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Wen J, Ping H, Kong X, Chai W. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review of susceptibility genes and epigenetics. Gene 2023; 853:147067. [PMID: 36435507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a complex developmental deformity whose pathogenesis and susceptibility-related genes have yet to be elucidated. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on DDH-related gene mutations, animal model experiments, and epigenetic changes in DDH. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of relevant documents in the Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases covering the period from October 1991 to October 2021. We analyzed basic information on the included studies and summarized the DDH-related mutation sites, animal model experiments, and epigenetic changes associated with DDH. RESULTS A total of 63 studies were included in the analysis, of which 54 dealt with the detection of gene mutations, 7 presented details of animal experiments, and 6 were epigenetic studies. No genetic mutations were clearly related to the pathogenesis of DDH, including the most frequently studied genes on chromosomes 1, 17, and 20. Most gene-related studies were performed in Han Chinese or North American populations, and the quality of these studies was medium or low. GDF5 was examined in the greatest number of studies, and mutation sites with odds ratios > 10 were located on chromosomes 3, 9, and 13. Six mutations were found in animal experiments (i.e., CX3CR1, GDF5, PAPPA2, TENM3, UFSP2, and WISP3). Epigenetics research on DDH has focused on GDF5 promoter methylation, three microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs. In addition, there was also a genetic test for miRNA and mRNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS DDH is a complex joint deformity with a considerable genetic component whose early diagnosis is significant for preventing disease. At present, no genes clearly involved in the pathogenesis of DDH have been identified. Research on mutations associated with this condition is progressing in the direction of in vivo experiments in animal models to identify DDH susceptibility genes and epigenetics analyses to provide novel insights into its pathogenesis. In the future, genetic profiling may improve matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hangyu Ping
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wei Chai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Kenanidis E, Gkekas NK, Karasmani A, Anagnostis P, Christofilopoulos P, Tsiridis E. Genetic Predisposition to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:291-300.e1. [PMID: 31522852 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiopathogenesis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has not been clarified. This systematic review evaluated current literature concerning all known chromosomes, loci, genes, and their polymorphisms that have been associated or not with the prevalence and severity of DDH. METHODS Following the established methodology of Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to January 2019. RESULTS Forty-five studies were finally included. The majority of genetic studies were candidate gene association studies assessing Chinese populations with moderate methodological quality. Among the most frequently studied are the first, third, 12th,17th, and 20th chromosomes. No gene was firmly associated with DDH phenotype. Studies from different populations often report conflicting results on the same single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The SNP rs143384 of GDF5 gene on chromosome 20 demonstrated the most robust relationship with DDH phenotype in association studies. The highest odds of coinheritance in linkage studies have been reported for regions of chromosome 3 and 13. Five SNPs have been associated with the severity of DDH. Animal model studies validating previous human findings provided suggestive evidence of an inducing role of mutations of the GDF5, CX3CR1, and TENM3 genes in DDH etiopathogenesis. CONCLUSION DDH is a complex disorder with environmental and genetic causes. However, no firm correlation between genotype and DDH phenotype currently exists. Systematic genome evaluation in studies with larger sample size, better methodological quality, and assessment of DDH patients is necessary to clarify the DDH heredity. The role of next-generation sequencing techniques is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustathios Kenanidis
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece; Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nifon K Gkekas
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece; Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Karasmani
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece
| | | | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece; Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhu L, Zhang Z, Friedenberg S, Jung SW, Phavaphutanon J, Vernier-Singer M, Corey E, Mateescu R, Dykes N, Sandler J, Acland G, Lust G, Todhunter R. The long (and winding) road to gene discovery for canine hip dysplasia. Vet J 2009; 181:97-110. [PMID: 19297220 PMCID: PMC2679856 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hip dysplasia is a common inherited trait of dogs that results in secondary osteoarthritis. In this article the methods used to uncover the mutations contributing to this condition are reviewed, beginning with hip phenotyping. Coarse, genome-wide, microsatellite-based screens of pedigrees of greyhounds and dysplastic Labrador retrievers were used to identify linked quantitative trait loci (QTL). Fine-mapping across two chromosomes (CFA11 and 29) was employed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Power analyses and preferential selection of dogs for ongoing SNP-based genotyping is described with the aim of refining the QTL intervals to 1-2 megabases on these and several additional chromosomes prior to candidate gene screening. The review considers how a mutation or a genetic marker such as a SNP or haplotype of SNPs might be combined with pedigree and phenotype information to create a 'breeding value' that could improve the accuracy of predicting a dog's hip conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, 175 Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steven Friedenberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Seung-Woo Jung
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Janjira Phavaphutanon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Margaret Vernier-Singer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Elizabeth Corey
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Raluca Mateescu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nathan Dykes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jody Sandler
- Guiding Eyes for the Blind, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Gregory Acland
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - George Lust
