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Falcone MM, Chang YH, Lidov H, Stagner AM, Dagi LR. Two siblings with GAPO syndrome: Ophthalmic presentation and histopathologic findings. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:598-601. [PMID: 36748830 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2175225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GAPO syndrome (growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, optic atrophy) is a rare, autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder with only 60 reported cases. Ophthalmic manifestations vary and include hypertelorism, optic atrophy, and glaucoma. There have been three reported cases of GAPO syndrome with craniosynostosis. MATERIALS/METHODS We describe two new siblings with GAPO syndrome and craniosynostosis and the first histopathologic analysis of Tenon's capsule and extraocular muscle in this syndrome. RESULTS Both siblings presented with papilledema and V-pattern strabismus in addition to the alopecia, brittle eyelashes, growth retardation, and pseudoanodontia that characterize GAPO syndrome. Cranial vault expansion, though successful, was complicated by lack of distinct periosteal layers, thin dural adherence to bone, and extensive venous bleeding. Tenons encountered during strabismus surgery was inelastic and highly vascular. Histopathological analysis revealed hyalinization of Tenon's and a thickened, homogenized, amorphous appearance, similar to the extracellular matrix abnormalities described in skin and other organs Histopathological analysis of extraocular muscle was, in contrast, unremarkable. CONCLUSIONS GAPO impacts the extracellular matrix of Tenon's resulting in inelasticity and hypervascularity. Ophthalmologists should be mindful of these aberrant characteristics when planning surgery in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Falcone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yoon-Hee Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hart Lidov
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna M Stagner
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda R Dagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Golpayegani M, Salari F, Habibi Z, Naderian N, Nejat F. GAPO syndrome with craniosynostosis and intracranial hypertension. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1621-1624. [PMID: 31230109 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GAPO (growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and optic atrophy) as a rare genetic disorder includes growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and optic atrophy. It was reported to be associated with craniosynostosis and intracranial hypertension. CASE REPORT A patient with such a rare disorder associated with multisuture craniosynostosis and headache is presented. Surgery has been done due to intracranial hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal intraoperative findings including sever pericranium and dural adhesions and extraordinary bleeding related to this syndrome are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Golpayegani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Gharib street, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Negin Naderian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Gharib street, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Farideh Nejat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Gharib street, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran. .,Children's Hospital Medical Center, Gharib street, Tehran, 141557854, Iran.
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3
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Abdel-Hamid MS, Ismail S, Zaki MS, Abdel-Salam GMH, Otaify GA, Issa MY, Abdel-Kader M, Girgis M, Aboul-Ezz E, Mazen I, Aglan MS, Temtamy SA. GAPO syndrome in seven new patients: Identification of five novel ANTXR1 mutations including the first large intragenic deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:237-242. [PMID: 30575274 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
GAPO syndrome is a very rare disorder characterized by growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia and progressive optic atrophy. It is caused by biallelic mutations in the ANTXR1 gene. Herein, we describe the clinical and molecular findings of seven new patients with GAPO syndrome. Our patients presented with the characteristic clinical features of the syndrome except for one patient who did not display total alopecia till the age of two years. Strikingly, optic atrophy and glaucoma were observed in all patients and one patient showed keratopathy in addition. Moreover, craniosynstosis was an unusual associated finding in one patient. Mutational analysis of ANTXR1 gene identified five novel homozygous mutations including two frameshift, two splice site and a large intragenic deletion of exon 3. Our results reinforce the clinical characteristics of the syndrome, expand the mutational spectrum and provide more insights into the role of the ANTXR1 protein in the regulation of extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Ismail
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Otaify
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Y Issa
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Kader
- Department of Dental Basic Science, Dental and Oral Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marian Girgis
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Aboul-Ezz
- Department of Dental Basic Science, Dental and Oral Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas Mazen
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Aglan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Temtamy
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Puranik RS, Puranik SR, Hallur N, Venkatesh D. GAPO Syndrome—A Rare Cause of Osteomyelitis of Jaws; Report of 4 Cases With a Brief Review of the Literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:1216-1225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Benetti-Pinto CL, Ferreira V, Andrade L, Yela DA, De Mello MP. GAPO syndrome: a new syndromic cause of premature ovarian insufficiency. Climacteric 2016; 19:594-598. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1200551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Benetti-Pinto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - V. Ferreira
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L. Andrade
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - D. A. Yela
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M. P. De Mello
- Center of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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6
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Bayram Y, Pehlivan D, Karaca E, Gambin T, Jhangiani SN, Erdin S, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Wiszniewski W, Muzny D, Elcioglu NH, Yildirim MS, Bozkurt B, Zamani AG, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR. Whole exome sequencing identifies three novel mutations in ANTXR1 in families with GAPO syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2328-34. [PMID: 25045128 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
