1
|
Hale AT, Boudreau H, Devulapalli R, Duy PQ, Atchley TJ, Dewan MC, Goolam M, Fieggen G, Spader HL, Smith AA, Blount JP, Johnston JM, Rocque BG, Rozzelle CJ, Chong Z, Strahle JM, Schiff SJ, Kahle KT. The genetic basis of hydrocephalus: genes, pathways, mechanisms, and global impact. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38439105 PMCID: PMC10913327 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus (HC) is a heterogenous disease characterized by alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics that may cause increased intracranial pressure. HC is a component of a wide array of genetic syndromes as well as a secondary consequence of brain injury (intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), infection, etc.) that can present across the age spectrum, highlighting the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease. Surgical treatments include ventricular shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus cauterization, both of which are prone to failure, and no effective pharmacologic treatments for HC have been developed. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the genetic architecture and molecular pathogenesis of HC. Without this knowledge, the development of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures is impeded. However, the genetics of HC is extraordinarily complex, based on studies of varying size, scope, and rigor. This review serves to provide a comprehensive overview of genes, pathways, mechanisms, and global impact of genetics contributing to all etiologies of HC in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2ndAve, Birmingham, AL, 35294, UK.
| | - Hunter Boudreau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2ndAve, Birmingham, AL, 35294, UK
| | - Rishi Devulapalli
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Travis J Atchley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2ndAve, Birmingham, AL, 35294, UK
| | - Michael C Dewan
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mubeen Goolam
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graham Fieggen
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather L Spader
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anastasia A Smith
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Blount
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - James M Johnston
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Brandon G Rocque
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Curtis J Rozzelle
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Zechen Chong
- Heflin Center for Genomics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Jennifer M Strahle
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forli F, Fiacchini G, Bruschini L, Caniglia M, Berrettini S. Cochlear implant in a subject affected by the Chudley-McCullough Syndrome. Cochlear Implants Int 2019; 20:217-221. [PMID: 30907716 DOI: 10.1080/14670100.2019.1595875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The Chudley-McCullough Syndrome (CMS) is a rare autosomal-recessively inherited disorder caused by mutations in the GPSM2 gene, characterised by deafness and brain anomalies. The purpose of this paper is to report about a case of cochlear implant (CI) procedure in a subject affected by CMS. Methods: A 31-year-old subject affected by CMS referred to our centre requiring an evaluation for a CI, as the results with her hearing aids, which she had been using since she was 2-years-old, were unsatisfactory. A profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was pointed out. Pure tone audiometry in free field with hearing aids and speech perception results were poor. The subject was counselled about the surgical procedure and the surgery was performed with no complications. Results: The cochlear implant was switched on 22 days after surgery and the subject began speech therapy training. After 1 year, hearing and speech perception results were satisfactory. The hearing threshold in free field with the CI was around 30 dB, and the open set speech perception score reached 55% in silence. Conclusions: The reported case demonstrates that CI is a feasible and safe procedure in subjects with CMS. Furthermore, since satisfactory hearing and speech perception results were achieved we recognise that cochlear implant should be considered the best option for hearing restoration in subjects with CMS and profound sensorineural hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Forli
- a Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatric Operative Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP) , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Giacomo Fiacchini
- a Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatric Operative Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP) , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- a Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatric Operative Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP) , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Michele Caniglia
- b Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP) , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- a Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatric Operative Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP) , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chapman T, Perez FA, Ishak GE, Doherty D. Prenatal diagnosis of Chudley-McCullough syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2426-30. [PMID: 27312216 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chudley-McCullough syndrome (CMS) is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by a complex brain malformation and profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Postnatal brain imaging findings include ventriculomegaly, partial agenesis of corpus callosum, inferior cerebellar dysplasia, arachnoid cysts, and malformations of cortical development including frontal subcortical heterotopia and polymicrogyria. Prenatal diagnosis of CMS is important due to the markedly less severe neurodevelopmental prognosis compared to disorders with similar brain imaging findings. We report prenatal imaging features that help distinguish CMS from other disorders, including slit-like frontal horns, agenesis of the corpus callosum, frontal subcortical heterotopia, arachnoid cysts, and cerebellar dysplasia. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Chapman
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Francisco A Perez
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gisele E Ishak
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamzeh AR, Nair P, Mohamed M, Saif F, Tawfiq N, Al-Ali MT, Bastaki F. A novel nonsense GPSM2 mutation in a Yemeni family underlying Chudley-McCullough syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:337-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Almomani R, Sun Y, Aten E, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Peeters-Scholte CM, van Haeringen A, Hendriks YM, den Dunnen JT, Breuning MH, Kriek M, Santen GW. GPSM2and Chudley-McCullough Syndrome: A Dutch Founder Variant Brought to North America. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:973-6. [PMID: 23494849 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Almomani
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Yu Sun
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Emmelien Aten
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Hilhorst-Hofstee
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | | | - Arie van Haeringen
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M.C. Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Genetics; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn H. Breuning
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kriek
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Gijs W.E. Santen
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Holou WN, Terman S, Kilburg C, Garton HJL, Muraszko KM, Maher CO. Prevalence and natural history of arachnoid cysts in adults. J Neurosurg 2013; 118:222-31. [DOI: 10.3171/2012.10.jns12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Arachnoid cysts are a frequent finding on intracranial imaging. The prevalence and natural history of these cysts in adults are not well defined.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of a consecutive series of adults who underwent brain MRI over a 12-year interval to identify those with arachnoid cysts. The MRI studies were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. For those patients with arachnoid cysts, we evaluated presenting symptoms, cyst size, and cyst location. Patients with more than 6 months' clinical and imaging follow-up were included in a natural history analysis.
