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Zhao Y, Wang L, Li X, Jiang J, Ma Y, Guo S, Zhou J, Li Y. Programmed Cell Death-Related Gene Signature Associated with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration and the Roles of HMOX1 in the Proliferation and Apoptosis were Investigated in Uveal Melanoma. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:785-801. [PMID: 38767825 PMCID: PMC11208274 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary ocular malignancy, with a wide range of symptoms and outcomes. The programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in tumor development, diagnosis, and prognosis. There is still no research on the relationship between PCD-related genes and UVM. A novel PCD-associated prognostic model is urgently needed to improve treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE We aim to screen PCD-related prognostic signature and investigate its proliferation ability and apoptosis in UVM cells. METHODS The clinical information and RNA-seq data of the UVM patients were collected from the TCGA cohort. All the patients were classified using consensus clustering by the selected PCD-related genes. After univariate Cox regression and PPI network analysis, the prognostic PCD-related genes were then submitted to the LASSO regression analysis to build a prognostic model. The level of immune infiltration of 8-PCD signature in high- and low-risk patients was analyzed using xCell. The prediction on chemotherapy and immunotherapy response in UVM patients was assessed by GDSC and TIDE algorithm. CCK-8, western blot and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were used to explore the roles of HMOX1 in UVM cells. RESULTS A total of 8-PCD signature was constructed and the risk score of the PCD signature was negatively correlated with the overall survival, indicating strong predictive ability and independent prognostic value. The risk score was positively correlated with CD8 Tcm, CD8 Tem and Th2 cells. Immune cells in high-risk group had poorer overall survival. The drug sensitivity demonstrated that cisplatin might impact the progression of UVM and better immunotherapy responsiveness in the high-risk group. Finally, Overespression HMOX1 (OE-HMOX1) decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis in UVM cells. Recuse experiment results showed that ferrostatin-1 (fer-1) protected MP65 cells from apoptosis and necrosis caused by OE-HMOX1. CONCLUSION The PCD signature may have a significant role in the tumor microenvironment, clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis and drug sensitivity. More importantly, HMOX1 depletion greatly induced tumor cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis and fer-1 protected UVM cells from apoptosis and necrosis induced by OE-HMOX1. This work provides a foundation for effective therapeutic strategy in tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Science and Education, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Junzhi Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang Cancer Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China.
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Mansour L, Alqahtani M, Aljuaimlani A, Al-Tamimi J, Al-Harbi N, Alomar S. Association of Polymorphisms in PD-1 and LAG-3 Genes with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:721. [PMID: 38792904 PMCID: PMC11123055 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) are essential for controlling anti-tumor immune responses. This study aims to explore the correlation between specific genetic variations (SNPs) in the PDCD1 (rs2227981) and LAG3 (rs12313899) genes and the likelihood of developing AML in the Saudi population. Material and methods: total of 98 Saudi AML patients and 131 healthy controls were genotyped for the PDCD1 rs2227981 and LAG3 rs12313899 polymorphisms using TaqMan genotyping assays. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the SNPs and AML risk using several genetic models. Results: The results revealed a significant association between the PDCD1 rs2227981 polymorphism and increased AML risk. In AML patients, the frequency of the G allele was considerably greater than in healthy controls (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.31-2.81, p = 0.00080). The GG and AG genotypes were associated with a very high risk of developing AML (p < 0.0001). In contrast, no significant association was observed between the LAG3 rs12313899 polymorphism and AML risk in the studied population. In silico analysis of gene expression profiles from public databases suggested the potential impact of PDCD1 expression levels on the overall survival of AML patients. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the association of the PDCD1 rs2227981 polymorphism with an increased risk for AML in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.); (J.A.-T.); (N.A.-H.); (S.A.)
