG. Effect of dilution on sedimentational separation of bacteria from blood. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3056. [PMID: 32715664 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria must be separated from septic whole blood in preparation for rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests. This work improves upon past work isolating bacteria from whole blood by exploring an important experimental factor: Whole blood dilution. Herein, we use the continuity equation to model red blood cell sedimentation and show that overall spinning time decreases as the blood is diluted. We found that the bacteria can also be captured more efficiently from diluted blood, up to approximately 68 ± 8% recovery (95% confidence interval). However, diluting blood both requires and creates extra fluid that end users must handle; an optimal dilution, which maximizes bacteria recovery and minimizes waste, was found to scale with the square root of the whole blood hematocrit. This work also explores a hypothesis that plasma backflow, which occurs as red cells move radially outward, causes bacterial enrichment in the supernatant plasma with an impact proportional to the plasma backflow velocity. Bacteria experiments carried out with diluted blood demonstrate such bacterial enrichment, but not in the hypothesized manner as enrichment occurred only in undiluted blood samples at physiological hematocrit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton M Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - William G Pitt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Pitt WG, Alizadeh M, Blanco R, Hunter AK, Bledsoe CG, McClellan DS, Wood ME, Wood RL, Ravsten TV, Hickey CL, Cameron Beard W, Stepan JR, Carter A, Husseini GA, Robison RA, Welling E, Torgesen RN, Anderson CM. Factors affecting sedimentational separation of bacteria from blood. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2892. [PMID: 31425635 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis of blood infections requires fast and efficient separation of bacteria from blood. We have developed spinning hollow disks that separate bacteria from blood cells via the differences in sedimentation velocities of these particles. Factors affecting separation included the spinning speed and duration, and disk size. These factors were varied in dozens of experiments for which the volume of separated plasma, and the concentration of bacteria and red blood cells (RBCs) in separated plasma were measured. Data were correlated by a parameter of characteristic sedimentation length, which is the distance that an idealized RBC would travel during the entire spin. Results show that characteristic sedimentation length of 20 to 25 mm produces an optimal separation and collection of bacteria in plasma. This corresponds to spinning a 12-cm-diameter disk at 3,000 rpm for 13 s. Following the spin, a careful deceleration preserves the separation of cells from plasma and provides a bacterial recovery of about 61 ± 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Pitt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Mahsa Alizadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Rae Blanco
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Alex K Hunter
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Colin G Bledsoe
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | | | - Madison E Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ryan L Wood
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Tanner V Ravsten
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Caroline L Hickey
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | | | - Jacob R Stepan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Alexandra Carter
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ghaleb A Husseini
- Chemical Engineering Department, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard A Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Evelyn Welling
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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