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Breastfeeding Duration and the Social Learning of Infant Feeding Knowledge in Two Maya Communities. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2020; 31:43-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12110-019-09358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Martin MA, Garcia G, Kaplan HS, Gurven MD. Conflict or congruence? Maternal and infant-centric factors associated with shorter exclusive breastfeeding durations among the Tsimane. Soc Sci Med 2016; 170:9-17. [PMID: 27732906 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Six months of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is considered optimal for infant health, though globally most infants begin complementary feeding (CF) earlier-including among populations that practice prolonged breastfeeding. Two frameworks for understanding patterns of early CF emerge in the literature. In the first, maternal and infant needs trade-off, as "maternal-centric" factors-related to time and energy demands, reproductive investment, cultural influences, and structural barriers- favor supplanting breastfeeding with earlier and increased CF. A second framework considers that "infant-centric" factors-related to infant energetic needs-favor CF before six months to supplement breastfeeding. We apply these two frameworks in examining early CF among the Tsimane-a high-fertility, high-mortality, forager-horticulturalist population residing in the Bolivian Amazon. Data were collected from a mixed-longitudinal sample of 161 Tsimane mother-infant pairs from August 2012-April 2013. Tsimane mothers generally reported introducing CF because of perceived infant needs. However, CF is introduced with continued intensive breastfeeding, and generally coupled with premastication. Risks of earlier CF relative to the minimum hazard (estimated at 5 births) were elevated for lower and higher parity mothers, but were significantly greater only after 9 births. Seventeen percent of mothers reported introducing CF because of low milk supply. Introducing CF because of low milk was most common from 0 to 3 months of age and among higher parity mothers, which may reflect physiological constraints. Maternal reproductive trade-offs and perceived infant needs may help explain the low prevalence of EBF to six months among other populations in which breastfeeding is not structurally or culturally constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Martin
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, USA.
| | - Geni Garcia
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, USA.
| | - Hillard S Kaplan
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Michael D Gurven
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, USA.
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Qasem W, Fenton T, Friel J. Age of introduction of first complementary feeding for infants: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:107. [PMID: 26328549 PMCID: PMC4557230 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite a World Health Organization recommendation for exclusive breastfeeding of all full-term infants to 6 months of age, it is not clear what the health implications may be. Breast milk alone may not meet the nutrition needs for all growing infants, leaving them at risk for deficiencies. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between moderate (4 months) versus late (6 months) introduction of complementary foods to the full-term breastfed infant on iron status and growth. Methods An electronic search of peer-reviewed and gray-literature was conducted for randomized control trials (RCTs) and observational studies related to the timing of introduction of complementary foods. Iron status and growth data from the relevant RCTs were analyzed using RevMan 5.2.11. Results Three RCTs and one observational study met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed significantly higher hemoglobin levels in infants fed solids at 4 months versus those fed solids at 6 months in developing countries [mean difference [MD]: 5.0 g/L; 95 % CI: 1.5, 8.5 g/L; P = 0.005]. Meta-anaysis also showed higher serum ferritin levels in the 4-month group in both developed and developing countries [MD: 26.0 μg/L; 95 % CI: -0.1, 52.1 μg/L, P = 0.050], [MD: 18.9 μg/L; 95 % CI: 0.7, 37.1 μg/L, P = 0.040]. Short follow-up periods and small sample sizes of the included studies were the major limitations. Conclusions RCT evidence suggests the rate of iron deficiency anemia in breastfed infants could be positively altered by introduction of solids at 4 months. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0409-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Qasem
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 196 Innovation Drive, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 6C5, Canada.
| | - Tanis Fenton
- Nutrition Services, Alberta Health Services, Alberta Children's Hospital Research, Institute, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - James Friel
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 196 Innovation Drive, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 6C5, Canada.
