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Al-Kateb H, Hahn A, Gastier-Foster JM, Jeng L, McCandless SE, Curtis CA. Molecular characterization of a novel, de novo, cryptic interstitial deletion on 19p13.3 in a child with a cutis aplasia and multiple congenital anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 152A:3148-53. [PMID: 21108400 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on a de novo constitutional deletion within G-band region 19p13.3 in a girl with cutis aplasia of the scalp, facial anomalies, structural heart abnormalities, hypotonia, mild mental retardation and conductive hearing loss which we characterized with chromosomal microarray, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and SNP analyses. Initial microarray analysis revealed a 6-BAC-clone deletion covering an approximately 1.612 Mb region within 19p13.3. Subsequent BAC FISH studies delineated the proximal deletion breakpoint to within BAC clone RP11-125C3 and the distal deletion breakpoint to within BAC clone RP11-648B14. SNP analysis showed the deletion to be of paternal origin and further refined its distal breakpoint to within a 20 kb region between rs11666694 and novel SNP2 that we identified at g.2,924,845, and its proximal deletion breakpoint to within a 22 kb region between rs35280644 and rs262562. Accordingly, the size of the deletion was revised to 1.89-1.932 Mb in length. We identified many Alu, L1, and L2 repeats, as well as SINE and LINE sequences at both deletion breakpoints. We found the deletion to encompass 71 genes, two of which appear to be good candidates for the patient's observed craniofacial and cardiac anomalies: guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 11 (Gq class)(GNA11), and Transducin-like Enhancer of Split 2 (E(sp1) homolog, Drosophila)(TLE2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Al-Kateb
- Center for Human Genetics Laboratory,University Hospital—Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10524 Euclid Ave, 6th Floor, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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2
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Schwartz S, Micale MA, Becker L. Preparation of amniocytes for interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN HUMAN GENETICS 2008; Chapter 8:Unit 8.9. [PMID: 18428317 DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hg0809s05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although FISH has been used to clarify deletions or structural rearrangements, recent work has focused increasingly on its applications to interphase analysis. This unit describes preparation of uncultured amniotic fluid cells for FISH analysis. Cells are swollen, then slides are prepared using either a cytocentrifuge or standard methods. These are then fixed and permeabilized for subsequent FISH. An Alternate Protocol describes attachment of amniocytes to a glass or plastic surface followed by hypotonic swelling, fixation, and permeabilization for subsequent FISH. Interphase FISH analysis of amniotic fluid cells is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schwartz
- Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Warburton P, Mohammed S, Ogilvie CM. Detection of submicroscopic subtelomeric chromosome translocations: a new case study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 91:51-5. [PMID: 10751089 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000306)91:1<51::aid-ajmg9>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two sisters presented with multiple congenital abnormalities and developmental delay; abnormalities elsewhere in their extended family suggested that their father carried a balanced translocation. G-banded chromosome analysis showed apparently normal karyotypes. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with whole chromosome paints revealed no apparent abnormality in the father. However, further FISH studies, using multiple subtelomeric probes, demonstrated a derivative chromosome 16 in one sister. Subsequent studies showed that her sister also had a derivative 16 which had been inherited in an unbalanced form from their father, who carried a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 1 and 16. This report describes the detection of this submicroscopic translocation and the clinical findings in the two sisters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Warburton
- Cytogenetics Department, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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Cai T, Yu P, Tagle DA, Xia J. Duplication of 7p21.2?pter due to maternal 7p;21q translocation: Implications for critical segment assignment in the 7p duplication syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19991008)86:4<305::aid-ajmg1>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Wandstrat AE, Leana-Cox J, Jenkins L, Schwartz S. Molecular cytogenetic evidence for a common breakpoint in the largest inverted duplications of chromosome 15. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62:925-36. [PMID: 9529335 PMCID: PMC1377019 DOI: 10.1086/301777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes from 20 patients were used to delineate the breakpoints of inverted duplications of chromosome 15 (inv dup[15]) that include the Prader-Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS) chromosomal region (15q11-q13). YAC and cosmid clones from 15q11-q14 were used for FISH analysis, to detect the presence or absence of material on each inv dup(15). We describe two types of inv dup(15): those that break between D15S12 and D15S24, near the distal boundary of the PWS/AS chromosomal region, and those that share a breakpoint immediately proximal to D15S1010. Among the latter group, no breakpoint heterogeneity could be detected with the available probes, and one YAC (810f11) showed a reduced signal on each inv dup(15), compared with that on normal chromosomes 15. The lack of breakpoint heterogeneity may be the result of a U-type exchange involving particular sequences on either homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids. Parent-of-origin studies revealed that, in all the cases analyzed, the inv dup(15) was maternal in origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Wandstrat
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Stankiewicz P, Kostyk E, Bocian E, Stańczak H, Parczewska J, Piatkowska E, Mazurczak T, Pietrzyk JJ. Familial four breakpoint complex chromosomal rearrangement as a cause of monosomy 9p22-->pter and trisomy 10p11.2-->pter and 11q21 analysed by dual and triple colour FISH. J Med Genet 1997; 34:696-9. [PMID: 9279768 PMCID: PMC1051038 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.8.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A familial four breakpoint complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 9, 10, and 11 was ascertained through a child with dysmorphic features, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hypotonia. A cryptic insertion, invisible in G banded chromosomes was identified by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using chromosome specific libraries. Possible mechanisms of its formation as well as karyotype-phenotype correlation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stankiewicz
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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Fuster C, Miguez L, Miró R, Rigola MA, Perez A, Egozcue J. Familial complex chromosome rearrangement ascertained by in situ hybridisation. J Med Genet 1997; 34:164-6. [PMID: 9039997 PMCID: PMC1050874 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A complex familial chromosome translocation has been ascertained by combining classical cytogenetics and CISS (chromosomal in situ suppression). Cytogenetic analysis of a chorionic villus sample with G banding showed a 47,XX,-2, +der(2)t(2;22),+der(22)t(2;22) karyotype. Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from the parents by G banding and CISS showed a more complex translocation in the father: 46,XY,-2,-11,-22, +der(2) t(2;11)(q13;q23), +der(11) t(11;22) (q23;q11.2), +der(22) t(2;22) (q13;q11.2). Definitive analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells showed a double partial trisomy of chromosomes 11 and 22. The couple decided to continue the pregnancy. The fetal karyotype was confirmed at birth. Clinical abnormalities present in our patient were typical of an unbalanced 11;22 translocation. Our findings confirm that chromosome painting techniques allow a better characterisation of complex chromosome rearrangements which may be difficult to detect in G banded karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fuster