GAPO syndrome (OMIM#230740) is the acronym for growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and optic atrophy. About 35 cases have been reported, making it among one of the rarest recessive conditions. Distinctive craniofacial features including alopecia, rarefaction of eyebrows and eyelashes, frontal bossing, high forehead, mid-facial hypoplasia, hypertelorism, and thickened eyelids and lips make GAPO syndrome a clinically recognizable phenotype. While this genomic study was in progress mutations in ANTXR1 were reported to cause GAPO syndrome. In our study we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) for five affected individuals from three Turkish kindreds segregating the GAPO trait. Exome sequencing analysis identified three novel homozygous mutations including; one frame-shift (c.1220_1221insT; p.Ala408Cysfs*2), one splice site (c.411A>G; p.Gln137Gln), and one non-synonymous (c.1150G>A; p.Gly384Ser) mutation in the ANTXR1 gene. Our studies expand the allelic spectrum in this rare condition and potentially provide insight into the role of ANTXR1 in the regulation of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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7
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Zeydan B, Benbir G, Uluduz D, Ince B, Goksan B, Islak C. Arterial and venous thrombosis of the cerebral vasculature in GAPO syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1284-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Zeydan
- Department of Neurology; Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gulcin Benbir
- Department of Neurology; Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Derya Uluduz
- Department of Neurology; Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Birsen Ince
- Department of Neurology; Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Baki Goksan
- Department of Neurology; Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Civan Islak
- Department of Radiology; Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
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8
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Rapsomaniki M, Chiarella G, Mascaro I, Ceravolo F, Cassandro E, Strisciuglio P, Concolino D. GAPO syndrome associated with vestibular dysfunction and hearing loss. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2102-4. [PMID: 23794220 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rapsomaniki
- Department of Pediatrics, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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9
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Bozkurt B, Yildirim MS, Okka M, Bitirgen G. GAPO syndrome: four new patients with congenital glaucoma and myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:829-34. [PMID: 23494824 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on the ophthalmological features of four Turkish children with GAPO syndrome, a very rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by growth retardation (G), alopecia (A), pseudoanodontia (P) (failure of tooth eruption), and optic atrophy (O). The children were from two unrelated families born to consanguineous parents. They had the characteristic facial appearance of alopecia, rarefaction of eyebrows and eyelashes, frontal bossing, high forehead, midfacial hypoplasia, hypertelorism, and thickened eyelids and lips. Two children had severe end-stage glaucoma in both eyes and unilateral corneal opacity, whereas other two children had myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer; one with bilateral optic atrophy and the other one with persistent pupillary membrane in the left eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Bozkurt
- Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Department of Ophthalmology, Konya, Turkey.
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Sinha R, Trikha A, Laha A, Raviraj R, Kumar R. Anesthetic management of a patient with GAPO syndrome for glaucoma surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2011; 21:910-2. [PMID: 21718384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Castrillon-Oberndorfer G, Seeberger R, Bacon C, Engel M, Ebinger F, Thiele OC. GAPO syndrome associated with craniofacial vascular malformation. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:225-7. [PMID: 20034076 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Nanda A, Al-Ateeqi WA, Al-Khawari MA, Alsaleh QA, Anim JT. GAPO syndrome: a report of two siblings and a review of literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2010; 27:156-61. [PMID: 20537066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, optic atrophy (GAPO) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The molecular nature of the disease is not fully understood and is considered to be one of the ectodermal dysplasia defects. In this report, we describe clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural features in two siblings born to consanguineous parents with a brief review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Nanda
- As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait.
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13
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Abstract
This paper reports on a 36-year-old woman with GAPO syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by growth retardation (G), alopecia (A), pseudoanodontia (P), and optic atrophy (O). Her parents are consanguineous and one of her sisters is also affected. Since the first description by Anderson and Pindborg in 1947, 27 individuals have been reported with this diagnosis. They were from at least 19 different families (four of them from Brazil, including the present one), suggesting a founder effect. The phenotype of this condition, initially considered as the result of an ectodermal dysplasia, could be attributed to the accumulation of extracellular connective tissue matrix and its progressive character must be pointed out. The clinical findings, especially ophthalmological features that include bilateral glaucoma, are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Hae Hyun Rim
- Departamento de Oftalmo-Otorrinolaringologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Goloni-Bertollo EM, Ruiz MT, Goloni CBV, Muniz MP, Valério NI, Pavarino-Bertelli EC. GAPO syndrome: three new Brazilian cases, additional osseous manifestations, and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1523-9. [PMID: 18470892 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The GAPO syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease that presents as main characteristics evident growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, progressive optic atrophy and a typical face. Until now, only 30 patients have been reported in the medical literature (nine of them from Brazil, including the three cases described in the present article). This study describes three siblings with GAPO syndrome, two female and one male, the children of consanguineous parents (first-degree cousins, inbreeding F = 1/16), who are older than the previously described patients, presenting the characteristic phenotype besides serious bone alterations in the lower limbs, which had not yet been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo
- Molecular Biology Department, FAMERP-São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Meguid NA, Afifi HH, Ramzy MI, Hindawy A, Temtamy SA. GAPO syndrome: first Egyptian case with ultrastructural changes in the gingiva. Clin Genet 1997; 52:110-5. [PMID: 9298746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a 3-year-old boy with growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and optic atrophy. This is the 18th known and the first Egyptian case of GAPO syndrome. Electron microscopic examination of gingival biopsy showed excessive collagen fibres and endothelial vacuolisation, suggesting involvement of extracellular pathological collagenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Meguid
- Human Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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