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Manivel JC, Reyes-Múgica M. Founders in Pediatric Pathology: Robert James Gorlin, DDS, PhD: Maxillofacial Pathologist, Geneticist, Academician, and Renaissance Man. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2023; 26:567-571. [PMID: 36755426 DOI: 10.1177/10935266231153203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Manivel
- Department of Pathology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Vilas R, Ceballos FC, Al-Soufi L, González-García R, Moreno C, Moreno M, Villanueva L, Ruiz L, Mateos J, González D, Ruiz J, Cinza A, Monje F, Álvarez G. Is the "Habsburg jaw" related to inbreeding? Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:553-561. [PMID: 31786955 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1687752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The "Habsburg jaw" has long been associated with inbreeding due to the high prevalence of consanguineous marriages in the Habsburg dynasty. However, it is thought that mandibular prognathism (MP) is under the influence of a dominant major gene.Aim: To investigate the relationship between the "Habsburg jaw" and the pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient (F) as a relative measure of genome homozygosity.Subjects and methods: The degree of MP and maxillary deficiency (MD) of 15 members of the Habsburg dynasty was quantified through the clinical analysis of 18 dysmorphic features diagnosed from 66 portraits.Results: A statistically significant correlation (r = 0.711, p = 0.003) between MP and MD was observed among individuals. Only MP showed a statistically significant positive regression on F as evidenced from univariate analysis (b = 6.36 ± 3.34, p = 0.040) and multivariate analysis (PCA) performed from single dysmorphic features (b = 14.10 ± 6.62, p = 0.027, for the first PC).Conclusion: Both MP and MD are generally involved in the "Habsburg jaw." The results showed a greater sensitivity to inbreeding for the lower third of the face and suggest a positive association between the "Habsburg jaw" and homozygosity and therefore a basically recessive inheritance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Vilas
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco C Ceballos
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Laila Al-Soufi
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raúl González-García
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carlos Moreno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel Moreno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Laura Villanueva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis Ruiz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - David González
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jennifer Ruiz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Aitor Cinza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Florencio Monje
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Molecular biology of basal and squamous cell carcinomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 624:241-51. [PMID: 18348461 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas and Squamous cell carcinomas are the two most common human cancers. The incidence of these two types of cancer is estimated to double within 20 years. Identification of the key molecular events is critical in helping us design novel strategies to treat and to prevent these cancers. For example, identification of hedgehog signaling activation has opened up many opportunities for targeted therapy and prevention of basal cell carcinomas. Significant progress has also been made in our understanding of squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. In this chapter, we will focus on major recent developments in our understanding of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas at the molecular levels and their clinical implications.
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Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway, initially discovered in Drosophila by two Nobel laureates, Dr. Eric Wieschaus and Dr. Christiane Nusslein-Volhard, is a major regulator for cell differentiation, tissue polarity and cell proliferation. Studies from many laboratories, including ours, reveal activation of this pathway in most basal cell carcinomas and in approximately 30% of extracutaneous human cancers, including medulloblastomas, gastrointestinal, lung, breast and prostate cancers. Thus, it is believed that targeted inhibition of Hh signaling may be effective in treating and preventing many types of human cancers. Even more exciting is the discovery and synthesis of specific signaling antagonists for the Hh pathway, which have significant clinical implications in novel cancer therapeutics. This review discusses the major advances in the current understanding of Hh signaling activation in different types of human cancers, the molecular basis of Hh signaling activation, the major antagonists for Hh signaling inhibition and their potential clinical application in human cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, University of Texas at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-1048, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michael Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Leonardi R, Sorge G, Caltabino M. Bilateral hyperplasia of the mandibular coronoid processes associated with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome in an Italian boy. Br Dent J 2001; 190:349-50. [PMID: 11338037 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this report we present a subject affected by nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), showing also bilateral mandibular coronoid processes hyperplasia, a hitherto unreported association. Our observation of bilateral hyperplasia of the mandibular coronoid processes in a boy with NBCCS may prompt a retrospective and prospective review of other patients affected by this syndrome in order to establish if this anomaly is part of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Leonardi
- Department of Orthodontics, Istituto di II Clinica Odontoiatrica, Policlinico, Catania University, viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Cohen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Opitz JM, Mollica F, Sorge G, Milana G, Cimino G, Caltabiano M. Acrofacial dysostoses: review and report of a previously undescribed condition: the autosomal or X-linked dominant Catania form of acrofacial dysostosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:660-78. [PMID: 8266994 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The acrofacial dysostoses (AFDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders combining defects of craniofacial and limb development. The predominantly preaxial form is called Nager AFD, the predominantly postaxial form of AFD (POADS) is also known as the Genée-Wiedemann or Miller syndrome. The former appears to be about twice as common as the latter with well-documented autosomal dominant and recessive occurrences in both conditions. Only 1 AD occurrence of POADS is known, but 5 sets of sibs are suggestive of AR inheritance. Heterogeneity of apparently nonsyndromal AFD of both types is powerful support for the hypothesis that the AFDs are polytopic field defects arising during blastogenesis. Six other previously described forms of AFD include the AFD syndrome of Kelly et al. (AR), the Rodríguez or Madrid form of AFD (AR or XLR), the Reynolds or Idaho form of AFD (AD), the Arens or Tel Aviv type of AFD (AF?), the presumed AR AFD syndrome of Richieri-Costa et al., and the AD Patterson-Stevenson-Fontaine syndrome. Here we review the AFDs and report on a previously apparently undescribed autosomal or X-linked dominant form of AFD with mental retardation in a Sicilian mother and her 4 sons.
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