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Vercellotti G, Piperata BA, Agnew AM, Wilson WM, Dufour DL, Reina JC, Boano R, Justus HM, Larsen CS, Stout SD, Sciulli PW. Exploring the multidimensionality of stature variation in the past through comparisons of archaeological and living populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:229-42. [PMID: 24894916 PMCID: PMC7424595 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult stature variation is commonly attributed to differential stress-levels during development. However, due to selective mortality and heterogeneous frailty, a population's tall stature may be more indicative of high selective pressures than of positive life conditions. This article examines stature in a biocultural context and draws parallels between bioarchaeological and living populations to explore the multidimensionality of stature variation in the past. This study investigates: 1) stature differences between archaeological populations exposed to low or high stress (inferred from skeletal indicators); 2) similarities in growth retardation patterns between archaeological and living groups; and 3) the apportionment of variance in growth outcomes at the regional level in archaeological and living populations. Anatomical stature estimates were examined in relation to skeletal stress indicators (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia) in two medieval bioarchaeological populations. Stature and biocultural information were gathered for comparative living samples from South America. Results indicate 1) significant (P < 0.01) differences in stature between groups exposed to different levels of skeletal stress; 2) greater prevalence of stunting among living groups, with similar patterns in socially stratified archaeological and modern groups; and 3) a degree of regional variance in growth outcomes consistent with that observed for highly selected traits. The relationship between early stress and growth is confounded by several factors-including catch-up growth, cultural buffering, and social inequality. The interpretations of early life conditions based on the relationship between stress and stature should be advanced with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda M. Agnew
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Warren M. Wilson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta AB T2N 1N4
| | - Darna L. Dufour
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Julio C. Reina
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad del Valle and Centro Médico Imbanaco de Cali, Colombia
| | - Rosa Boano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy 10123
| | - Hedy M. Justus
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Sam D. Stout
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Paul W. Sciulli
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Kaupová S, Herrscher E, Velemínský P, Cabut S, Poláček L, Brůžek J. Urban and rural infant-feeding practices and health in early medieval Central Europe (9th-10th Century, Czech Republic). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:635-51. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Kaupová
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la culture et de la communication; LAMPEA UMR 7269 13094 Aix-en-Provence France
- Department of Anthropology; National Museum; Václavské náměstí 68 11579 Praha 1 Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Viničná 7 12844 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Estelle Herrscher
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la culture et de la communication; LAMPEA UMR 7269 13094 Aix-en-Provence France
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology; National Museum; Václavské náměstí 68 11579 Praha 1 Czech Republic
| | - Sandrine Cabut
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la culture et de la communication; LAMPEA UMR 7269 13094 Aix-en-Provence France
| | - Lumír Poláček
- Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Science; Královopolská 147 61200 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- PACEA-A3P, UMR 5199, CNRS; Université Bordeaux 1 33405 Talence France
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Veile A, Martin M, McAllister L, Gurven M. Modernization is associated with intensive breastfeeding patterns in the Bolivian Amazon. Soc Sci Med 2013; 100:148-58. [PMID: 24444850 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For many traditional, non-industrialized populations, intensive and prolonged breastfeeding buffers infant health against poverty, poor sanitation, and limited health care. Due to novel influences on local economies, values, and beliefs, the traditional and largely beneficial breastfeeding patterns of such populations may be changing to the detriment of infant health. To assess if and why such changes are occurring in a traditional breastfeeding population, we document breastfeeding patterns in the Bolivian Tsimane, a forager-horticulturalist population in the early stages of modernization. Three predictions are developed and tested to evaluate the general hypothesis that modernizing influences encourage less intensive breastfeeding in the Tsimane: 1) Tsimane mothers in regions of higher infant mortality will practice more intensive BF; 2) Tsimane mothers who are located closer to a local market town will practice more intensive BF; and 3) Older Tsimane mothers will practice more intensive BF. Predictions were tested using a series of maternal interviews (from 2003 to 2011, n = 215) and observations of mother-infant dyads (from 2002 to 2007, n = 133). Tsimane breastfeeding patterns were generally intensive: 72% of mothers reported initiating BF within a few hours of birth, mean (±SD) age of CF introduction was 4.1 ± 2.0 months, and mean (±SD) weaning age was 19.2 ± 7.3 months. There was, however, intra-population variation in several dimensions of breastfeeding (initiation, frequency, duration, and complementary feeding). Contrary to our predictions, breastfeeding was most intensive in the most modernized Tsimane villages, and maternal age was not a significant predictor of breastfeeding patterns. Regional differences accounted for variation in most dimensions of breastfeeding (initiation, frequency, and complementary feeding). Future research should therefore identify constraints on breastfeeding in the less modernized Tsimane regions, and examine the formation of maternal beliefs regarding infant feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Veile
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA.
