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Satanin LA, Evteev AA, Rudnev SG, Satanina TL, Roginsky VV. Normative reference data for intracranial volume in children: The results of CT volumetry. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:1873-1879. [PMID: 38393384 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial volume (ICV) is an important indicator of the development of the brain and skull in children. At present, there is a lack of ICV growth standards based on large infant and children samples. Our aim was to assess the normal range of the ICV variation in Russian children using a modern automatic system for constructing the endocranial cavity (Endex) and to provide growth standards of the ICV for clinical practice. METHODS High-resolution head CT scans were obtained from 673 apparently healthy children (380 boys and 293 girls) aged 0-17 years and transformed into the ICV estimates using the Endex software. The open-source software RefCurv utilizing R and the GAMLSS add-on package with the LMS method was then used for the construction of smooth centile growth references for ICV according to age and sex. RESULTS We demonstrated that the ICVs estimates calculated using the Endex software are perfectly comparable with those obtained by a conventional technique (i.e. seed feeling). Sex-specific pediatric growth charts for ICV were constructed. CONCLUSIONS This study makes available for use in clinical practice ICV growth charts for the age from 0 to 17 based on a sample of 673 high-resolution CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Satanin
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Evteev
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Rudnev
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T L Satanina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Roginsky
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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Liang C, Profico A, Buzi C, Khonsari RH, Johnson D, O'Higgins P, Moazen M. Normal human craniofacial growth and development from 0 to 4 years. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9641. [PMID: 37316540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of human craniofacial growth (increase in size) and development (change in shape) is important in the clinical treatment of a range of conditions that affects it. This study uses an extensive collection of clinical CT scans to investigate craniofacial growth and development over the first 48 months of life, detail how the cranium changes in form (size and shape) in each sex and how these changes are associated with the growth and development of various soft tissues such as the brain, eyes and tongue and the expansion of the nasal cavity. This is achieved through multivariate analyses of cranial form based on 3D landmarks and semi-landmarks and by analyses of linear dimensions, and cranial volumes. The results highlight accelerations and decelerations in cranial form changes throughout early childhood. They show that from 0 to 12 months, the cranium undergoes greater changes in form than from 12 to 48 months. However, in terms of the development of overall cranial shape, there is no significant sexual dimorphism in the age range considered in this study. In consequence a single model of human craniofacial growth and development is presented for future studies to examine the physio-mechanical interactions of the craniofacial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Costantino Buzi
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Roman H Khonsari
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Necker - Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Johnson
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul O'Higgins
- PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mehran Moazen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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3
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Syutkina T, Anikin A, Satanin L, Evteev A. Sexual dimorphism in human midfacial growth patterns from newborn to 5 years old based on computed tomography. J Anat 2023; 242:132-145. [PMID: 36208113 PMCID: PMC9877485 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have supported the presence and varying nature of craniofacial sexual dimorphism (SD) from the very first stages of ontogeny. But the exact patterns of between-sex differences during the first years of life remain obscure despite the importance of these data for craniofacial surgery treatment and forensic studies. Our study employs a large dataset of clinical computed tomography scans of individuals of East Slavonic descent from birth to 5 years of age (247 males and 184 females) to address the pattern of age-related between-sex differences in 22 linear measurements of the mid-face. At birth, SD of most dimensions is low, but it increases significantly during the first year of life. The level of SD of most variables fluctuates in both directions during the second year and peaks during the third and fourth years of life. During the sixth year, SD of about half of the variables markedly decreases. In adults, SD of all variables increases, but to a very different extent: from 2% to 13%. Most sexually dimorphic features of the facial skeleton begin to develop early in postnatal ontogeny and then may or may not become accentuated during puberty. Importantly, the patterns of age changes in the level of SD differ strongly between various dimensions, and so cannot be expressed by a single value for the whole face. Additionally, the level of SD for a particular variable is not ontogenetically stable during the first years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya Syutkina
- Department of Human Ecology, The Russian Academy of Sciences N.N. Miklouho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoliy Anikin
- Radiology Department, Scientific Centre of Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Satanin
- Pediatric Department, Burdenko Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrej Evteev
