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Elghezal H, Alfayez K, Ben Abdallah I, Alfares A, Almazyad A, Al Jasser A, Almobadel N, Alsuhaibani O, Alhashem A. Hypospadias in ring X syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104225. [PMID: 33872775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ring X is a chromosomal anomaly mainly seen in females with turner syndrome and usually present in mosaic form with 45,X cells (45,X/46,X,r(X)) because of their mitotic instability. In males it is an extremely rare finding because large nullisomy for X chromosome material is likely not compatible with survival. Only two cases of male with ring chromosome X were previously reported. We report here a four-year-old male with ring chromosome X characterized using Karyotype, FISH and array CGH and presenting short stature, microcephaly and hypospadias. Molecular investigations showed 923 Kb terminal deletion on the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) including SHOX gene followed by a duplication of 2.4 Mb. The absence of functional nullisomy because of a second copy of deleted genes was present in chromosome Y PAR1 region may explain the compatibility with survival in our case of male with ring X. Short stature common with the two previously reported cases is likely related to SHOX gene deletion but also to the effect of "ring syndrome". However, hypospadias was not reported in the previous cases and can be due to the associated duplication outside PAR1 region including in particular PRKX gene coding for a protein involved in urogenital system morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Elghezal
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khowla Alfayez
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Inesse Ben Abdallah
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfares
- Division of Genetic and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesh Almazyad
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al Jasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Almobadel
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alsuhaibani
- Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Division of Genetic and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vassal H, Medeira A, Cordeiro I, Santos HG, Castedo S, Saraiva C, da Silva PM, Monteiro C. Terminal deletion of Xp22.3 associated with contiguous gene syndrome: Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis, developmental delay, and ichthyosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 99:331-4. [PMID: 11252003 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010401)99:4<331::aid-ajmg1175>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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de Vries BB, Eussen BH, van Diggelen OP, van der Heide A, Deelen WH, Govaerts LC, Lindhout D, Wouters CH, Van Hemel JO. Submicroscopic Xpter deletion in a boy with growth and mental retardation caused by a familial t(X;14). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19991119)87:2<189::aid-ajmg12>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang I, Franco B, Ferrero GB, Chinault AC, Weissenbach J, Chumakov I, Le Paslier D, Levilliers J, Klink A, Rappold GA, Ballabio A, Petit C. High-density physical mapping of a 3-Mb region in Xp22.3 and refined localization of the gene for X-linked recessive chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX1). Genomics 1995; 26:229-38. [PMID: 7601447 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The study of patients with chromosomal rearrangements has led to the mapping of the gene responsible for X-linked recessive chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX1; MIM 302950) to the distal part of the Xp22.3 region, between the loci PABX and DXS31. To refine this mapping, a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig map spanning this region has been constructed. Together with the YAC contig of the pseudo-autosomal region that we previously established, this map covers the terminal 6 Mb of Xp, with an average density of 1 probe every 100 kb. Newly isolated probes that detect segmental X-Y homologies on Yp and Yq suggest multiple complex rearrangements of the ancestral pseudoautosomal region during evolution. Compilation of the data obtained from the study of individuals carrying various Xp22.3 deletions led us to conclude that the CDPX disease displays incomplete penetrance and, consequently, to refine the localization of CDPX1 to a 600-kb interval immediately adjacent to the pseudoautosomal boundary. This interval, in which 12 probes are ordered, provides the starting point for the isolation of CDPX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wang
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine (CNRS UA 1445), Paris, France
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Abstract
Punctate epiphyses are caused by a diverse group of conditions. They may be an inherited part of certain bone dysplasias or an incidental finding occurring occasionally in various disorders. The pattern of the puncta together with other radiologic findings aid in making the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Poznanski
- Department of Radiology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60614
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