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Gonzalez-Montes Y, Osca-Gelis G, Rodriguez-Romanos R, Villavicencio A, González-Bártulos M, Llopis F, Clapes V, Oriol A, Sureda A, Escoda L, Sarrà J, Garzó A, Lloveras N, Gómez B, Granada I, Gallardo D. CD200 genotype is associated with clinical outcome of patients with multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1252445. [PMID: 38455039 PMCID: PMC10917927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1252445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction in patients with MM affects both the innate and adaptive immune system. Molecules involved in the immune response pathways are essential to determine the ability of cancer cells to escape from the immune system surveillance. However, few data are available concerning the role of immune checkpoint molecules in predicting the myeloma control and immunological scape as mechanism of disease progression. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical impact of the CD200 genotype (rs1131199 and rs2272022) in 291 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients with a CD200 rs1131199 GG genotype showed a median overall survival (OS) significantly lower than those with CC+CG genotype (67.8 months versus 94.4 months respectively; p: 0.022) maintaining significance in the multivariate analysis. This effect was specially detected in patients not receiving an autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT) (p < 0.001). In these patients the rs1131199 GG genotype negatively influenced in the mortality not related with the progression of MM (p: 0.02) mainly due to infections events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gonzalez-Montes
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Osca-Gelis
- Hospital Cancer Registry Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- Center CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Girona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rodriguez-Romanos
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Alicia Villavicencio
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta González-Bártulos
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Francesca Llopis
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Victòria Clapes
- Clinical Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Institut d’Investigaciò Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Oriol
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sureda
- Clinical Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Institut d’Investigaciò Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Escoda
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Sarrà
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Garzó
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Lloveras
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Granada
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gallardo
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Wang J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Bibliometric analysis of evolutionary trajectory and prospective directions of LAG-3 in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1329775. [PMID: 38390331 PMCID: PMC10881671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1329775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Perform a bibliometric analysis on the role of LAG-3 in the domain of cancer, elucidate the prevailing areas of research, and visually depict the evolutionary trajectory and prospective directions of LAG-3 research over the past twenty-three decades. Materials and methods Between 2000 and 2023, a comprehensive review of scholarly articles pertaining to LAG-3 research in the context of cancer was carried out using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis can be conducted by taking advantage of VOSviewer (version 1.6.16) and CiteSpace (version 6.2.R4). Create a network diagram to visually represent various authors, countries, and organizations while assessing the publishing years, journals, references, and keywords. Results In conclusion, 1841 records were identified and published in 587 publications. These records were authored by 12,849 individuals affiliated with 2491 institutes across 74 countries. There has been a substantial surge in publications subsequent to 2013. The USA, China, and Germany gave the majority of records, amounting to 69.69%. American institutions actively engage in collaboration with institutions located in other countries. Triebel, F., Vignali, Dario A. A., Workman, Creg J. Drake, Charles G., and Elkord, Eyad are highly regarded authors in their respective fields. However, it is worth noting that Triebel exhibits limited collaboration with other writers. The examination of the role of LAG-3 in cancer and its potential for use in clinical settings is a discernible trend, as seen by keyword analysis. Conclusion The scientific interest in and attention towards LAG-3 has experienced a significant rise since 2013. The United States is leading the way, with China following closely behind. Promoting collaboration among writers, nations, and institutions with varied backgrounds is imperative. The discipline of immunotherapy is currently seeing ongoing progress. A thorough investigation of the distinctive cis ligand TCR-CD3 complex of LAG-3 and its signal transduction mechanism is necessary. Additionally, it is worthwhile to explore novel combinations of LAG-3 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wei J, Liao Z, Tao Y, Liu S. Evaluation of the possible association of PDCD-1 and LAG3 gene polymorphisms with hepatocellular carcinoma risk. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:92. [PMID: 37131179 PMCID: PMC10155321 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Programmed death-1 (PDCD-1) and lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), two important immunosuppressive molecules, play crucial roles in immune escape of tumor cells. This study evaluated the effects of PDCD-1 (rs10204525 and rs36084323), and LAG3 (rs870849 and rs1882545) gene polymorphisms on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. METHODS 341 patients with HCC and 350 cancer-free controls in the South Chinese population were included in a population-based case-control study. DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood samples. Genotypes were analyzed using multiplex PCR and sequencing. SNPs were analyzed using multiple inheritance models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, and over-dominant). RESULTS The allele and genotype frequencies of neither of the four polymorphisms, adjusted for age and gender, differed between HCC patients and controls. The differences were also not significant after stratifying by gender and age. According to our results, HCC patients with rs10204525 TC genotype had significantly lower AFP levels than HCC patients with rs10204525 TT genotype (P = 0.004). Moreover, the frequency of PDCD-1 rs36084323 CT genotype reduced the risk of TNM grade (CT vs. C/C-T/T: OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.37-0.87, P = 0.049). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the PDCD-1 (rs10204525 and rs36084323), and LAG3 (rs870849 and rs1882545) polymorphism did not influence the risk of HCC, PDCD-1 rs10204525 TC genotype was associated with the lower AFP levels and rs36084323 CT genotypes were related to HCC tumor grades in the South Chinese samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhangxiu Liao