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Maréchal L, Dumoncel J, Santos F, Astudillo Encina W, Evteev A, Prevost A, Toro-Ibacache V, Venter RG, Heuzé Y. New insights into the variability of upper airway morphology in modern humans. J Anat 2022; 242:781-795. [PMID: 36585765 PMCID: PMC10093156 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological adaptation of the human lineage to its environment is a recurring question in paleoanthropology. Particularly, how eco-geographic factors (e.g., environmental temperature and humidity) have shaped upper airway morphology in hominins have been subject to continuing debate. Nasal shape is the result of many intertwined factors that include, but are not limited to, genetic drift, sexual selection, or adaptation to climate. A quantification of nasal airway (NA) morphological variation in modern human populations is crucial to better understand these multiple factors. In the present research, we study 195 in vivo CT scans of adult individuals collected in five different geographic areas (Chile, France, Cambodia, Russia, and South Africa). After segmentation of the nasal airway, we reconstruct 3D meshes that are analyzed with a landmark-free geometric morphometrics method based on surface deformation. Our results highlight subtle but statistically significant morphological differences between our five samples. The two morphologically closest groups are France and Russia, whose NAs are longer and narrower, with an important protrusion of the supero-anterior part. The Cambodian sample is the most morphologically distinct and clustered sample, with a mean NA that is wider and shorter. On the contrary, the Chilean sample form the most scattered cluster with the greatest intra-population variation. The South African sample is morphologically close to the Cambodian sample, but also partially overlaps the French and Russian variation. Interestingly, we record no correlation between NA volume and geographic groups, which raises the question of climate-related metabolic demands for oxygen consumption. The other factors of variation (sex and age) have no influence on the NA shape in our samples. However, NA volume varies significantly according both to sex and age: it is higher in males than in females and tends to increase with age. In contrast, we observe no effect of temperature or humidity on NA volume. Finally, we highlight the important influence of asymmetries related to nasal septum deviations in NA shape variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maréchal
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Pessac, France
| | - Jean Dumoncel
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Santos
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Pessac, France
| | | | - Andrej Evteev
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alice Prevost
- Plastic and Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Viviana Toro-Ibacache
- Centro de Análisis Cuantitativo en Antropología Dental, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rudolph G Venter
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yann Heuzé
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Pessac, France
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5
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Yu JL, Tangutur A, Thuler E, Evans M, Dedhia RC. The role of craniofacial maldevelopment in the modern OSA epidemic: a scoping review. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:1187-1202. [PMID: 34984972 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES There is increasing recognition that environmental factors affect human craniofacial development and our risk for disease. A scoping review of the literature was performed looking at environmental influences on craniofacial development to better understand this relationship and investigate what further study is needed to determine how this relationship may impact obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed using the Ovid Medline database from inception to May, 2020 with relevance to craniofacial development in 5 clinically-oriented variables: diet, secular change, breastfeeding/non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH), nasal obstruction/mouth breathing, and masticatory muscle function. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence (LoE) was used to assess studies based on study design. RESULTS 18,196 articles were initially identified, of which 260 studies were fully reviewed and 97 articles excluded. The remaining 163 articles were categorized as follows: Secular change (n = 16), Diet (n = 33), Breastfeeding/NNSH (n = 28), Nasal obstruction/Mouth breathing (n = 57), and Masticatory muscle function (n = 35). 93% of included studies reported a significant association between craniofacial morphology and environmental factors. The majority of studies were characterized as low LoE studies with 90% of studies being LoE 4 or 5. CONCLUSIONS The studies in this review suggest that environmental factors are associated with changes in craniofacial development. However, most studies were heterogeneous and low-level studies, making strong conclusions about these relationships difficult. Future rigorous studies are needed to further our understanding of environmental influences on craniofacial development and OSA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Yu
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Akshay Tangutur
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Eric Thuler
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Marianna Evans
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Raj C Dedhia
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA
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6
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Aihara Y, Yanagawa T, Sasaki M, Sasaki K, Shibuya Y, Adachi K, Togashi S, Takaoka S, Tabuchi K, Bukawa H, Sekido M. Nasal molding prevents relapse of nasal deformity after primary rhinoplasty in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip: An outcomes-based comparative study of palatal plate alone versus nasoalveolar molding. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 8:197-208. [PMID: 34689427 PMCID: PMC8874052 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In recent years, many studies have reported that the presurgical nasoalveolar molding method improves the nose morphology; however, the reason for its effectiveness after surgery has never been understood. We evaluated the effect of nasoalveolar molding by comparing it with a passive orthopedic method without a nasal stent and focusing on the nostril morphology after primary cheiloplasty using various measurement methods. We then analyzed the essential factors. Materials and methods The patients involved were 31 infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate treated with primary cheiloplasty at the University of Tsukuba Hospital from 2004 to 2011. Of the 31 infants, 16 received nasoalveolar molding treatment and 15 received passive orthopedic treatment as controls. Photographic facial measurements were performed for all patients immediately and 7 months after primary cheiloplasty. The esthetics of the nostrils were assessed according to the left–right nostril symmetry, as measured by the Hausdorff distance, area ratio, perimeter ratio, and aspect a/u (the aspect ratio of the affected side)/(the aspect ratio of the unaffected side) ratio. In addition, the inclination of the nasal ridge was assessed using anthropometric measurements (Grc‐Grn∠midline and midline∠columellar axis). Results The area ratio, perimeter ratio, and Grc‐Grn∠midline were significantly greater in the nasoalveolar molding group immediately after surgery (p = 0.00062, 0.016, and 0.048, respectively) than in the control group. However, the Hausdorff distance and aspect a/u ratio were more favorable (p = 0.0018 and 0.0039, respectively) in the nasoalveolar molding group after 7 months. Conclusions The results of our study suggested that using nasoalveolar molding as a presurgical orthopedic treatment could improve the shape of the nasal cartilage with surgeon's corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Aihara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sasaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sasaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Shibuya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Adachi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Togashi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shohei Takaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tabuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sekido
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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7
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Butaric LN, Nicholas CL, Kravchuk K, Maddux SD. Ontogenetic variation in human nasal morphology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1910-1937. [PMID: 34549897 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Internal nasal cavity morphology has long been thought to reflect respiratory pressures related to heating and humidifying inspired air. Yet, despite the widely recognized importance of ontogeny in understanding climatic and thermoregulatory adaptations, most research on nasal variation in modern and fossil humans focuses on static adult morphology. This study utilizes cross-sectional CT data of three morphologically distinct samples (African, European, Arctic) spanning from infancy to adulthood (total n = 321). Eighteen landmarks capturing external and internal regions of the face and nose were subjected to generalized Procrustes and form-space principal component analyses (separately conducted on global and individual samples) to ascertain when adult-specific nasal morphology emerges during ontogeny. Across the global sample, PC1 (67.18% of the variation) tracks age-related size changes regardless of ancestry, while PC2 (6.86%) differentiates between the ancestral groups irrespective of age. Growth curves tracking morphological changes by age-in-years indicate comparable growth trajectories across all three samples, with the majority of nasal size and shape established early in ontogeny (<5 years of age). Sex-based trends are also evident, with females exhibiting a more truncated growth period than males, particularly for nasal height dimensions. Differences are also evident between the anterior and posterior nose, with the height and breadth dimensions of the anterior nasal aperture and nasal cavity showing differential ontogenetic patterns compared to the choanae. Cumulatively, these results suggest that multiple selective pressures influence human nasal morphology through ontogenetic processes, including metabolic demands for sufficient oxygen intake and climatic demands for adequate intranasal air conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Butaric
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Christina L Nicholas
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine Kravchuk
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Scott D Maddux
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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8
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Landi F, Barraclough J, Evteev A, Anikin A, Satanin L, O'Higgins P. The role of the nasal region in craniofacial growth: An investigation using path analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1892-1909. [PMID: 34288539 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the role of the nasal region and its interactions with adjacent facial elements during early ontogeny. A series of linear measurements, areas and volumes were extracted from a collection of 227 medical CT-scans of children from 0 to 6 years of age. These measurements describe aspects of the form of the orbit, maxilla, peri-alveolar (subnasal) region, nasal area, eye, oral region, masseter, and temporal muscles. Hypothesized interactions were then examined using path analysis. Two paths were designed: the first to investigate potential interactions in, and relative contributions of the nasal derivatives and adjacent regions to overall facial growth and development; the second path sees the addition of facial soft tissue measurements and aims to assess their effects on skeletal components, and on overall facial growth and development. The results of the first path indicate a large contribution of the nasal and subnasal regions to facial development. This indicates that the nasal septum and the developing dentition provide an important but variable contribution to facial ontogeny during early years. This result is confirmed in the second path, where the soft tissue elements were added to the diagram. Results of the second path indicate that the soft tissues contribute only locally to the development of some skeletal elements of the face. This indicates that the contribution of skeletal components has a more direct effect on facial height than soft tissue matrices, however there are complex interactions between soft tissues and skeletal elements throughout ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Landi
