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Niida Y, Fujita W, Togi S, Ura H. Investigation of a novel PROS1 splicing variant in a patient with protein S deficiency. Hum Genome Var 2024; 11:28. [PMID: 39060248 PMCID: PMC11282053 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-024-00286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a novel PROS1 splicing mutation in a patient with type I protein S deficiency. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pathogenic splicing variants at the mRNA level was performed by long-range PCR-based targeted DNA and RNA sequencing. A base substitution in the exon 4 splicing donor site activates a potential splicing donor site in intron 4, resulting in an in-frame insertion of 48 bases (16 amino acids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Niida
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Ishikawa, Uchinada, Japan.
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Uchinada, Japan.
| | - Wataru Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Sumihito Togi
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Ishikawa, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ura
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Ishikawa, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Uchinada, Japan
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Chen Y, Qin L, Jin Y, Xie H, Yang L, Wang M, Xie Y. Clinical and genetic characterization of a protein S deficient patient with multiple thrombotic events. Int J Lab Hematol 2024; 46:415-418. [PMID: 38238031 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Langyi Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhui Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haixiao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaosheng Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Xu F, Zhou X, Jin Y, Yang L, Pan J, Wang M, Chen X. Analysis of PROS1 mutations and clinical characteristics in three Chinese families with hereditary protein S deficiency. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:653-662. [PMID: 38175252 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We report three heterozygous PROS1 mutations that caused type I protein S deficiency in three unrelated Chinese families. We measured protein S activity and antigen levels for all participants, screened them for mutations in the PROS1 gene. And we employed the calibrated automated thrombin generation (CAT) method to investigate thrombin generation. Numerous bioinformatics tools were utilized to analyze the conservation, pathogenicity of mutation, and spatial structure of the protein S. Phenotyping analysis indicated that all three probands exhibited simultaneous reduced levels of PS:A, TPS:Ag, and FPS:Ag. Genetic testing revealed that proband A harbored a heterozygous c.458_458delA (p.Lys153Serfs*6) mutation in exon 5, proband B carried a heterozygous c.1687C>T (p.Gln563stop) mutation in exon 14, and proband C exhibited a heterozygous c.200A>C (p.Glu67Ala) mutation in exon 2. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that the p.Lys153Serfs*6 frameshift mutation and the p.Gln563stop nonsense mutation in the protein S were classified as "disease-causing." The identification of the novel mutation p.Lys153Serfs*6 in PROS1 enriches the Human Genome Database. Our research suggests that these three mutations (p.Lys153Serfs*6, p.Gln563stop, and p.Glu67Ala) are possibly responsible for the decreased level of protein S in the three families. Furthermore, the evidence also supports the notion that individuals who are asymptomatic but have a family history of PSD can benefit from genetic analysis of the PROS1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhui Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Village, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Mrożek M, Wypasek E, Alhenc-Gelas M, Potaczek DP, Undas A. Novel Splice Site Mutation in the PROS1 Gene in a Polish Patient with Venous Thromboembolism: c.602-2delA, Splice Acceptor Site of Exon 7. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090485. [PMID: 32971918 PMCID: PMC7558706 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We identified a novel splice site mutation of the PROS1 gene in a Polish family with protein S (PS) deficiency and explored the molecular pathogenesis of this previously undescribed variant. A novel mutation was detected in a 26-year-old woman with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) provoked by oral contraceptives. Her family history of VTE was positive. The sequence analysis of the PROS1 gene was performed in the proband and the proband’s family. The proband and their asymptomatic father had lower free PS levels (45% and 50%, respectively) and PS activity (48% and 44%, respectively). Total PS levels were normal (65.6% and 62.4%, respectively). The sequence analysis of the PROS1 gene revealed the presence of heterozygous deletion at the nucleotide position c.602-2 in intron 6, just upstream of exon 7, detected in the proband and her father. This variant alters the splice acceptor site of exon 7, and, according to the in silico prediction, it is highly likely to cause in-frame exon 7 skipping. We also presented follow-up data of two other Polish patients with PS deficiency associated with splice site mutations in PROS1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mrożek
- The John Paul II Hospital, 80 Prądnicka Street, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.M.); (E.W.); (A.U.)
| | - Ewa Wypasek
- The John Paul II Hospital, 80 Prądnicka Street, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.M.); (E.W.); (A.U.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland
| | - Martine Alhenc-Gelas
- Laboratoire d’Hémostase, Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Centre Claude Bernard de Recherche sur les Maladies Vasculaires, Hôpital Broussais–AP-HP, 75116 Paris, France;
- Société Serbio, 92230 Gennevilliers, France
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- The John Paul II Hospital, 80 Prądnicka Street, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.M.); (E.W.); (A.U.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-151-2050-9812
| | - Anetta Undas
- The John Paul II Hospital, 80 Prądnicka Street, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.M.); (E.W.); (A.U.)
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-705 Krakow, Poland
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Wang X, Tang N, Wang X, Lu Y, Yang J. PROS1 IVS10+5G>A mutation causes hereditary protein S deficiency in a Chinese patient with pulmonary embolism and venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2018; 174:1-4. [PMID: 30543986 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Davra V, Kimani SG, Calianese D, Birge RB. Ligand Activation of TAM Family Receptors-Implications for Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8120107. [PMID: 27916840 PMCID: PMC5187505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The TAM family of receptors (i.e., Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk), and their ligands Growth arrest specific factor 6 (Gas6) and Protein S (Pros1) contribute to several oncogenic processes, such as cell survival, invasion, migration, chemo-resistance, and metastasis, whereby expression often correlates with poor clinical outcomes. In recent years, there has been great interest in the study of TAM receptors in cancer, stemming both from their roles as oncogenic signaling receptors, as well as their roles in tumor immunology. As a result, several classes of TAM inhibitors that include small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, decoy receptors, as well as novel strategies to target TAM ligands are being developed. This paper will review the biology of TAM receptors and their ligands with a focus on cancer, as well as evidence-based data for the continued pursuit of TAM/Gas6 inhibitors in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viralkumar Davra
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Stanley G Kimani
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - David Calianese
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Hamasaki N, Kuma H, Tsuda H. Activated protein C anticoagulant system dysfunction and thrombophilia in Asia. Ann Lab Med 2012; 33:8-13. [PMID: 23301217 PMCID: PMC3535202 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2013.33.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombophilia that is common among Caucasians is caused by genetic polymorphisms of coagulation factor V Leiden (R506Q) and prothrombin G20210A. Unlike that in Caucasians, thrombophilia that is common in the Japanese and Chinese involve dysfunction of the activated protein C (APC) anticoagulant system caused by abnormal protein S and protein C molecules. Approximately 50% of Japanese and Chinese individuals who develop venous thrombosis have reduced activities of protein S. The abnormal sites causing the protein S molecule abnormalities are distributed throughout the protein S gene, PROS1. One of the most common abnormalities is protein S Tokushima (K155E), which accounts for about 30% of the protein S molecule abnormalities in the Japanese. Whether APC dysfunction occurs in other Asian countries is an important aspect of mapping thrombophilia among Asians. International surveys using an accurate assay system are needed to determine this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Hamasaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natagaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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