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El Habty EM, El Afif A, Sidki M. The Effect of the Embedded Interface Dynamics on Mass Transport in Immiscible Polymer Blends. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- El Mahdi El Habty
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida Morocco
| | - Ali El Afif
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida Morocco
| | - Mouncif Sidki
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida Morocco
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Córdoba A, Schieber JD, Indei T. A simple microswimmer model inspired by the general equation for nonequilibrium reversible-irreversible coupling. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:194902. [PMID: 33687229 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple mean-field microswimmer model is presented. The model is inspired by the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of multi-component fluids that undergo chemical reactions. These thermodynamics can be rigorously described in the context of the GENERIC (general equation for the nonequilibrium reversible-irreversible coupling) framework. More specifically, this approach was recently applied to non-ideal polymer solutions [T. Indei and J. D. Schieber, J. Chem. Phys. 146, 184902 (2017)]. One of the species of the solution is an unreactive polymer chain represented by the bead-spring model. Using this detailed description as inspiration, we then make several simplifying assumptions to obtain a mean-field model for a Janus microswimmer. The swimmer model considered here consists of a polymer dumbbell in a sea of reactants. One of the beads of the dumbbell is allowed to act as a catalyst for a chemical reaction between the reactants. We show that the mean-squared displacement (MSD) of the center of mass of this Janus dumbbell exhibits ballistic behavior at time scales at which the concentration of the reactant is large. The time scales at which the ballistic behavior is observed in the MSD coincide with the time scales at which the cross-correlation between the swimmer's orientation and the direction of its displacement exhibits a maximum. Since the swimmer model was inspired by the GENERIC framework, it is possible to ensure that the entropy generation is always positive, and therefore, the second law of thermodynamics is obeyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Córdoba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Jay D Schieber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Applied Mathematics, and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Tsutomu Indei
- Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
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Indei T, Schieber JD. Reexamination of multi-component non-ideal polymer solution based on the general equation for nonequilibrium reversible-irreversible coupling. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Indei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 S. Dearborn St., Suite 150, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Jay D. Schieber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 S. Dearborn St., Suite 150, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
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Latinwo F, Hsiao KW, Schroeder CM. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of dilute polymer solutions in flow. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:174903. [PMID: 25381543 DOI: 10.1063/1.4900880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern materials processing applications and technologies often occur far from equilibrium. To this end, the processing of complex materials such as polymer melts and nanocomposites generally occurs under strong deformations and flows, conditions under which equilibrium thermodynamics does not apply. As a result, the ability to determine the nonequilibrium thermodynamic properties of polymeric materials from measurable quantities such as heat and work is a major challenge in the field. Here, we use work relations to show that nonequilibrium thermodynamic quantities such as free energy and entropy can be determined for dilute polymer solutions in flow. In this way, we determine the thermodynamic properties of DNA molecules in strong flows using a combination of simulations, kinetic theory, and single molecule experiments. We show that it is possible to calculate polymer relaxation timescales purely from polymer stretching dynamics in flow. We further observe a thermodynamic equivalence between nonequilibrium and equilibrium steady-states for polymeric systems. In this way, our results provide an improved understanding of the energetics of flowing polymer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folarin Latinwo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kai-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Ottinger HC. Irreversible dynamics, Onsager-Casimir symmetry, and an application to turbulence. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:042121. [PMID: 25375452 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible contributions to the dynamics of nonequilibrium systems can be formulated in terms of dissipative, or irreversible, brackets. We discuss the structure of such irreversible brackets in view of a degeneracy implied by energy conservation, where we consider different types of symmetries of the bracket corresponding to the Onsager and Casimir symmetries of linear irreversible thermodynamics. Slip and turbulence provide important examples of antisymmetric irreversible brackets and offer guidance for the more general modeling of irreversible dynamics without entropy production. Conversely, turbulence modeling could benefit from elucidating thermodynamic structure. The examples suggest constructing antisymmetric irreversible brackets in terms of completely antisymmetric functions of three indices. Irreversible brackets without well-defined symmetry properties can arise for rare events, causing big configurational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Christian Ottinger
- ETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, HCI H 543, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Minale M. Models for the deformation of a single ellipsoidal drop: a review. RHEOLOGICA ACTA 2010; 49:789-806. [DOI: 10.1007/s00397-010-0442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Jelić A, Ilg P, Ottinger HC. Bridging length and time scales in sheared demixing systems: from the Cahn-Hilliard to the Doi-Ohta model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:011131. [PMID: 20365347 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.011131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We develop a systematic coarse-graining procedure which establishes the connection between models of mixtures of immiscible fluids at different length and time scales. We start from the Cahn-Hilliard model of spinodal decomposition in a binary fluid mixture under flow from which we derive the coarse-grained description. The crucial step in this procedure is to identify the relevant coarse-grained variables and find the appropriate mapping which expresses them in terms of the more microscopic variables. In order to capture the physics of the Doi-Ohta level, we introduce the interfacial width as an additional variable at that level. In this way, we account for the stretching of the interface under flow and derive analytically the convective behavior of the relevant coarse-grained variables, which in the long wavelength limit recovers the familiar phenomenological Doi-Ohta model. In addition, we obtain the expression for the interfacial tension in terms of the Cahn-Hilliard parameters as a direct result of the developed coarse-graining procedure. Finally, by analyzing the numerical results obtained from the simulations on the Cahn-Hilliard level, we discuss that dissipative processes at the Doi-Ohta level are of the same origin as in the Cahn-Hilliard model. The way to estimate the interface relaxation times of the Doi-Ohta model from the underlying morphology dynamics simulated at the Cahn-Hilliard level is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja Jelić
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Gu JF, Grmela M. Flow properties of immiscible blends: Doi-Ohta model with active advection. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:056302. [PMID: 19113211 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.056302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The interface between two immiscible fluids both is influenced (advected) by the imposed flow and influences (perturbs) it. The perturbation then changes the advection. This phenomenon is taken into account in an extended Doi-Ohta model of rheological behavior of immiscible blends. The agreement of the rheological predictions with experimental data is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng Gu
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Case Postale 6079 succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7
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El Afif A, Cortez R, Gaver DP, de Kee D. Modeling of Mass Transport into Immiscible Polymeric Blends. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0342271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali El Afif
- Mathematics Department, Biomedical Engineering Department, and Chemical Engineering Department, Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Ricardo Cortez
- Mathematics Department, Biomedical Engineering Department, and Chemical Engineering Department, Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Donald P. Gaver
- Mathematics Department, Biomedical Engineering Department, and Chemical Engineering Department, Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Daniel de Kee
- Mathematics Department, Biomedical Engineering Department, and Chemical Engineering Department, Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
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El Afif A, De Kee D, Cortez R, Gaver DP. Dynamics of complex interfaces. I. Rheology, morphology, and diffusion. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1571052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hütter M. Thermodynamically consistent incorporation of the Schneider rate equations into two-phase models. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:011209. [PMID: 11461242 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.011209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We formulate a solid-liquid two-phase model including viscous stresses, heat conduction in the two phases, as well as heat exchange through the interface, and a phase change in the structure of nonequilibrium thermodynamics described by a general equation for the nonequilibrium reversible-irreversible coupling (GENERIC). The evolution of the microstructure is studied in terms of the Schneider rate equations introducing the nucleation rate and the radial growth rate of the solid phase. The application of the GENERIC structure shows that this radial growth factor is not an additional, independent material function but is to be expressed in terms of the difference in the chemical potentials, in the temperatures, and in the pressures between the two phases. The contribution due to the pressure difference appears in conjunction with the surface tension in such a way, that a driving force results only if deviations from a generalized version of the Laplace equation occur. Furthermore, it is found that for conditions under which the radial growth rate is zero, the nucleation rate must vanish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hütter
- ETH-Zürich, Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Ottinger HC. Derivation of a two-generator framework of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for quantum systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:4720-4. [PMID: 11089011 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the quantum description of isolated systems on the microscopic level we derive the two-generator formulation of nonequilibrium thermodynamics by means of the projection-operator technique. As a generalized canonical ensemble is employed, we obtain a convenient starting point for practical calculations in nonequilibrium thermodynamics; in particular, also in the classical limit. All dynamical material properties are contained in a canonical nonequilibrium correlation. However, the generalized canonical approach is inappropriate for systems with large fluctuations; possible steps toward a suitable generalization for quantum systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- HC Ottinger
- ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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