1
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Aerobic oxidation of hydroxymethylfurfural using a homogeneous TEMPO/TBN catalytic system in 3D-printed milli-scale porous reactors. J Flow Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-023-00264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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2
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Duan L, Ma C, Lou F, Yin J, Sang L, Zhang J. Investigation of External Mass Transfer in a Micropacked Bed Reactor with a Pd/Al 2O 3/Nickel Foam. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chi Ma
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengyan Lou
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiabin Yin
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Sang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Pasha M, Liu S, Zhang J, Qiu M, Su Y. Recent Advancements on Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Characteristics for CO 2 Absorption in Microreactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Pasha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saier Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Economics and Law, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Hebei 050043, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhai Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Ma C, Liu W, Duan XN, Zhang CH, Sang L, Zhang JS. Preparation of Highly Effective Ni Foam Monolithic Catalysts by Electrolytic Deposition for Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation in a Micropacked Bed. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Sang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ji-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Hydrodynamics and mass transfer enhancement of gas‐liquid flow in micropacked bed reactors: Effect of contact angle. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Han S, Li S, Wang H, Yang W, Sang L, Zhao Z. Hydrodynamics and liquid-solid mass transfer in micropacked bed reactors with copper foam packing. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Sheng L, Chen Y, Deng J, Luo G. Ideality analysis and general laws of bubble swarm microflow for large-scale gas-liquid microreaction processes. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Ma C, Huang M, Yin J, Lou F, Zhang J. Investigation of hydrogenation and mass transfer performance in micropacked beds with highly active monolithic catalysts. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Dong G, Chen B, Liu B, Hounjet LJ, Cao Y, Stoyanov SR, Yang M, Zhang B. Advanced oxidation processes in microreactors for water and wastewater treatment: Development, challenges, and opportunities. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118047. [PMID: 35033742 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of reaction processes by microreactors offers many significant advantages over the use of larger, conventional reactors. Microreactors' interior structures exhibit comparatively higher surface area-to-volume ratios, which reduce reactant diffusion distances, enable faster and more efficient heat and mass transfer, and better control over process conditions. These advantages can be exploited to significantly enhance the performance of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) commonly used for the removal of water pollutants. This comprehensive review of the rapidly emerging area of environmental microfluidics describes recent advances in the development and application of microreactors to AOPs for water and wastewater treatment. Consideration is given to the hydrodynamic properties, construction materials, fabrication techniques, designs, process features, and upscaling of microreactors used for AOPs. The use of microreactors for various AOP types, including photocatalytic, electrochemical, Fenton, ozonation, and plasma-phase processes, showcases how microfluidic technology enhances mass transfer, improves treatment efficiency, and decreases the consumption of energy and chemicals. Despite significant advancements of microreactor technology, organic pollutant degradation mechanisms that operate during microscale AOPs remain poorly understood. Moreover, limited throughput capacity of microreactor systems significantly restrains their industrial-scale applicability. Since large microreactor-inspired AOP systems are needed to meet the high-throughput requirements of the water treatment sector, scale-up strategies and recommendations are suggested as priority research opportunities. While microstructured reactor technology remains in an early stage of development, this work offers valuable insight for future research and development of AOPs in microreactors for environmental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Dong
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Bo Liu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Lindsay J Hounjet
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY Devon, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - Yiqi Cao
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Stanislav R Stoyanov
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY Devon, 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB T9G 1A8, Canada.
| | - Min Yang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
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11
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Si Y, Ming W, Liu S, Wei W, Ji L, Gong D, Wang J, Zuo C, Huang H, Yan D. Continuous Catalytic Hydrogenation of a Key Intermediate of Riluzole Using Micropacked-bed Reactor. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Si
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Weixing Ming
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Song Liu
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Lu Ji
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Dangsheng Gong
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255012, P. R. of China
| | - Cuncun Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255012, P. R. of China
| | - Haofei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255012, P. R. of China
| | - Dongmao Yan
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 8 East Shen Liao Road, Shenyang, 110021, P. R. of China
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12
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Ma C, Duan XN, Yin JB, Sang L, Zhang JS. Preparation of Pd/Al 2O 3/Nickel Microfoam Catalysts by Electrodeposition for Hydrogenation in a Micropacked Bed Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia-Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ji-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Pasha M, Li G, Shang M, Liu S, Su Y. Mass transfer and kinetic characteristics for CO2 absorption in microstructured reactors using an aqueous mixed amine. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Reactor Selection for Upgrading Hemicelluloses: Conventional and Miniaturised Reactors for Hydrogenations. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents an advanced reactor selection strategy that combines elements of a knowledge-based expert system to reduce the number of feasible reactor configurations with elaborated and automatised process simulations to identify reactor performance parameters. Special focus was given to identify optimal catalyst loadings and favourable conditions for each configuration to enable a fair comparison. The workflow was exemplarily illustrated for the Ru/C-catalysed hydrogenation of arabinose and galactose to the corresponding sugar alcohols. The simulations were performed by using pseudo-2D reactor models implemented in Aspen Custom Modeler® and automatised by using the MS-Excel interface and VBA. The minichannel packings, namely wall-coated minichannel reactor (MCWR), minichannel reactor packed with catalytic particles (MCPR), and minichannel reactor packed with a catalytic open-celled foam (MCFR), outperform the conventional and miniaturised trickle-bed reactors (TBR and MTBR) in terms of space-time yield and catalyst use. However, longer reactor lengths are required to achieve 99% conversion of the sugars in MCWR and MCPR. Considering further technical challenges such as liquid distribution, packing the reactor, as well as the robustness and manufacture of catalysts in a biorefinery environment, miniaturised trickle beds are the most favourable design for a production scenario of 5000 t/a galactitol. However, the minichannel configurations will be more advantageous for reaction systems involving consecutive and parallel reactions and highly exothermic systems.
