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Soto GW, Whitfield GP, Smith A, Berrigan D, Fulton JE. Changes in Perceptions of the Near-Home Walking Environment Among US Adults-2015 and 2020 National Health Interview Survey. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:266-274. [PMID: 38154022 PMCID: PMC10922589 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The built environments in which we work, live, and play can influence physical activity behaviors, and perceptions of these environments are associated with walking behavior. This study's objective is to compare national-level data on perceptions of the near-home walking environment from the 2015 and 2020 National Health Interview Survey. METHODS Adults in 2015 (n = 30,811) and 2020 (n = 29,636) reported perceptions of walkable supports (roads, sidewalks, paths, or trails; sidewalks on most streets), destinations (shops, stores, or markets; bus or transit stops; movies, libraries, or churches; places that help you relax, clear your mind, and reduce stress), and barriers to walking (traffic; crime; animals). Age-adjusted prevalence estimates, prevalence differences, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated overall and by demographic characteristics. RESULTS The reported prevalence of roads, sidewalks, paths, or trails for walking increased overall (85.3% in 2015 to 88.0% in 2020) and for many subgroups. Perceived places to walk to for relaxation, to clear your mind, and to reduce stress increased overall (72.1% in 2015 to 77.1% in 2020) and for all subgroups. Perceptions of crime as a barrier to walking decreased overall (12.5% in 2015 to 11.2% in 2020) and for some subgroups. From 2015 to 2020, the proportion of adults perceiving roads, sidewalks, paths, or trails; places to relax; and crime as a barrier to walking improved. CONCLUSIONS Continuing to monitor perceptions of the walking environment could contribute to progress toward national walking and walkability goals in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graycie W. Soto
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Geoffrey P. Whitfield
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Akimi Smith
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David Berrigan
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Janet E. Fulton
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Raman U, Coupet E, Dodington J. Assault Injury and Community Violence. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:1103-1114. [PMID: 37865433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Community violence happens between unrelated individuals, who may or may not know each other, generally outside the home, and often results in assaultive injuries. Community violence interventions can prevent assaultive injuries and assist victims of community violence. Trauma-informed care is foundational to the success of community violence intervention. Place-based environmental interventions can decrease community violence on the population level, and further research and developments are needed in this area. Substance use is a significant barrier to intervention program involvement and greater research and program development is needed to support substance use treatment of those impacted by community violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Raman
- Pediatric Critical Care, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, 100 York Street, Suite 1F, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Edouard Coupet
- Yale School of Medicine, Core Faculty, Addiction Medicine, 464 Congress Avenue, Suite 260, New Haven, CT 06890, USA
| | - James Dodington
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Center for Injury and Violence Prevention, 100 York Street, Suite 1F, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Bushman G, Kondo MC, Rupp LA, Hohl BC, Gong CH, Zimmerman MA. Associations between land bank ownership and stewardship of vacant properties and crime, violence, and youth victimization in Flint, MI. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 72:428-442. [PMID: 37846198 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Land banks across the United States are managing expanding vacant property inventories. By maintaining vacant properties and engaging residents in the process, land banks facilitate processes integral to building safe neighborhoods and may play a role in violence prevention. Using generalized additive mixed model regression, adjusted for spatial and temporal dependencies, we examined whether land bank ownership and stewardship of vacant properties in Flint, Michigan were associated with trends in serious, violent, and firearm-involved crime, between 2015 and 2018. We tested for differences in trends in crime density between properties owned by the Genesee County Land Bank Authority (GCLBA; n = 7151) and comparison properties not owned by the land bank (n = 6,245). In addition, we tested for differences in crime density trends between vacant properties that received different levels of land bank stewardship, including biannual mowing, GCLBA standard stewardship, and GCLBA-sponsored community-engaged stewardship. We found that GCLBA ownership was associated with net declines in densities of all types of crime and violence, over time, relative to properties not owned by the GCLBA. When we distinguished between levels of stewardship, we found that GCLBA stewardship, both with and without community engagement, was associated with net declines in serious and violent crime relative to comparison properties. Only community-engaged GCLBA stewardship was associated with declines in firearm-involved crime and firearm-involved crime with a youth victim over time, relative to comparison properties. Land bank stewardship of vacant properties may be protective against crime, violence, and youth victimization in legacy cities like Flint, MI that experience high rates of vacant properties and violent crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Bushman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michelle C Kondo
