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Swieton J, Miklosz J, Bielicka N, Frackiewicz A, Depczynski K, Stolarek M, Bonarek P, Kaminski K, Rozga P, Yusa SI, Gromotowicz-Poplawska A, Szczubialka K, Pawlak D, Mogielnicki A, Kalaska B. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Reversal of Sulfonated Di- and Triblock Copolymers as Novel Parenteral Anticoagulants. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2402191. [PMID: 39370656 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite targeting different coagulation cascade sites, all Food and Drug Administration-approved anticoagulants present an elevated risk of bleeding, including potentially life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage. Existing studies have not thoroughly investigated the efficacy and safety of sulfonate polymers in animal models and fully elucidate the precise mechanisms by which these polymers act. The activity and safety of sulfonated di- and triblock copolymers containing poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSSS), poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate) (PAMPS), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(sodium methacrylate) (PMAAS), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(sodium 11-acrylamidoundecanoate) (PAaU) blocks are synthesized and assessed. PSSS-based copolymers exhibit greater anticoagulant activity than PAMPS-based ones. Their activity is mainly affected by the total concentration of sulfonate groups and molecular weight. PEG-containing copolymers demonstrate a better safety profile than PAA-containing ones. The selected copolymer PEG47-PSSS32 exhibits potent anticoagulant activity in rodents after subcutaneous and intravenous administration. Heparin Binding Copolymer (HBC) completely reverses the anticoagulant activity of polymer in rat and human plasma. No interaction with platelets is observed. Selected copolymer targets mainly factor XII and fibrinogen, and to a lesser extent factors X, IX, VIII, and II, suggesting potential application in blood-contacting biomaterials for anticoagulation purposes. Further studies are needed to explore its therapeutic applications fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Swieton
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Joanna Miklosz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Natalia Bielicka
- Department of Biopharmacy and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Frackiewicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Karol Depczynski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Marta Stolarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 St., Krakow, 30-387, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11 St., Krakow, 30-348, Poland
| | - Piotr Bonarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 St., Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Kamil Kaminski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 St., Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Piotr Rozga
- Drug Discovery and Early Development Department, Adamed Pharma S.A., Pienkow, Mariana Adamkiewicza 6A St., Czosnow, 05-152, Poland
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 167 Shosha, Himeji, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Anna Gromotowicz-Poplawska
- Department of Biopharmacy and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczubialka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 St., Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mogielnicki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C St., Bialystok, 15-089, Poland
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Fukuda T, Asou E, Nogi K, Goto K. Evaluation of mouse red blood cell and platelet counting with an automated hematology analyzer. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1707-1711. [PMID: 28845024 PMCID: PMC5658564 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An evaluation of mouse red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) counting with an automated
hematology analyzer was performed with three strains of mice, C57BL/6 (B6), BALB/c (BALB)
and DBA/2 (D2). There were no significant differences in RBC and PLT counts between manual
and automated optical methods in any of the samples, except for D2 mice. For D2, RBC
counts obtained using the manual method were significantly lower than those obtained using
the automated optical method (P<0.05), and PLT counts obtained using
the manual method were higher than those obtained using the automated optical method
(P<0.05). An automated hematology analyzer can be used for RBC and
PLT counting; however, an appropriate method should be selected when D2 mice samples are
used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruko Fukuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-1-11 Kaga Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Eri Asou
- Teikyo University Hospital, 2-1-11 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0005, Japan
| | - Kimiko Nogi
- Teikyo University Hospital, 2-1-11 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0005, Japan
| | - Kazuo Goto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-1-11 Kaga Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Hyperserotonemia in autism: activity of 5HT-associated platelet proteins. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:493-501. [PMID: 19221690 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in serotonin (5HT) neurotransmission have been indicated as biological substrates in several neuropsychiatric disorders including autism. Blood 5HT concentrations, elevated in about one-third of autistic subjects, are regulated through the action of peripheral 5HT-associated proteins. We have measured the activity of two platelet 5HT-associated proteins: 5HT transporter (5HTT) and monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), and indirectly studied the activity of 5HT(2A) receptor (5HT(2A)r) in 15 hyperserotonemic (HS) and 17 normoserotonemic (NS) autistic subjects, and 15 healthy controls (C). While mean velocities of 5HTT kinetics did not significantly differ among the groups, significant elevation in the mean velocity of MAOB kinetics was observed in NS subjects and was even more pronounced in HS subjects in comparison to controls. Also, a decrease in adenosine 5'-diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation of borderline significance was observed in NS subjects, compared to C subjects. The results suggest a possibility of upregulation of monoaminergic synthesis/degradation and, probably consequential, downregulation of 5HT(2A)r in autistic subjects.