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rory Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Rubini M, Cavallaro A, Calzolari E, Bighetti G, Sollazzo V. Exclusion of COL2A1 and VDR as developmental dysplasia of the hip genes. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008; 466:878-83. [PMID: 18288556 PMCID: PMC2504671 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a spectrum of disorders affecting the proximal femur and/or acetabulum leading to an abnormal formation of the hip. Genetic factors are involved in the etiology of DDH. Early recognition of DDH affords the best results from treatment and a better knowledge of the genetics of DDH could enhance early diagnosis. Variants in the Type II collagen (COL2A1) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes have been associated with patients with osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to DDH, suggesting these genes could contribute to DDH. To see whether there was linkage between the COL2A1/VDR locus and nonsyndromic DDH, we conducted a linkage study on 11 families with multiple cases of DDH. We demonstrated no evidence of linkage between the COL2A1/VDR locus and nonsyndromic DDH (LOD score < -2), suggesting, although variants in these genes could play a role in osteoarthritis in patients with DDH, they do not contribute to nonsyndromic DDH. The search for causal gene variants should proceed with other candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rubini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Diagnostica, Sezione di Genetica Medica, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Diagnostica, Sezione di Genetica Medica, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Calzolari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Diagnostica, Sezione di Genetica Medica, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Bighetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Terapie Avanzate, Sezione di Clinica Ortopedica, Università di Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sollazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Terapie Avanzate, Sezione di Clinica Ortopedica, Università di Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Hays L, Zhang Z, Mateescu RG, Lust G, Burton-Wurster NI, Todhunter RJ. Quantitative genetics of secondary hip joint osteoarthritis in a Labrador Retriever-Greyhound pedigree. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:35-41. [PMID: 17199416 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quantitative inheritance of secondary hip joint osteoarthritis in a canine pedigree. ANIMALS 137 Labrador Retrievers, Greyhounds, and mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURES Necropsy scores ranging from 0 to 4 were obtained for each hip joint. Seven unaffected Greyhounds with normal hip joint conformation were also used for genetic modeling, but were not euthanized. Sixty-six male and 71 female dogs were allocated to 2 groups (< or = 12 months of age and > 12 months of age). Statistical models were developed to establish the inheritance pattern of hip joint osteoarthritis that developed secondary to hip dysplasia. RESULTS 62 dogs had evidence of osteoarthritis in a hip joint, and 75 had no evidence of osteoarthritis. After sex was adjusted for, the necropsy score was found to be inherited additively but without dominance. Each Labrador Retriever allele increased the necropsy score by 0.7 to 0.9 points, compared with the Greyhound allele, and male sex increased the necropsy score 0.74 over female sex. Approximately 10% of the variation in necropsy score was attributable to the litter of puppies' origin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Because secondary hip joint osteoarthritis is inherited additively, selection pressure could be applied to reduce its incidence. Similar statistical models can be used in linkage and association mapping to detect the genes in the underlying quantitative trait loci that contribute to hip joint osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Hays
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Todhunter RJ, Mateescu R, Lust G, Burton-Wurster NI, Dykes NL, Bliss SP, Williams AJ, Vernier-Singer M, Corey E, Harjes C, Quaas RL, Zhang Z, Gilbert RO, Volkman D, Casella G, Wu R, Acland GM. Quantitative trait loci for hip dysplasia in a crossbreed canine pedigree. Mamm Genome 2005; 16:720-30. [PMID: 16245029 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-005-0004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia is a common developmental inherited trait characterized by hip laxity, subluxation or incongruity of the femoral head and acetabulum in affected hips. The inheritance pattern is complex and the mutations contributing to trait expression are unknown. In the study reported here, 240 microsatellite markers distributed in 38 autosomes and the X chromosome were genotyped on 152 dogs from three generations of a crossbred pedigree based on trait-free Greyhound and dysplastic Labrador Retriever founders. Interval mapping was undertaken to map the QTL underlying the quantitative dysplastic traits of maximum passive hip laxity (the distraction index), the dorsolateral subluxation score, and the Norberg angle. Permutation testing was used to derive the chromosome-wide level of significance at p<0.05 for each QTL. Chromosomes 4, 9, 10, 11 (p<0.01), 16, 20, 22, 25, 29 (p<0.01), 30, 35, and 37 harbor putative QTL for one or more traits. Successful detection of QTL was due to the cross-breed pedigree, multiple-trait measurements, control of environmental background, and marked advancement in canine mapping tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Box 32 College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Roby P, Eyre S, Worthington J, Ramesar R, Cilliers H, Beighton P, Grant M, Wallis G. Autosomal dominant (Beukes) premature degenerative osteoarthropathy of the hip joint maps to an 11-cM region on chromosome 4q35. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64:904-8. [PMID: 10053028 PMCID: PMC1377811 DOI: 10.1086/302291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Young TL, Penney L, Woods MO, Parfrey PS, Green JS, Hefferton D, Davidson WS. A fifth locus for Bardet-Biedl syndrome maps to chromosome 2q31. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64:900-4. [PMID: 10053027 PMCID: PMC1377810 DOI: 10.1086/302301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Jürgen Spranger's visit to the University of Cape Town in 1974 provided impetus for the establishment of a bone dysplasia registry. By 1996 more than 2,500 affected persons had been documented and radiographs and DNA had been obtained in many instances. Of these disorders, about 1,500 fall into the category of "osteochondrodysplasias" as listed in the International Nomenclature [Spranger, 1992]. The numbers of affected persons with each of these disorders are presented in this article. Departmental or collaborative investigations on DNA banked in conjunction with the registry, has resulted in localization or characterization of several determinant genes. In this way, Spranger's early contributions to the Cape have led directly to the elucidation of several import genetic skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Beighton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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