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi database construction and application engineering research center for intracorporal pharmacochemistry of TCM, Baise, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ying Tao
- Basic Medical College, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuaiting Liu
- Basic Medical College, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
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Gonzalez-Montes Y, Rodriguez-Romanos R, Villavicencio A, Osca-Gelis G, González-Bártulos M, Llopis F, Clapes V, Oriol A, Sureda A, Escoda L, Sarrà J, Garzó A, Lloveras N, Díez I, Granada I, Gallardo D. Genetic variants of CTLA4 are associated with clinical outcome of patients with multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158105. [PMID: 37122695 PMCID: PMC10143497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) affects both the innate and adaptive immune system. Molecules involved in the immune checkpoint pathways are essential to determine the ability of cancer cells to escape from the immune system surveillance. However, few data are available concerning the role of these molecules in predicting the kinetics of progression of MM. We retrospectively analysed polymorphisms of CTLA4 (rs231775 and rs733618), BTLA (rs9288953), CD28 (rs3116496), PD-1 (rs36084323 and rs11568821) and LAG-3 (rs870849) genes in 239 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients with a CTLA4 rs231775 AA/AG genotype showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) significantly lower than those with GG genotype (32.3 months versus 96.8 months respectively; p: 0.008). The 5-year PFS rate was 25% for patients with grouped AA and AG genotype vs 55.4% for patients with GG genotype. Multivariate analysis confirmed the CTLA4 rs231775 genotype as an independent risk factor for PFS (Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.05; 95% CI: 1.0-6.2; p: 0.047). Our results suggest that the CTLA4 genotype may identify patients with earlier progression of MM. This polymorphism could potentially be used as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gonzalez-Montes
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Yolanda Gonzalez-Montes,
| | - Rocío Rodriguez-Romanos
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Alicia Villavicencio
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Osca-Gelis
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Catalan Institute of Oncology (RTH) ICO-ICS, Centre CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Girona, Spain
| | - Marta González-Bártulos
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Francesca Llopis
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Victòria Clapes
- Clinical Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de LLobregat, Spain
| | - Albert Oriol
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sureda
- Clinical Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de LLobregat, Spain
| | - Lourdes Escoda
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Sarrà
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Garzó
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Lloveras
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Díez
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Granada
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gallardo
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Josep Carreras Research Institute, Girona, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Gandhi M, Bakhai V, Trivedi J, Mishra A, De Andrés F, LLerena A, Sharma R, Nair S. Current perspectives on interethnic variability in multiple myeloma: Single cell technology, population pharmacogenetics and molecular signal transduction. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101532. [PMID: 36103755 PMCID: PMC9478452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the emerging single cell technologies and applications in Multiple myeloma (MM), population pharmacogenetics of MM, resistance to chemotherapy, genetic determinants of drug-induced toxicity, molecular signal transduction. The role(s) of epigenetics and noncoding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that influence the risk and severity of MM are also discussed. It is understood that ethnic component acts as a driver of variable response to chemotherapy in different sub-populations globally. This review augments our understanding of genetic variability in ‘myelomagenesis’ and drug-induced toxicity, myeloma microenvironment at the molecular and cellular level, and developing precision medicine strategies to combat this malignancy. The emerging single cell technologies hold great promise for enhancing our understanding of MM tumor heterogeneity and clonal diversity.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive cancer characterised by malignancy of the plasma cells and a rising global incidence. The gold standard for optimum response is aggressive chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, majority of the patients are above 60 years and this presents the clinician with complications such as ineligibility for ASCT, frailty, drug-induced toxicity and differential/partial response to treatment. The latter is partly driven by heterogenous genotypes of the disease in different subpopulations. In this review, we discuss emerging single cell technologies and applications in MM, population pharmacogenetics of MM, resistance to chemotherapy, genetic determinants of drug-induced toxicity, molecular signal transduction, as well as the role(s) played by epigenetics and noncoding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that influence the risk and severity of the disease. Taken together, our discussions further our understanding of genetic variability in ‘myelomagenesis’ and drug-induced toxicity, augment our understanding of the myeloma microenvironment at the molecular and cellular level and provide a basis for developing precision medicine strategies to combat this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Gandhi
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Viral Bakhai
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Jash Trivedi
- University of Mumbai, Santa Cruz, Mumbai 400055, India
| | - Adarsh Mishra
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Fernando De Andrés
- INUBE Extremadura Biosanitary Research Institute, Badajoz, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain; CICAB Clinical Research Center, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, Extremadura Health Service, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Adrián LLerena
- INUBE Extremadura Biosanitary Research Institute, Badajoz, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain; CICAB Clinical Research Center, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, Extremadura Health Service, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Sujit Nair
- University of Mumbai, Santa Cruz, Mumbai 400055, India.