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16
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Cao Q, Sang L, Tu J, Xiao Y, Liu N, Wu L, Zhang J. Rapid degradation of refractory organic pollutants by continuous ozonation in a micro-packed bed reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128621. [PMID: 33092824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently microreactor technology attracts attention due to the excellent multiphase mixing and enhanced mass transfer. Herein, a continuous ozonation system based on a micro-packed bed reactor (μPBR) was used to improve the dissolution rate of ozone and achieved a rapid and efficient degradation of refractory organic pollutants. The effects of liquid flow rate, gas flow rate, initial pH, initial O3 concentration and initial phenol concentration on the phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were also investigated. Experimental results showed that phenol and COD removal efficiencies under optimal conditions achieved 100.0% and 86.4%, respectively. Compared with large-scale reactors, the apparent reaction rate constant in μPBR increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude. In addition, some typical organic pollutants (including phenols, antibiotics and dyes) were treated by ozonation in μPBR. The removal efficiencies of these organic pollutants and COD achieved 100.0% and 70.2%-80.5% within 71 s, respectively. In this continuous treatment system, 100% of the unreacted ozone was converted to oxygen, which promoted the healthy development of aquatic ecosystems. Thus, this continuous system based on μPBR is a promising method in rapid and efficient treating refractory organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Le Sang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiacheng Tu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yushi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Selection, Sizing, and Modeling of a Trickle Bed Reactor to Produce 1,2 Propanediol from Biodiesel Glycerol Residue. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Propylene glycol, also known as 1,2 propanediol, is one of the most important chemicals in the industry. It is a water-soluble liquid, considered by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as safe to manufacture consumer products, including foodstuffs, medicines, and cosmetics. This chemical has essential properties, such as solvent, moisturizer, or antifreeze, in addition to a low level of toxicity. This paper aims to present the selection, simulation, and dimensioning of a trickle bed reactor at a laboratory scale. The sizing was validated with other authors. Two predictive models have been considered for reactor modeling, intrinsic kinetics and coupled intrinsic kinetics, along with mass transfer equations and the wetting of the catalyst particles. The model was implemented using Aspen Custom Modeler® (20 Crosby Dr. Bedford, MA 01730, EE. UU.) to study the reactor behavior in terms of conversion. The results show the profiles of different variables throughout the reactor and present higher glycerol conversion when mass transfer is added to the model.
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19
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Feng Y, Mu H, Liu X, Huang Z, Zhang H, Wang J, Yang Y. Leveraging 3D Printing for the Design of High-Performance Venturi Microbubble Generators. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Zhengliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Weeranoppanant N, Adamo A. In-Line Purification: A Key Component to Facilitate Drug Synthesis and Process Development in Medicinal Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:9-15. [PMID: 31938456 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In-line purification is an important tool for flow chemistry. It enables effective handling of unstable intermediates and integration of multiple synthetic steps. The integrated flow synthesis is useful for drug synthesis and process development in medicinal chemistry. In this article, we overview current states of in-line purification methods. In particular, we focus on four common methods: scavenger column, distillation, nanofiltration, and extraction. Examples of their applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, 169 Longhard Bangsaen Road, Muang, Chonburi 02131, Thailand
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Andrea Adamo
- Zaiput Flow Technologies, 300 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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21
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Duan X, Tu J, Teixeira AR, Sang L, Jensen KF, Zhang J. An automated flow platform for accurate determination of gas–liquid–solid reaction kinetics. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An automated flow platform based on a tube-in-tube contactor and micro-packed bed reactor is developed to measure the kinetics of gas–liquid–solid hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jiacheng Tu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Andrew R. Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | - Le Sang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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