Results
A total of 48,417 patients underwent brain MRI over the study period. Arachnoid cysts were identified in 661 patients (1.4%). Men had a higher prevalence than women (p < 0.0001). Multiple arachnoid cysts occurred in 30 patients. The most common locations were middle fossa (34%), retrocerebellar (33%), and convexity (14%). Middle fossa cysts were predominantly left-sided (70%, p < 0.001). Thirty-five patients were considered symptomatic and 24 underwent surgical treatment. Sellar and suprasellar cysts were more likely to be considered symptomatic (p < 0.0001). Middle fossa cysts were less likely to be considered symptomatic (p = 0.01. The criteria for natural history analysis were met in 203 patients with a total of 213 cysts. After a mean follow-up of 3.8 ± 2.8 years (for this subgroup), 5 cysts (2.3%) increased in size and 2 cysts decreased in size (0.9%). Only 2 patients developed new or worsening symptoms over the follow-up period.
Conclusions
Arachnoid cysts are a common incidental finding on intracranial imaging in all age groups. Although arachnoid cysts are symptomatic in a small number of patients, they are associated with a benign natural history for those presenting without symptoms.
Collapse
|
7
|
Diaz-Horta O, Sirmaci A, Doherty D, Nance W, Arnos K, Pandya A, Tekin M. GPSM2 mutations in Chudley-McCullough syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2972-3. [PMID: 22987632 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Diaz-Horta
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Doherty D, Chudley A, Coghlan G, Ishak G, Innes A, Lemire E, Rogers R, Mhanni A, Phelps I, Jones S, Zhan S, Fejes A, Shahin H, Kanaan M, Akay H, Tekin M, Triggs-Raine B, Zelinski T, Zelinski T. GPSM2 mutations cause the brain malformations and hearing loss in Chudley-McCullough syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:1088-93. [PMID: 22578326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive inheritance, severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum are hallmarks of the clinically well-established Chudley-McCullough syndrome (CMS). Although not always reported in the literature, frontal polymicrogyria and gray matter heterotopia are uniformly present, whereas cerebellar dysplasia, ventriculomegaly, and arachnoid cysts are nearly invariant. Despite these striking brain malformations, individuals with CMS generally do not present with significant neurodevelopmental abnormalities, except for hearing loss. Homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing of DNA from affected individuals in eight families (including the family in the first report of CMS) revealed four molecular variations (two single-base deletions, a nonsense mutation, and a canonical splice-site mutation) in the G protein-signaling modulator 2 gene, GPSM2, that underlie CMS. Mutations in GPSM2 have been previously identified in people with profound congenital nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL). Subsequent brain imaging of these individuals revealed frontal polymicrogyria, abnormal corpus callosum, and gray matter heterotopia, consistent with a CMS diagnosis, but no ventriculomegaly. The gene product, GPSM2, is required for orienting the mitotic spindle during cell division in multiple tissues, suggesting that the sensorineural hearing loss and characteristic brain malformations of CMS are due to defects in asymmetric cell divisions during development.
Collapse
|
9
|
Orton NC, Innes AM, Chudley AE, Bech-Hansen NT. Unique disease heritage of the Dutch-German Mennonite population. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1072-87. [PMID: 18348259 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Dutch-German Mennonites are a religious isolate with foundational roots in the 16th century. A tradition of endogamy, large families, detailed genealogical records, and a unique disease history all contribute to making this a valuable population for genetic studies. Such studies in the Dutch-German Mennonite population have already contributed to the identification of the causative genes in several conditions such as the incomplete form of X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB2; previously iCSNB) and hypophosphatasia (HOPS), as well as the discovery of founder mutations within established disease genes (MYBPC1, CYP17alpha). The Dutch-German Mennonite population provides a strong resource for gene discovery and could lead to the identification of additional disease genes with relevance to the general population. In addition, further research developments should enhance delivery of clinical genetic services to this unique community. In the current review we discuss 31 genetic conditions, including 17 with identified gene mutations, within the Dutch-German Mennonite population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelle C Orton
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Matteucci F, Tarantino E, Bianchi MC, Cingolani C, Fattori B, Nacci A, Ursino F. Sensorineural deafness, hydrocephalus and structural brain abnormalities in two sisters: the Chudley-McCullough syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:1183-8. [PMID: 16642503 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe an Italian family in which two sisters have macrocephaly due to hydrocephalus, and sensorineural hearing loss in addition to other brain abnormalities demonstrated by Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The girls, born to healthy non-consanguineous parents, have borderline psychomotor development delay (probably due to hearing defect) and minor dysmorphisms. The clinical picture fits the Chudley-McCullough syndrome, an autosomal recessive condition, to date described in only five families. Our data, in particular the neuroradiological findings, include all brain anomalies variably reported in previous works (hydrocephalus, corpus callosum partial agenesis, interhemispheric cyst, cerebral and cerebellar cortex dysplasia), thus illustrating the full phenotype of the syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Matteucci
- 3rd Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|