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Lymphocyte activation gene-3-associated protein networks are associated with HDL-cholesterol and mortality in the Trans-omics for Precision Medicine program. Commun Biol 2022; 5:362. [PMID: 35501457 PMCID: PMC9061762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the immune checkpoint lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) protein is significantly associated with both elevated HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and myocardial infarction risk. We determined the association of genetic variants within ±500 kb of LAG3 with plasma LAG3 and defined LAG3-associated plasma proteins with HDL-C and clinical outcomes. Whole genome sequencing and plasma proteomics were obtained from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohorts as part of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program. In situ Hi-C chromatin capture was performed in EBV-transformed cell lines isolated from four MESA participants. Genetic association analyses were performed in MESA using multivariate regression models, with validation in FHS. A LAG3-associated protein network was tested for association with HDL-C, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality. We identify an association between the LAG3 rs3782735 variant and plasma LAG3 protein. Proteomics analysis reveals 183 proteins significantly associated with LAG3 with four proteins associated with HDL-C. Four proteins discovered for association with all-cause mortality in FHS shows nominal associations in MESA. Chromatin capture analysis reveals significant cis interactions between LAG3 and C1S, LRIG3, TNFRSF1A, and trans interactions between LAG3 and B2M. A LAG3-associated protein network has significant associations with HDL-C and mortality. Rodriguez et al. use whole genome sequencing and plasma proteomics from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohorts of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program and perform in situ Hi-C chromatin capture in cell lines isolated from four MESA participants. They demonstrate that lymphocyte activation gene-3 protein networks are associated with HDL-cholesterol and mortality, which could guide the development of precision medicine.
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Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Bone Marrow Failure Diseases. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:3528598. [PMID: 35265454 PMCID: PMC8898880 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3528598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) is an inhibitory checkpoint protein expressed on activated T effector, T regulatory, and natural killer cells. The main function of LAG3 is the regulation of immune homeostasis. Several studies have suggested its role in malignant and autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to explore the association between LAG3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and bone marrow failure diseases. Methods. Sixty-two patients newly diagnosed with bone marrow failure diseases in the Hematology Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020 and 16 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. SNPs in LAG3 were investigated by performing Sanger sequencing, and the association of the detected SNPs with bone marrow failure diseases was analyzed. Results. Eleven SNPs were identified. Among them, the frequency of LAG3 rs1941928301 (C>T) was statistically different among the groups (
). It was higher in the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) group than that in the severe aplastic anemia (SAA) group (
) and that in the healthy control group (
). Conclusions. LAG3 rs1941928301 (C>T) might be associated with a higher risk of MDS. The detected LAG3 SNPs have no apparent effect on susceptibility to SAA and immune-related pancytopenia (IRP).
