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Quan Y, Parker TF, Hua Y, Jeong HK, Wang Q. Process Elucidation and Hazard Analysis of the Metal–Organic Framework Scale-Up Synthesis: A Case Study of ZIF-8. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Quan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Trent F. Parker
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yinying Hua
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hae-Kwon Jeong
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Wang J, Berglund MR, Braden T, Embry MC, Johnson MD, Groskreutz SR, Sayyed FB, Tsukanov SV, White TD, Jalan A, Seibert KD, Kopach ME. Mechanistic Study of Diketopiperazine Formation during Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis of Tirzepatide. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46809-46824. [PMID: 36570276 PMCID: PMC9773959 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on investigating diketopiperazine (DKP) and the formation of associated double-amino-acid deletion impurities during linear solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) of tirzepatide (TZP). We identified that the DKP formation primarily occurred during the Fmoc-deprotection reaction and post-coupling aging of the unstable Fmoc-Pro-Pro-Ser-resin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) intermediate. Similar phenomena have also been observed for other TZP active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) intermediates that contain a penultimate proline amino acid, such as Fmoc-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-resin, Fmoc-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-resin, and Fmoc-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-resin, which are intermediates for both hybrid and linear synthesis approaches. During post-coupling aging, it is found that Fmoc deprotection can proceed in dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and acetonitrile (ACN) solvents without any piperidine addition. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that a peptide that has a penultimate proline stabilizes the transition state through the C-H···π interaction during Fmoc decomposition, which causes those peptides to be more prone to cascade-deprotection reactions. Pseudo-reaction pathways are then proposed, and a corresponding macrokinetics model is developed to allow accurate prediction of the TZP peptide intermediate self-deprotection and DKP formation rate. Based on those studies, control strategies for minimizing DKP formation were further investigated and an alternative to Fmoc protection was identified (Bsmoc-protected amino acids), which eliminated the formation of the DKP byproducts. In addition, the use of oxyma additives and lower storage temperature was demonstrated to markedly improve the peptide intermediate stability to DKP degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wang
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Mark R. Berglund
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Timothy Braden
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Matthew C. Embry
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Martin D. Johnson
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Stephen R. Groskreutz
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Fareed Bhasha Sayyed
- Synthetic
Molecule Design & Development, Eli Lilly
Services India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru560103, India
| | | | - Timothy D. White
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Ankur Jalan
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Kevin D. Seibert
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Michael E. Kopach
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
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Parker TF, Quan Y, Wilhite BA, Wang Q. Process Scale-Up Hazard Analysis and Product Yield Investigation of Cyclohexanol Oxidation to Cyclohexanone Using RC1 Calorimetry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trent F. Parker
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yufeng Quan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Wilhite
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Biswas R, Hossain MA, Zzaman W. Thin layer modeling of drying kinetics, rehydration kinetics and color changes of osmotic pre-treated pineapple (Ananas comosus) slices during drying: Development of a mechanistic model for mass transfer. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Parker T, Mao Y, Wang Q. Application of response surface methodology for hazard analysis of 2-butanol oxidation to 2-butanone using RC1 calorimetry. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tian J, Yan Z, Deng J, Luo G. A Much Cleaner Oxidation Process for 2,2′-Dibenzothiazole Disulfide Synthesis Catalyzed by Phosphotungstic Acid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zifei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Xiong J, Zhang P, Li Y, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhao Z. Ordered macro-mesoporous nanostructure of Pd/ZrO2 catalyst for boosting catalytic NO-assisted soot oxidation. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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