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George's University, London, UK.,Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Andrej Evteev
- Anuchin's Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoliy Anikin
- Department of Radiology, Scientific Center of Children Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid Satanin
- Department of Pediatric, Burdenko Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Paul O'Higgins
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK.,Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
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9
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Kočandrlová K, Dupej J, Hoffmannová E, Velemínská J. Three-dimensional mixed longitudinal study of facial growth changes and variability of facial form in preschool children using stereophotogrammetry. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 24:511-519. [PMID: 33345464 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the normal, non-pathological facial growth in preschool children is not sufficiently reported, the aim was to follow growth changes of facial surface, sex differences and facial variability in preschool children using 3D stereophotogrammetry. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION Mixed longitudinal sample of healthy Caucasian preschool children without head and facial trauma or craniofacial anomalies from 3.4 to 6.7 years of age consisted of 25 girls and 17 boys. MATERIALS AND METHODS 136 3D facial models from optical scanner Vectra 3D were evaluated by geometric morphometrics (CPC-DCA, PCA, per-vertex t test). RESULTS In both sexes, the lower face was widened and elongated, and the prominences of the superciliary arches, lower orbital region, nose, lips and chin increased. Facial surface increments were more even in girls with a maximum between the fourth and fifth year of age, while in boys, there was the most intensive growth between fifth and sixth year of age. Sexual dimorphism was very stable during investigated period, only less statistically significant at the age of 3 years. Boys had more prominent lateral lower part of forehead, nose and lips than girls in every age category. CONCLUSIONS The longitudinal growth of the face between third and sixth year of age was similar in both sexes, facial sex differences were found in terms of intensity, size and timing. Variability of facial form showed that boys' faces were larger on average and facial shape did not differ. The knowledge of facial growth is essential for diagnostics and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kočandrlová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Dupej
- Faculty of Science, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hoffmannová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Faculty of Science, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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10
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Ito T. Effects of different segmentation methods on geometric morphometric data collection from primate skulls. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ito
- Department of Evolution and Phylogeny, Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Aichi Japan
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11
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Schuh A, Kupczik K, Gunz P, Hublin J, Freidline SE. Ontogeny of the human maxilla: a study of intra-population variability combining surface bone histology and geometric morphometrics. J Anat 2019; 235:233-245. [PMID: 31070788 PMCID: PMC6637443 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone modeling is the process by which bone grows in size and models its shape via the cellular activities of the osteoblasts and osteoclasts that respectively form and remove bone. The patterns of expression of these two activities, visible on bone surfaces, are poorly understood during facial ontogeny in Homo sapiens; this is due mainly to small sample sizes and a lack of quantitative data. Furthermore, how microscopic activities are related to the development of morphological features, like the uniquely human-canine fossa, has been rarely explored. We developed novel techniques for quantifying and visualizing variability in bone modeling patterns and applied these methods to the human maxilla to better understand its development at the micro- and macroscopic levels. We used a cross-sectional ontogenetic series of 47 skulls of known calendar age, ranging from birth to 12 years, from a population of European ancestry. Surface histology was employed to record and quantify formation and resorption on the maxilla, and digital maps representing each individual's bone modeling patterns were created. Semilandmark geometric morphometric (GM) methods and multivariate statistics were used to analyze facial growth. Our results demonstrate that surface histology and GM methods give complementary results, and can be used as an integrative approach in ontogenetic studies. The bone modeling patterns specific to our sample are expressed early in ontogeny, and fairly constant through time. Bone resorption varies in the size of its fields, but not in location. Consequently, absence of bone resorption in extinct species with small sample sizes should be interpreted with caution. At the macroscopic level, maxillary growth is predominant in the top half of the bone where bone formation is mostly present. Our results suggest that maxillary growth in humans is highly constrained from early stages in ontogeny, and morphological changes are likely driven by changes in osteoblastic and osteoclastic rates of expression rather than differences in the bone modeling patterns (i.e. changes in location of formation and resorption). Finally, the results of the micro- and macroscopic analyses suggest that the development of the canine fossa results from a combination of bone resorption and bone growth in the surrounding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schuh
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Kornelius Kupczik
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and AnthropologyMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Jean‐Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Sarah E. Freidline
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
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