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Wagner M, Jasek M, Karabon L. Immune Checkpoint Molecules-Inherited Variations as Markers for Cancer Risk. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606721. [PMID: 33519815 PMCID: PMC7840570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has been revolutionized by a new approach that works by blocking receptors called immune checkpoints (IC). These molecules play a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis, mainly by suppressing the immune response and by preventing its overactivation. Since inhibition of the immune response by IC can be used by cancer to avoid recognition and destruction by immune system, blocking them enhances the anti-tumor response. This therapeutic approach has brought spectacular clinical effects. The ICs present heterogeneous expression patterns on immune cells, which may affect the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The inherited genetic variants in regulatory regions of ICs genes can be considered as potential factors responsible for observed inter-individual differences in ICs expression levels on immune cells. Additionally, polymorphism located in exons may introduce changes to ICs amino acid sequences with potential impact on functional properties of these molecules. Since genetic variants may affect both expression and structure of ICs, they are considered as risk factors of cancer development. Inherited genetic markers such as SNPs may also be useful in stratification patients into groups which will benefit from particular immunotherapy. In this review, we have comprehensively summarized the current understanding of the relationship between inherited variations of CTLA-4, PDCD1, PD-L1, BTLA, TIM-3, and LAG-3 genes in order to select SNPs which can be used as predictive biomarkers in personalized evaluation of cancer risk development and outcomes as well as possible response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Jasek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Cebada J, Bandala C, Landeta G, Martínez-Morales P, Villa-Ruano N. LAG-3 antagonists by cancer treatment: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:643-651. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1642873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Oficina de Comercialización de Tecnología, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cebada
- Facultad de Medicina, Benémerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Departamento de Neuurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Landeta
- Coordinación de Investigación Aplicada, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Patricia Martínez-Morales
- CONACYT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social - Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nemesio Villa-Ruano
- CONACYT-Coordinación de Investigación Aplicada, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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12
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Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Cebada J, Herrera-Camacho I. Treatment of cancer with a combination of LAG-3Ig and anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 antibodies: a patent evaluation of US2018271940 A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:311-314. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1608947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Oficina de Comercialización de Tecnología, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cebada
- Facultad de Medicina, Benémerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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He Y, Rivard CJ, Rozeboom L, Yu H, Ellison K, Kowalewski A, Zhou C, Hirsch FR. Lymphocyte-activation gene-3, an important immune checkpoint in cancer. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1193-7. [PMID: 27297395 PMCID: PMC5021038 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently become widely used in lung cancer. Many oncologists are focused on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoints has shown promising efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but questions remain to be answered. Among them is whether the simultaneous inhibition of other checkpoints could improve outcomes. Lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is another vital checkpoint that may have a synergistic interaction with PD-1/PD-L1. Here we review the LAG-3 function in cancer, clinical trials with agents targeting LAG-3 and the correlation of LAG-3 with other checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher J Rivard
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leslie Rozeboom
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kim Ellison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ashley Kowalewski
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Di Martino MT, Arbitrio M, Guzzi PH, Cannataro M, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Experimental treatment of multiple myeloma in the era of precision medicine. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2016.1142356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Xu J, Liu Y, Fu W, Wang J, Wang W, Wang H, Liu J, Ding X, Zhang Q. Association of the porcine cluster of differentiation 4 gene with T lymphocyte subpopulations and its expression in immune tissues. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:463-9. [PMID: 25049810 PMCID: PMC4093383 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is mainly expressed on CD4+ T cells, which plays an important role in immune response. The aim of this study was to detect the association between polymorphisms of the CD4 gene and T lymphocyte subpopulations in pigs, and to investigate the effects of genetic variation on the CD4 gene expression level in immune tissues. Five missense mutations in the CD4 gene were identified using DNA pooling sequencing assays, and two main haplotypes (CCTCC and AGCTG) in strong linkage disequilibrium (with frequencies of 50.26% and 46.34%, respectively) were detected in the population of Large White pigs. Our results indicated that the five SNPs and the two haplotypes were significantly associated with the proportions of CD4−CD8−, CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD8−, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood (p<0.05). Gene expression analysis showed the mRNA level of the CD4 gene in thymus was significantly higher than that in lymph node and spleen (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between animals with CCTCC/CCTCC genotype and animals with AGCTG/AGCTG genotype in the three immune tissues (p>0.05). These results indicate that the CD4 gene may influence T lymphocyte subpopulations and can be considered as a candidate gene affecting immunity in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weixuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Dasanu CA, Mewawalla P, Grabska J. Multiple myeloma and its therapies: to what extent do they contribute to the increased incidence of second malignant neoplasms? Curr Med Res Opin 2012; 28:1129-40. [PMID: 22533678 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2012.688800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high risk of another cancer once one has been diagnosed is well known. Furthermore, a clear association exists between the use of some cytotoxic agents and chemotherapy-induced malignancies. METHODS This review is set to explore the relationship between multiple myeloma, its modern therapies and the development of second cancers due to various genetic, immune, and environmental (including iatrogenic) factors. Most relevant publications were identified through the PubMed database and by reviewing the drug information released by the US Federal Drug Administration. FINDINGS Our comprehensive analysis identified several retrospective population studies, cohort group analyses and a number of case reports linking myeloma with other cancers in the world literature. A majority of these studies suggest that incidence of second solid and hematologic malignancies is significantly increased in patients with multiple myeloma and its precursor lesion, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. In addition, incidence of second malignancies has been found increased in the family members of these individuals, especially in their first-degree relatives. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the existing literature cohorts does not discriminate between the burden of second cancers in treated myeloma patients as opposed to the patients followed with the wait-and-watch approach. Notably, the rate of second malignant neoplasms in multiple myeloma may be further increased by certain myeloma therapies. These cancers include, for the most part, hematologic malignancies such as acute leukemias and certain lymphomas. While there is no question about the role of alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors in this regard, further research is necessary to determine whether the excess of second cancers represents a direct consequence of lenalidomide use.