| | - Melanie Martin
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Lisa McAllister
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Jay M. Breastfeeding and Weaning Behaviour in Archaeological Populations: Evidence from the Isotopic Analysis of Skeletal Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/cip.2009.2.1.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Wilson WM, Bulkan J, Piperata BA, Hicks K, Ehlers P. Nutritional status of Makushi Amerindian children and adolescents of Guyana. Ann Hum Biol 2011; 38:615-29. [PMID: 21675938 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2011.588248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amazonian Indians are in the midst of a rapid cultural transition. The developments affecting Amazonian Indians present an opportunity to address important public health problems through public and private initiatives, but to do so it is imperative to begin with information on the health status of these peoples and the underlying factors affecting it. However, relatively few such data are available for this vast region. AIM This study describes the nutritional status of Makushi Amerindians of Guyana and considers several variables which might help to explain it. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Data for 792 Makushi, 0-20 years of age from 11 villages are considered. Outcome variables considered are anthropometric markers of growth and nutritional status; specifically height-for-age, weight-for-height and body-mass index. Predictor variables explored are age, sex, relative isolation, number of siblings, season of birth, diet and morbidity. Fisher's exact test, chi-square, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression were used to assess possible relationships between these variables. RESULTS Relative to other Amazonian Indians, the Makushi have a lower rate of linear-growth faltering and a higher rate of linear-growth faltering relative to non-Amerindian Guyanese. Males, older cohorts, those living in isolated villages or born in the wet season showed higher rates of growth faltering. CONCLUSION Makushi nutritional status may be explained by sex, age, relative isolation, family size, season of birth, dietary intake and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren M Wilson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Pearson JA, Hedges REM, Molleson TI, Ozbek M. Exploring the relationship between weaning and infant mortality: an isotope case study from Aşıklı Höyük and Çayönü Tepesi. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 143:448-57. [PMID: 20623678 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We measured stable nitrogen isotope ratios in bone collagen of 60 individuals from the early Neolithic (9th-8th millennium Cal. BC) sites of Çayönü Tepesi and Aşıklı Höyük. Our aim was to identify the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), compare this with juvenile mortality at each site, and assess whether there was a relationship between them. The isotope analysis suggests that weaning commenced at about 1 year at Aşıklı Höyük and around 2 years at Çayönü Tepesi. The mortality data show equal numbers of infant deaths up to 24 months; however, after 24 months, the mortality rate increases at Çayönü Tepesi, and a Student's t-test confirms a significant difference in infant mortality between the sites. Weaning foods prepared in the early Neolithic from agricultural crops would have had low-iron content, poor nutritional value, and would have been prepared in nonsterilized containers. Therefore, later weaned infants in early Neolithic farming settlements, although capable of some immunological response, were probably undernourished putting them at a disadvantage when encountering bacteria in their weaning food. Our results suggest that infant feeding regimes that introduced infants to weaning foods in the first year of life may have had a positive effect on their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Pearson
- School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GS, UK.
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Meij JJ, van Bodegom D, Ziem JB, Amankwa J, Polderman AM, Kirkwood TBL, de Craen AJM, Zwaan BJ, Westendorp RGJ. Quality-quantity trade-off of human offspring under adverse environmental conditions. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:1014-23. [PMID: 19298492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A central paradigm in life-history theory is the trade-off between offspring number and quality. Several studies have investigated this trade-off in humans, but data are inconclusive, perhaps because prosperous socio-cultural factors mask the trade-off. Therefore, we studied 2461 offspring groups in an area under adverse conditions in northern Ghana with high fertility and mortality rates. In a linear mixed model controlling for differences in age and tribe of the mother and socioeconomic status, each additional child in the offspring group resulted in a 2.3% (95% CI 1.9-2.6%, P < 0.001) lower proportional survival of the offspring. Furthermore, we made use of the polygamous population structure and compared offspring of co-wives in 388 households, thus controlling for variation in resources between compounds. Here, offspring survival decreased 2.8% (95% CI 2.3-4.0%, P < 0.001) for each increase in offspring number. We interpret these data as an apparent quality-quantity trade-off in human offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Meij
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Human Lactation, Pair-bonds, and Alloparents. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2007; 19:87-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s12110-007-9026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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