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Rajagopal V, Lincoff AM, Cohen DJ, Gurm HS, Hu T, Desmet WJ, Kleiman NS, Bittl JA, Feit F, Topol EJ. Outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes who are treated with bivalirudin during percutaneous coronary intervention: an analysis from the Randomized Evaluation in PCI Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events (REPLACE-2) trial. Am Heart J 2006; 152:149-54. [PMID: 16824845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The REPLACE-2 trial demonstrated that bivalirudin with provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) inhibition is not inferior to heparin plus GPIIb/IIIa inhibition in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The extent to which this applies to patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is unclear. Therefore, we sought to determine if bivalirudin has similar efficacy in ACS patients as compared with "stable" patients in the REPLACE-2 trial. METHODS We analyzed the outcomes of ACS patients compared with stable patients and the outcomes of ACS patients according to whether or not they had received bivalirudin, including the economic costs. The trial enrolled 1351 ACS patients (myocardial infarction within 7 days or unstable angina within 48 hours, but not on ongoing GPIIb/IIIa or heparin therapy) and 4554 stable patients. RESULTS Patients with ACS had a similar rate of death or myocardial infarction at 30 days compared to stable patients (7.2% vs 6.7%, P = .51) and death at 1 year (1.6% vs 2.2%, P = .169), but a higher rate of urgent coronary artery bypass graft at 30 days (1.0% vs 0.3%, P = .002). Patients with ACS treated with bivalirudin had a similar rate of 30-day death, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization compared with ACS patients treated with heparin and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors (8.7% vs 8.0%, P = .616) and death at 1 year (1.5% vs 1.8%, P = .701), but a higher rate of revascularization at 6 months (12% vs 8.4%, P = .04). Patients with ACS treated with bivalirudin had less major bleeding than ACS patients treated with heparin and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, although this was not statistically significant (2.7% vs 4.5%, P = .07). Mean 30-day costs for patients with ACS were dollar 12415 for those treated with bivalirudin and dollar 12806 for those treated with heparin plus GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors (P = .022). CONCLUSION Bivalirudin with provisional GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor use in low-risk ACS patients (not receiving preprocedural GPIIb/IIIa blockade) appears to provide similar protection against death and myocardial infarction as the combination of heparin and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, although we observed a higher rate of revascularization at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rajagopal
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Luzzatto G, Paolini R, Stevanato F, Simioni P, Cella G. Effects of glycosaminoglycans and protamine chloridrate on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and thrombin. Angiology 1989; 40:170-4. [PMID: 2916768 DOI: 10.1177/000331978904000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heparin (HE), dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and protamine chloridrate (PC) on platelet aggregation were studied. Both PC and the three glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) did not influence collagen-induced platelet aggregation. In contrast, all the tested GAGs blocked thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. HE and HS were equivalent and very effective, while DS was also but to a lesser extent. This could be because HE and HS act via both antithrombin III and heparin-cofactor II, whereas DS exerts its action on the latter only. PC, too, inhibited, in a dose-dependent fashion, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, probably by competing with the thrombin affinity binding sites on the platelet surface. When the GAGs were tested together with PC, HE was shown to be the most effective: on a weight-for-weight basis, an identical amount of PC was unable to counteract the inhibitory effect of HE, while it partially reversed those of DS and HS. A full reversal of the inhibitory effect of DS and HS was never observed, in spite of adding increasing amounts of PC. It seems likely that plasma components may preserve the bindings of such GAGs with their cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Luzzatto
- Institute of Medical Semeiotics, University of Padua, Medical School, Italy
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