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Common variation in genes related to immune response and risk of childhood leukemia. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:316-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Familial monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma: epidemiology, risk factors, and biological characteristics. Blood 2012; 119:5359-66. [PMID: 22354002 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-11-387324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor to multiple myeloma (MM), is one of the most common premalignant conditions in the general population. The cause of MGUS is largely unknown. Recent studies show that there is an increased prevalence of MGUS in blood relatives of persons with lymphoproliferative and plasma cell proliferative disorders, suggesting presence of shared underlying genetic influences. In the past few years, additional studies have examined risk factors and biologic characteristics that may contribute to the increased prevalence of MGUS among relatives of probands with MGUS, MM, and other blood malignancies. This article reviews the known epidemiology and risk factors for familial MGUS and myeloma, the risk of lymphoproliferative disorders and other malignancies among blood-relatives of patients with MGUS and MM, and discusses future directions for research.
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the three-dimensional organization of the nucleus in normal, early genomically unstable, and tumor cells. A cause-consequence relationship is discussed between nuclear alterations and the resulting genomic rearrangements. Examples are presented from studies on conditional Myc deregulation, experimental tumorigenesis in mouse plasmacytoma, nuclear remodeling in Hodgkin's lymphoma, and in adult glioblastoma. A model of nuclear remodeling is proposed for cancer progression in multiple myeloma. Current models of nuclear remodeling are described, including our model of altered nuclear architecture and the onset of genomic instability.
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Vangsted A, Klausen TW, Vogel U. Genetic variations in multiple myeloma I: effect on risk of multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2011; 88:8-30. [PMID: 21883480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Few risk factors have been established for the plasma cell disorder multiple myeloma, but some of these like African American ethnicity and a family history of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases suggest a genetic component for the disease. Genetic variation represents the genetic basis of variability in a population. The complex interplay between environment and genes for the development of cancer may therefore be influenced by genetic variations. A genetic variation may change the function of the gene, and if the genetic variation is associated with the risk of disease, that particular gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of disease. Genes of interest are genes involved in the normal development and function of the plasma cell and genes that protect us against exposures from the environment, for example, genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, metabolism of folate and methionine, as well as genes involved in inflammation and DNA repair. Identification of genes with potential influence on cancer risk may help us to establish relevant laboratory studies on exposure and dose-response assessment and may help us to test the hypothesis in epidemiological studies. Knowledge of individual at high risk of cancer may offer promising insight for the prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Vangsted
- Department of Haematology, Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Clarke CA, Glaser SL, Gomez SL, Wang SS, Keegan TH, Yang J, Chang ET. Lymphoid malignancies in U.S. Asians: incidence rate differences by birthplace and acculturation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1064-77. [PMID: 21493873 PMCID: PMC3111874 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignancies of the lymphoid cells, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), HL, and multiple myeloma, occur at much lower rates in Asians than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. It remains unclear whether these deficits are explained by genetic or environmental factors. To better understand environmental contributions, we examined incidence patterns of lymphoid malignancies among populations characterized by ethnicity, birthplace, and residential neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnic enclave status. METHODS We obtained data about all Asian patients diagnosed with lymphoid malignancies between 1988 and 2004 from the California Cancer Registry and neighborhood characteristics from U.S. Census data. RESULTS Although incidence rates of most lymphoid malignancies were lower among Asian than white populations, only follicular lymphoma (FL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), and nodular sclerosis (NS) HL rates were statistically significantly lower among foreign-born than U.S.-born Asians with incidence rate ratios ranging from 0.34 to 0.87. Rates of CLL/SLL and NS HL were also lower among Asian women living in ethnic enclaves or lower SES neighborhoods than those living elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS These observations support strong roles of environmental factors in the causation of FL, CLL/SLL, and NS HL. IMPACT Studying specific lymphoid malignancies in U.S. Asians may provide valuable insight toward understanding their environmental causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Clarke
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA.
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