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia Field Station, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laney A Rupp
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bernadette C Hohl
- Penn Injury Science Center, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine H Gong
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marc A Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Gastineau KAB, McKay S. Firearm Injury Prevention. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:1125-1142. [PMID: 37865435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Firearms are the leading cause of death for US youth, overtaking motor vehicle collisions in 2020. Approximately 65% are due to homicide, 30% are due to suicide, 3.5% are due to unintentional injuries, 2% are undetermined intent, and 0.5% are from legal interventions. In homes with firearms, the likelihood of unintentional death, suicide, and homicide is three to four times higher than those without firearms. Secure storage of firearms, having them locked, unloaded, and separate from ammunition can prevent unintentional firearm injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A B Gastineau
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
| | - Sandra McKay
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, JJL 480, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Rauk L, Rupp L, Hohl BC, Kondo MC, Ornelas L, Carter PM, Zimmerman MA. Lessons learned from local vacant land management organizations for engaging youth in greening. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 72:187-202. [PMID: 37327062 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Youth living in areas with high concentrations of vacant properties may be at particular risk for poor health outcomes given the associations between deteriorated vacant properties, poor mental health, and community violence. Vacant lot greening has emerged as a key strategy to mitigate the harms of deteriorated properties. Youth engagement in greening has documented benefits for youth, yet few organizations responsible for managing vacant properties currently engage youth. Further, few researchers have examined the best practices that organizations can employ to effectively engage youth in greening programs. The purpose of this study was to understand how high functioning vacant land management organizations with robust youth engagement capabilities engage youth in their greening work. Based on in-depth interviews with staff from vacant land management organizations, we explored three research questions: (1) what are their identified best practices for youth engagement?; (2) what are the major challenges that impede their youth engagement work?; (3) what solutions are these organizations employing to address these challenges? Findings from this study emphasize the important themes of engaging youth in vacant lot greening in areas of planning, leadership, and decision-making. Youth engagement in vacant lot greening may be a key mechanism for preventing violence through cultivating youth empowerment and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Rauk
- UM Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laney Rupp
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bernadette C Hohl
- Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle C Kondo
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lexie Ornelas
- Department of Social, Behavioral and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patrick M Carter
- UM Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marc A Zimmerman
- UM Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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ROCHE JESSICAS, CARTER PATRICKM, ZEOLI APRILM, CUNNINGHAM REBECCAM, ZIMMERMAN MARCA. Challenges, Successes, and the Future of Firearm Injury Prevention. Milbank Q 2023; 101:579-612. [PMID: 37096629 PMCID: PMC10126989 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Firearm injury is a leading cause of death in the United States, with fatality rates increasing 34.9% over the past decade (2010-2020). Firearm injury is preventable through multifaceted evidence-based approaches. Reviewing past challenges and successes in the field of firearm injury prevention can highlight the future directions needed in the field. Adequate funding, rigorous and comprehensive data availability and access, larger pools of diverse and scientifically trained researchers and practitioners, robust evidence-based programming and policy implementation, and a reduction in stigma, polarization, and politicization of the science are all needed to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - PATRICK M. CARTER
- University of Michigan Institute for Firearm Prevention
- University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center
- University of Michigan School of Medicine
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
- Michigan Youth Violence Prevention CenterUniversity of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - APRIL M. ZEOLI
- University of Michigan Institute for Firearm Prevention
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - REBECCA M. CUNNINGHAM
- University of Michigan Institute for Firearm Prevention
- University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center
- University of Michigan School of Medicine
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - MARC A. ZIMMERMAN
- University of Michigan Institute for Firearm Prevention
- University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center
- University of Michigan School of Public Health
- Michigan Youth Violence Prevention CenterUniversity of Michigan School of Public Health
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