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Fisiologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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8
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Kontogeorgos G, Kovacs K. FISHing chromosomes in endocrinology. Endocrine 1996; 5:235-40. [PMID: 21153073 DOI: 10.1007/bf02739055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/1996] [Accepted: 07/22/1996] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) is currently recognized as a reliable, sensitive, and reproducible technique for identification of copy number and structure of chromosomes providing information on the single-cell level. The technique permits cytogenetic investigation of metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei. Several protocols have been used for preparations from fresh samples or archival material. Alphoid or telomeric DNA probes can detect specific chromosomes, and cosmid probes can localize single copies of the segment of interest. FISH is a powerful tool in understanding physiologic mechanisms, in generating high-resolution physical genetic maps, and in resolving problems of the pathogenesis of several diseases. FISH may shed light on the cytogenetic background and chromosomal alterations in the field of endocrinology, resulting in a better understanding of functional activities and various endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kontogeorgos
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Athens, 154 Messogion Avenue, 115 27, Athens, Greece,
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Kingston HM, Ledbetter DH, Tomlin PI, Gaunt KL. Miller-Dieker syndrome resulting from rearrangement of a familial chromosome 17 inversion detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. J Med Genet 1996; 33:69-72. [PMID: 8825053 PMCID: PMC1051816 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) owing to an unbalanced rearrangement of a familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 17 (inv(17) (p13.3q25.1)). In addition to lissencephaly and the facial features of MDS, the affected child had other congenital malformations consistent with distal 17q duplication. Initial cytogenetic analysis failed to show any abnormality and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) studies confirmed the 17p deletion in the proband and identified the chromosome 17 inversion in his mother. FISH studies were performed in other relatives and enabled first trimester prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling in a subsequent pregnancy of the proband's mother. These findings underline the value of FISH in the investigation of MDS families.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kingston
- Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Sullivan BA, Schiffer CA, Patil SR, Hulseberg D, Leana-Cox J, Schwartz S. Application of FISH to complex chromosomal rearrangements associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 82:93-9. [PMID: 7664251 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)00075-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Identification of complex chromosomal rearrangements can be difficult, due either to the limited number and sometimes poor quality of metaphases in bone marrow preparations or to the nature of the rearrangements. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome-specific DNA libraries in conjunction with a cosmid probe for the c-ABL oncogene was performed to substantiate the preliminary G-banded karyotypes of six patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Our results indicate that FISH is sufficiently sensitive to detect complex and subtle rearrangements, even in bone marrow preparations with suboptimal metaphases, and can provide valuable corroborative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Sullivan
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
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Spikes AS, Hegmann K, Smith JL, Shaffer LG. Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to clarify a complex chromosomal rearrangement in a child with multiple congenital anomalies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 57:31-4. [PMID: 7645595 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320570109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A child with multiple congenital anomalies was referred for cytogenetic evaluation. G-banded analysis showed a complex chromosome rearrangement involving 6 different chromosomes and 10 breakpoints. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole chromosome painting probes and repetitive sequence probes was performed. In most cases the painting probes alone helped to clarify the G-banded results. However, in one instance, where the terminal band of the long arm of chromosome 1 was involved, the use of a telomeric probe was essential in defining the rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Spikes
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Kleberg Cytogenetics Laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Genome Project is a coordinated effort to define the human genetic blueprint. The goals include construction of a variety of maps of the human genome, including the identification and localization of all genes. The discovery of genes responsible for human diseases has had a significant impact on the practice of medicine. METHODS Methods for defining the human genome include cytogenetic, physical, and genetic mapping techniques. A variety of strategies have been used to identify human genes, especially those genes that are responsible for disease. Once a disease gene has been identified, this information can be used to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. RESULTS A number of disease genes have already been identified, leading to improved diagnosis and novel approaches to therapy. A new type of mutation, trinucleotide repeat expansion, has been found to be responsible for at least seven diseases with an unusual inheritance pattern. CONCLUSIONS Materials and technology generated by the Human Genome Project and related research have provided important tools for the diagnosis and treatment of patients afflicted with genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Rossiter
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Wiktor A, Feldman GL, Kratkoczki P, Ditmars DM, Van Dyke DL. 10p duplication characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 52:315-8. [PMID: 7528972 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320520312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe a patient with severe failure to thrive, mild-moderate developmental delay, cleft lip and palate, and other anomalies. Routine cytogenetic analysis documented a de novo chromosome rearrangement involving chromosome 4, but the origin of the derived material was unknown. Using chromosome specific painting probes, the karyotype was defined as 46,XY,der(4) t(4;10)(q35;p11.23). Characterization of the dup(10p) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis provides another example of the usefulness of this technology in identifying small deletions, duplications, or supernumerary marker chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wiktor
- Medical Genetics and Birth Defects Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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