The influence of maternal height on offspring's birth weight in Merida, Mexico

Assessing the relationship of maternal short stature with coexisting forms of malnutrition among neonates, infants, and young children of Pakistan

Evidence from previous studies suggests a strong association between pediatric undernutrition and maternal stature. However, there's a scarcity of evidence regarding the relationship between maternal stature and pediatric coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM). This study examined the prevalence and trends of CFM at the individual, household, and community levels, using data from the Demographic & Health Surveys (DHS) of Pakistan. Furthermore, this study assessed the association between pediatric CFM and short maternal stature while adjusting for multiple covariates. A panel cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2012-2013 and 2017-2018 Pakistan Demographic & Health Survey (PDHS). We included data from 6194 mother-child dyads aged 15-49 years and 0-59 months, respectively, while excluding data from pregnant mothers and dyads with incomplete anthropometric variables and anthropometric outliers. Across the two survey periods, our findings reveal a significant decline in pediatric malnutrition, including CFM, alongside a concurrent increase in maternal overweight/obesity. Three out of four households had either a malnourished mother, and/or a malnourished child, and/or both. Our study demonstrates that short maternal stature increased the odds of various forms of pediatric undernutrition by two-to-threefolds (p < .041), but we did not find an association with wasting, overweight/obesity, and nutritional paradox. This underscores the heightened vulnerability of children born to short-stature mothers to various forms of pediatric undernutrition. Addressing the high prevalence of pediatric undernutrition among children of short-stature mothers necessitates a comprehensive approach that considers an individual's nutritional status throughout their entire life cycle.

The Association of Maternal Height With Mode of Delivery and Fetal Birth Weight at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Study Objectives: The aim of this study was to find if there is an association between maternal height and mode of delivery, as well as an association between maternal height and baby’s weight as a secondary outcome.

Method: This retrospective record review was performed at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, including patients admitted between January 2016 to December 2017. All nulligravida with singleton term pregnancies who gave birth were included in this study. Pregnant women with planned elective cesarean section (CS) and incomplete records were excluded. The maternal demographic and clinical data (age, height, weight, hypertension, gestational diabetes (GDM), body mass index (BMI), smoking status, gestational age, regional analgesia during delivery, type of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and episiotomy), neonatal birth weight, and Apgar score were obtained from KAUH computerized records. Our primary outcome was the mode of delivery. The secondary outcome was the classification of neonatal weight into small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), or large for gestational age (LGA). Maternal height was divided into seven groups. Descriptive statistics using mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables. Frequencies and percentages were used for categorical variables. Student's t-test and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the differences between continuous and categorical variables.

Result: A total of 1067 women were included in this study. Most were at 40 weeks of gestation age (14.9%) with a mean height of 156.4±6.2 cm. Of the total, 76.9% were spontaneous vaginal delivery without operative assistance, 15.9% were delivered via CS, and 7.2% delivered vaginally with the assistance of forceps or ventouse. The mean neonatal birth weight was 2994 ± 451 gms with most neonates (87.3%) having a birth weight between 2500 and 4000 gms. Most babies were of average weight for their gestational age at delivery. There was a significant negative association between maternal height with CS (p=0.017). Moreover, there was a correlation between maternal height and the baby’s birth weight (p=0.01), and we found that for every 1 cm increase in women’s height, the baby's weight increases by 12.8 gms.

Conclusion: Our study didn’t find an association between maternal height and vaginal delivery or operative vaginal delivery. However, there was an impact of maternal height on CS delivery. Therefore, we suggest screening for short maternal height as they have an increased risk of having an emergency CS. In our secondary outcome, we found a positive association between maternal height and baby's birth weight.

Development of birthweight and length for gestational age and sex references in Yucatan, Mexico

OBJECTIVE

To develop sex- and gestational age specific reference percentiles and curves for birth weight and length for Yucatec neonates using data from birth registers of infants born during 2015-2019.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Observational, descriptive, epidemiologic study in a 5-year period including every registered birth in the state of Yucatan, Mexico using birth registries. A total of 158 432 live, physically healthy singletons (76 442 females and 81 990 males) between 25 and 42 weeks of gestation were included in the analysis. We used the LMS method to construct smoothed reference centiles (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th, and 97th) and curves for males and females separately.

RESULTS

Mean maternal age was 26 (SD = 6.22) years. Fifty-two percent of births occurred by vaginal delivery, 37% were firstborn and similar proportions were second (33%) and third or more (30%) born. 5.5% of newborns included in the references corresponds to neonates born before 37 weeks of gestation (5.9% boys and 5.1% girls). In both sexes, the percentage of infants with a birthweight less than 2500 g was 6.7%. The birthweight at the 50th percentile for males and females at 40 weeks of gestation in this cohort was 3256 and 3167 g, respectively, and the corresponding values for birth length were 50.23 and 49.84 cm (mean differences between sexes: 89 g and 0.40 cm, respectively).

CONCLUSION

The reference percentile and curves developed in this study are useful for research purposes and can help health practitioners to assess the biological status of infants born in Yucatán.

Ethnic and sociodemographic correlates of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns from Yucatan, Mexico

OBJECTIVES

To provide an insight of the incidence of congenital developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns from Yucatan born between 2015 and 2019 and analyze its association with maternal sociodemographic characteristics and neonatal, pregnancy and delivery related aspects.

METHODS

Retrospective, population-based study from Birth Registries database in Yucatan, Mexico between 2015 and 2019. Presence of hip dysplasia was described and analyzed considering three aspects (I) Maternal information (II) Pregnancy and birth (III) Neonatal examination. We obtained incidence rates from each year and the complete studied period. Association between hip dysplasia and maternal, neonatal and pregnancy/delivery variables was analyzed using logistic regression, unadjusted odds ratio and an adjusted model.

RESULTS

Hip dysplasia occurred in 13 per 10 000 live births. Significant associations were found between hip dysplasia and maternal place of residence in a city <50 000 inhabitants, without a local clinic. Propensity to give birth to a neonate with hip dysplasia increased with maternal age and ethnicity, in female newborns and when total number of pregnancy consultations summed <5. Newborns with hip dysplasia were heavier and less susceptible to be delivered vaginally. Congenital developmental hip dysplasia was comparatively more frequent among offspring of Mayan women and suboptimal access to medical care during pregnancy. Female neonates were affected the most, those first-borns. Neonates with hip dysplasia were heavier and more susceptible to be born by cesarean section.

CONCLUSION

Maternal, neonatal, and perinatal factors are associated with DDH in Yucatecan infants born during 2015-2019. Factors that describe living conditions seems to have a more important effect on the presence of this condition.

Cephalopelvic disproportion as primary diagnosis for cesarean section: Role of neonatal birthweight in relation to maternal height at a Hospital in Merida, Mexico

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the association between newborn and maternal characteristics and the risk for cesarean section (CS) due to cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) and non-CPD causes compared to vaginal deliveries (VD) in a sample of infants and mothers from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.

METHODS

The final sample consisted of 3453 single, live, and term infants born between January 2016 and May 2017 at the Maternal-Infant Hospital in Merida and their mothers (aged ≥19 years). The mode of delivery was established as the dependent variables: (a) VD, (b) CS due to CPD, and (c) non-CPD CS. Independent variables were maternal height and weight, the number of previous VD, newborn weight, and neonatal birthweight (BW) index/maternal height index. A multinomial regression model was used to analyze the association between newborn and maternal characteristics and outcome variable.

RESULTS

By mode of delivery, 2124 (62%) births corresponded to VD, 1042 (30%) to non-CPDCS, and 287 (8%) to CS due to CPD. Mothers who had CS due to CPD weighed more at the end of their pregnancy and were shorter. Maternal age and weight increased the risk for having CS due to CPD compared to VD and maternal height, and the number of previous VD reduces the risk for experiencing CS due to CPD compared to vaginal births. The relative risk ratio for higher neonatal BW/maternal height index was significant for CS due to CPD and non-CPD CS.

CONCLUSION

According to our results from a public hospital in Merida, Mexico, CPD is a result of the interrelation of maternal and fetal size, rather than an independent result of maternal height or BW.